KEY WORD TRANSFORMATIONS Complete the second sentence so that it has a similar meaning to the first sentence, using the word given. Do not change the word given. You must use between two and five words, including the word given. Here is an example: Example: - We have no definite plans to go away. are ] We are not definitely planning to go away. 1 1. If I could work in the media, that's what I would like to do. opportunity If I so, I would like to work in the media. 2. It has always been her ambition to write a successful novel. dreamt She a successful novel. 3. Without tourism, this area wouldn't have much income. depends This area its income. 4. Why are you against inviting Jackie to the party? objection What's Jackie to the party? 5. Tony demanded to complain to the hotel manager personally. insisted Tony his complaint to the hotel manager personally. 6. He's very good at tennis and he's also a very good footballer. addition He's a very good footballer very good tennis player. 7. Could you deliver the goods to my home? delivered Could I to my home? 8. Ms. Thoa won her first match easily and then she became the champion. went Ms. Thoa won her first match easily and she the champion. 9. Mai Bình said that he didn't want to go out that evening. rather Mai Bình said that out that evening. 10. They should have completed the new road last year but they're still building it. due The new road last year but they're still building it. 2 1. The previous manager wasn't running the club well, so he was replaced. badly The club the previous manager, so he was replaced. 2. You haven't mentioned my new hair cut yet. mention You've of my new haircut yet. 3. I've no idea what my feelings would be if the same thing happened to me! fee! I can't imagine if the same thing happened to me! 4. You got lost because you didn't do what I told you. instructions If you wouldn't have got lost. 5. I don't feel like sitting on the beach all day. desire I have all day sitting on the beach. 6. I sometimes regret coming to live in this city. occasions There are some that I hadn't come to live in this city. 7. I took the book back to the shop and got a better one instead. exchanged I took the book back to the shop end that was better. 8. He reacted to the suggestion cautiously, but he agreed to consider it. with He treated , but he agreed to consider it. 9. There isn't enough space in this room for a big cupboard. take A big cupboard would space in this room. 10. Everyone says that Đình Hiệp is a totally honest person. reputation Đình Hiệp a totally honest person. 3 1. I met her while I was staying in Paris last summer. stay I met her in Paris last summer. 2. I couldn't remember the name of my hotel when I got into the taxi. called I couldn't remember when I got into the taxi. 3. We were all surprised when she suddenly left the job. found All when she suddenly left the job. 4. "Are you a member of the club?" the receptionist said to me. belonged The receptionist asked the club. 5. This is the most amusing book I've ever read. amusing I've never read a one before. 6. Do shops usually stay open so late in this country? usual Is stay open so late in this country? 7. He doesn't often find it difficult to earn money. trouble He seldom money. 8. You're like another person I've met here recently. else You remind I've met here recently. 9. Do you think that climate affects people's personalities? influence Do you think that climate people's personalities? 10. Jack has become confident as a result of his success. turned Jack's success has person. 4 1. He didn't give any reason for his strange behaviour that day. behaved He didn't explain such a strange way that day. 2. Was the film as good as you expected it to be or was it disappointing? live Did the film of it or was it disappointing? 3. It is said that these herbs are good for you. said These herbs good. 4. In spite of working until very late, I couldn't complete the task. fact Despite until very late, I couldn't complete the task. 5. 'If you don't apologize immediately, I'm leaving,' she told him. threatened She he apologized immediately. 6. You can't blame me for your stupid mistakes. fault It isn't stupid mistakes. 7. The news was such a shock to us that we all sat there without saying a word. silence We all sat there so shocked by the news. 8. If you don't hurry, you'll miss your bus. better I think you'll miss your bus. 9. I learnt quite a lot of the language simply by listening to other people. fair I picked the language simply by listening to other people. 10. Mike hates other people criticizing him. stand Mike other people criticize him. 5 1. She described the events of that day in detail. detailed She of the events of that day. 2. As soon as I have any more news, I'll phone you. moment I'll give I have any more news. 3. This train should have left 20 minutes ago. meant This train off 20 minutes ago. 4. I'd lost his phone number so ! couldn't contact him before. touch I couldn't before because I'd lost his phone number. 5. We had a long discussion about the problem but we couldn't solve it. length We discussed but we couldn't solve it. 6. We couldn't choose from the three main courses for dinner. choice We of the three main courses for dinner. 7. She reaaly didn't want to upset him so she kept quiet. avoid She was anxious him so she kept quiet. 8. I've arranged a trip around Europe next year. arrangements I've arrangements on a trip around Europe next year. 9. When I was younger, this record was one of my favourites. favourite This record used mine when I was younger. 10. He seems not to care about anything. matters He acts to him. 6 1. Why are you interested in taking up a new hobby? want Why up a new hobby? 2. 'Have you seen my gloves anywhere, Eric?' asked Mrs Noble. seen Mrs Noble asked Eric her gloves anywhere. 3. Suzanne was too excited to sleep. that Suzanne was not sleep. 4. Robert has not had a job for two years. out Robert has for two years. 5. 'I will complete the work only if you pay me £500 extra,’ said Frank. not 'I will you pay me £500 extra," said Frank. 6. The thief ran right past you so I'm sure you saw his face. must The thief ran right past you so his face. 7. The clients demanded to stay in a first-class hotel. staying The clients in a first-class hotel. 8. I don't object to the council building a new road here. objection I the council building a new road here. 9. The author wrote her latest novel while she was staying in Majorca. was The author's latest novel stay in Majorca. 10. The newspaper offered Lynda £5000 for her story, but she refused. turned Lynda of £5000 from the newspaper for her story. 7 1. I don't want to discuss this subject at the moment. rather I discuss this subject at the moment. 2. A neighbour is looking after the children while I'm out. care A neighbour the children while I'm out. 3. You will have to pay at least £100 to get the camera you want. impossible You'll find get the camera you want for less than £100. 4. Could I stay with you for the weekend? put Could you for the weekend? 5. It's possible that she didn't hear what I said. might She what I said. 6. My boss doesn't like us to make private calls at work. approve My boss making private calls at work. 7. I couldn't concentrate fully because of the noise outside. hard The noise outside fully. 8 The thief wore gloves so as to avoid leaving any fingerprints. order The thief wore gloves any fingerprints. 9 People say that Paris is a wonderful city. supposed Paris a wonderful city. 10 The workers only complain because of the unfair treatment. fairly If the workers they wouldn't complain. 8 1. "Would you like to go out for a meal?" George asked Olga. felt George asked Olga out fora meal. 2. I haven't received a reply from Rachel yet. still Rachel reply. 3. I got the impression that they weren't enjoying themselves. seem They enjoying themselves. 4. I looked quickly through the newspaper while I was waiting. look I through the newspaper while I was waiting. 5. Nobody asked me for my opinion of the idea. thought Nobody asked me the idea. 6. This is the best music I've ever heard. better I've this. 7. The train timetable has been changed. changes They the train timetable. 8. Elizabeth had difficulty in accepting the situation. difficult Elizabeth the situation. 9. Paul is employed by Sony, isn't he? works Paul he? 10. You ought to fasten your seat-belt before driving away. without You shouldn't your seat-belt. 9 1. I couldn't warn you because I didn't know about it myself. warned I could had known about it myself. 2. The reason she found out about it was that he told his sister. if She wouldn't have found out about it his sister. 3. Not realizing how unhappy she was, he spent very little time with her. would He with her if he had known how unhappy she was. 4. I lost her phone number so I never saw her again. have I would , I hadn't lost her phone number. 5. We're not living together any more because she went away to university. still We , if she hadn't gone away to university. 6. She didn't take the trouble to find out why so she doesn't understand. had She taken the trouble to find out why. 7. Thank you for allowing me to use your dictionary. letting Thanks for dictionary. 8. Excuse me, aren't you employed by the council? work Excuse me the council? 9. You are advised not,to do that again. better You that again. 10.The service given by the bank has improved recently improvements. lately The bank service. 10 1. I started revising earlier so I could do more work. order I started revising earlier do more work. 2. During the Speaking exam, the examiner fills in your mark sheet. have You in by the examiner during the Speaking exam. 3. He invented an illness in order to avoid having to go to school. so He invented an illness to go to school. 4. I'd better do this exercise now because there might not be time later. case I'd better do this exercise now time later. 5. He arranged for them to send him the book by post. had He to him by post. 6. He was offered a job but rejected it so that he could carry on with his studies. turned He was offered a job but order to carry on with his studies. 7. My watch needs to be mended before I take the exam. must I before I take the exam. 8. They mark our written work in Cambridge. marked We in Cambridge. 9. Read the instructions first in order to save time later. as Read the instructions first waste time later. 10. A member of your family can collect your certificate. have You by a member of your family. 11 1. 'Will you be quiet!'she said to the children. told She quiet. 2. "Would you like to come to my party, Mary?", the boy said. invited The boy party. 3. 'Why don't you come here in the spring?', he said to them. advised He in the spring. 4. 'I'll ring her tomorrow,' he said. promised He , the day after. 5. 'Let's go to this bar here,' my friend said. suggested My friend bar there. 6. 'Honestly, I've never met him before,' she said. denied She him before. 7. 'Are you coming here this evening, Julia?' said Chris. asked Chris going there that evening. 8. 'Don't go too near the edge,' their father sajd. warned Their father too near the edge. 9. "I don't know if I believe him or not,' said Jenny. wondered Jenny believed him. 10. 'You took it without paying for it, didn't you?' the shopkeeper said to her. accused The shopkeeper without paying for it. 12 1. It was too cold for anyone to work. so It was work. 2. It is such a boring job that people leave after a few weeks. bored People who do that job leave after a few weeks. 3. The afternoon was so hot that the road surface melted. such It that the road surface melted. 4. He had too much pride to admit he had made a mistake. so He was not admit he had made a mistake. 5. It was too foggy for us to see a thing. much There was that we couldn't see a thing. 6. I didn't know the office was so far from the city centre. such I didn't know the office was the city centre. 7. Heavy rain caused the river to rise quickly. so The river quickly if there hadn't been heavy rain. 8. They don't give us enough time to do a proper job. little We are given can't do a proper job. 9. The salary he got from that company was so low that he resigned. such That company salary that he resigned. 10. He lost his job because of the serious economic crisis. so If the economic crisis he would not have lost his job. 13 1. Keyboards like that are too small to use. big Keyboards like that to use. 2. I've never seen such good graphics. ever These graphics are seen. 3. I'll speak to them during our stay here. staying I'll speak to them here. 4. There will be too much data on that disk. space There on that disk. 5. I'm sorry but this game isn't much fun. enjoying I'm sorry but this game much. 6. Nobody in the team plays as skilfully as she does. player She is in the team. 7. ‘There is a slow improvement in his condition,’ say the doctors. getting He say the doctors. 8. You shouldn't go to so much trouble. need There is go to so much trouble. 9. He didn't run fast enough, did he? too He he? 10. I was less impressed by their performance than I'd hoped. not Their performance was I'd hoped. 14 1. He hasn't got the intelligence to be a programmer. intelligent He to be a programmer. 2. The team members have never been so fit before. fitter The team members are been before. 3. There is a continual rise in the number of club members this year. rising The number of club members this year. 4. Although she was alone she still enjoyed the meal. spite She still enjoyed the meal alone. 5. The only reason I watch this show at all is because I like the dancers. watch If I didn't iike the dancers in this show, I at all. 6. Players are allowed to pick up the ball but they must not run with it. provided Players are aiiowed to pick up the ball run with it. 7. I bet your brother's still watching television. must You brother television. 8. She started to train there over six months ago. training She over six months. 9. Because the sculpture weighed so much, we couldn't carry it. heavy The sculpture was carry. 10. Do you only come here because you're on your own at home? if Would you come here yourself at home? 15 1. Playing tennis always makes me feel tired. get If I tired. 2. Perhaps those two women don't really like each other. might Those women…………………………………………………………… 3. I last went there when I was a child. been I I was a child. 4. They were once known everywhere as the top team. used They as the top team. 5. It seems that there is a gradual fall in the number of complaints. falling The number of complaints it seems. 6. if they don't improve a lot soon they're bound to lose. better They're bound to lose unless soon. 7. Please don't shout every time you want a drink. mind Would every time you want a drink? 8. 'Do you know where we are?' he asked me, as the fog closed in. knew He asked me if as the fog closed in. 9. They are letting the well-known gang leader out of prison tomorrow. released The well-known gang leader prison tomorrow 10. It was only because of your help that I got over the experience. never If you hadn't helped got over the experience. 16 1. In those days she usually stayed at home in the evenings. use In those days she out in the evenings. 2. There are too many people for so few resources. enough There are many people. 3. They carried on climbing despite such heavy snow. although They carried on climbing heavily. 4. They only sign agreements because they don't have to stick to them. if They wouldn't sign agreements to them. 5 In spite of the expense, the train is still the best way to travel. even The train is still the best way to travel expensive. 6 If he doesn't have a break immediately, he'll end up exhausted. unless He'll end up exhausted break. 7. Despite his age, he's still working. retired He despite his age. 8. Unless we get the tickets soon they'll all be sold out. if The tickets will all be sold out them soon. 9. He regrets not studying more before the exam. wishes He before the exam. 10. Your hair really needs cutting. must You really cut. 17 1. Angela regrets not seeing that film. wishes Angela that film. 2. "Where did you buy your dress?' Janice asked her sister. where Janice asked her sister dress. 3. My mother wouldn't give me permission to go to the disco. let My mother to the disco. 4. 'Why don't you buy a bigger house, Sue?' said Amos. should Amos suggested a bigger house. 5. It's possible that the building was burgled after midnight. may The building after midnight. 6. John's students always respected him. looked John by his students. 7. 'It's your fault the cat died, George," said Lucy. blamed Lucy of the cat. 8. Jeremy got sunburnt because he fell asleep on the beach. if Jeremy wouldn't have got sunburnt asleep on the beach. 9. A phrasebook's a good idea because you might need to ask for directions. case A phrasebook's a good idea ask for directions. 10. It's impossible to lend you any more money, I'm afraid. question Lending you any more money I'm afraid. 18 1. "Please come back tomorrow." mind "Would tomorrow?" 2. "I don't want to give you a prescription," the doctor said. rather "I a prescription," the doctor said. 3. It turned out to be unnecessary to perform the operation. need They found they the operation. 4. "It would be a good idea if you didn't stay up so late," Mary said to Tom. try Mary advised Tom bed earlier. 5. "You'd better have a few days at home," the doctor told Tom. stay The doctor home for a few days. 6. Mary gave the doctor a careful explanation of everything. explained Mary very carefully. 7. They failed to find the cause of Mary's illness. succeed They out why Mary was ill. 8. It's a pity she was ill during the holiday. wish I ill during the holiday. 9. The hospital should have written to you by now. time It's to you. 10. No one likes her particularly. liked She is very much. 19 1. The guests really can't stand any more of that bad cooking! put The bad cooking is too much for the guests more! 2. Is there any reason to go out to eat tonight? point Can you to a restaurant tonight? 3. Everybody seems happy to go on eating fast food for ever. fed It seems nobody fast food. 4. One of the customers left before the bill arrived. cleared One of the customers for his meal. 5. If you enjoy a certain food, experts advise you to eat less of it! cut Experts always want , on any food you enjoy. 6. He cancelled the dinner party because everybody was ill. called As everybody was ill, the dinner party. 7. It's been so busy i haven't had time to eat today. bite I've been too busy to eat today. 8. Have we got anything if we find that some of the guests are vegetarians? turns If anyone a vegetarian, what can we give them? 9. The boy's story obviously did not deceive him. taken He was obviously what the boy said. 10. They'll just have to accept ice-cream if the recipe doesn't work. make If the recipe's no good, they can always ice-cream. 20 1. "I didn't bring any money," said Michael. forgotten Michael said that any money. 2 .They only pay well because the work is boring. if They wouldn't pay well boring. 3. Martha was too young to enter the competition. enough Martha to enter the competition. 4. My father hasn't smoked since he was thirty. gave My father he was thirty. 5. The neighbours' ail-night parties were too much for me, so I moved. put I moved because I the neighbours' all-night parties. 6. He didn't feel very well but he went to work. spite He went to work very well. 7. "Is it raining?" asked Michael. know Michael wanted to raining. 8. The darkness made it almost impossible to see. hardly We it was so dark. 9. By the time you get here they will have repaired the computer. put The computer by the time you get here. 10. It isn't necessary for anyone to work late tonight. has Tonight work late. 21 1. They say that this building is nearly 200 years old. said This building nearly 200 years old. 2. That was the best dancing she'd ever seen! better She'd that. 3. He doesn't want to see anybody at all for the rest of the day. rather He anybody at all for the rest of the day. 4. "I like wild strawberries very much!" said Angela. fond Angela said that wild strawberries. 5. We climbed a long way to get to the top of the hill. climb It to get to the top of the hill. 6. Take an umbrella - it might start raining later tonight. case Take an umbrella raining later tonight. 7 You couldn't see the cars ahead properly because of the fog. difficult The fog the cars ahead properly. 8. She never fails to support her brother when people attack his views. stands She her brother when people attack his views. 9. Nigel should leave soon if he's catching the 10.20 train. had Nigel if he's catching the 10.20 train. 10. It's a shame nobody went to say goodbye to them at the airport. see It's a shame nobody went at the airport. 22 1. She owns all this land now. belongs All now. 2. Alexis has decided that he'll go on Tuesday. planning Alexis go on Tuesday. 3. Our neighbour says he definitely won't return the ball. keeping Our neighbour says he the ball. 4. Organized activities don't interest Eva very much. interested Eva , organized activities. 5. Our plane's departure time is 10.00 a.m. takes Our plane 10.00 am. 6. It you run every day, your breathing improves quickly. running Daily your breathing. 7. Which games is she particularly good at, Mrs Kay? play Which games , Mrs Kay? 8. I have arranged a brief meeting with him at 5 pm. seeing I at 5 pm. 9. I'll finish this job and then I'll phone you back. soon I'll phone you back this job. 10. Our team regularly loses matches here. losing Our team here. 23 1. It's not common for women to be racing drivers. seldom Racing drivers women. 2. Well-known artists are regular visitors to his workshop. visit Well-known artists workshop. 3. It's unusual for Jane to lose at backgammon. hardly Jane at backgammon. 4. It's rare for my sister to take a holiday. goes My sister holiday. 5. There are few weekends when Steve isn't fishing. always Steve at weekends. 6. It'd be a good idea for you to come with us next Sunday. ought Next Sunday with us. 7. Photography is not allowed in the museum. photographs You in the museum. 8. Is leaving everything here really necessary? left Does everything here? 9. There's no need for you to do any work if you don't feel like it. have If you don't feel like it do any work. 10. It isn't always necessary to be a member of the club. need You be a member of the club. 24 1. I won't stay if you don't apologize immediately. long I'll only apologize immediately. 2. You can eat sweets but you must always brush your teeth afterwards. provided You can eat sweets your teeth afterwards. 3. If you don't get dressed right away we'll go without you. put Unless right away we'll go without you. 4. We only eat there because the prices are so low. charge If they low prices we wouldn't eat there. 5. I won't eat any more cake because I'm full. full If I eat some more cake. 6. If that noise doesn't stop soon I won't feel like eating. put That noise will it stops soon. 7. I'll only leave the waiter some money if he's quick. tip I won't he's quick. 8. Take my advice and don't drink so much whisky! if I'd drink you! 9. They are not even allowed to wear earrings at that school. let That school wear earrings. 10. We are being transferred to different premises next month. moving They to different premises next month. 25 1. Phone me tomorrow please. give Please tomorrow, 2. What is the subject of your lecture tomorrow? talk What are tomorrow? 3. There is a conference here today. taking A conference today. 4. Do politics interest you? take Do you politics? 5. My wife had twins last week. gave Last week twins. 6. I spent an hour doing this exercise. took It to do this exercise. 7. Get in my car. I'll take you to the station. give Let me to the station. 8. When my mother was ill, I looked after her. took I when she was ill. 9. Lately I've had problems with my back. trouble My back lately. 10. There were three participants in the discussion. took Three people the discussion. 26 1. Unfortunately. I haven't got enough money to go on holiday this year. afford I wish on holiday this year. 2. You never clean the bath when you've finished! wish I. the bath when you've finished! 3. Pete regrets forgetting to send Sally a Valentine card. remembered Pete wishes Sally a Valentine card. 4. "It wasn't a good idea to go to bed so late,' said Justin, yawning. earlier 'I wish I ,' said Justin, yawning. 5 'I'd love to be the same height as my sister,' said Jodie enviously. tall Jodie wishes her sister. 6. I regret telling John about my plan. only If John. 7. I haven't watched TV for ages, so I'm not sure what's happened in the story. ago The last time I so I'm not sure what's happened in the story. 8. When was the last time you had a check-up? long How had a check-up? 9. It's more than six months since I went to the dentist. for I haven't more than six months. 10. I haven't seen Henry since 1994. time The last in 1994. [...]... OR not made any mention 3 how/what/the way I would feel 4 you had followed my instructions 5 no desire to spend/waste 6 occasions when I wish 7 exchanged it for one/a book better 8 the suggestion with caution 9 take up too much/a lot of 10 has a reputation as/for being OR has the reputation of being 3 1 during my stay 2 what my hotel was called 3 of us found it surprising 4 [me] if/whether I belonged... him into a confident 4 1 why he [had) behaved in 2 live up to your expectation 3 are said to do you 4 the fact that I worked 5 threatened to leave unless 6 my fault [that] you make/made 7 in siience because/as/since we were 8 you had better hurry or/otherwise 9 up a fair amount/knowledge/bit of 10 can't stand it when/if 1 gave a detailed description/acount 2 you a ring/call the moment 3 was meant to... the death 8 if he hadn't fallen 9 in case you need to 10 is out of the question 18 1 you mind coming 2 would rather not give you 3 didn't need to perform/do 4 to try going to 5 told Tom to stay at 6 explained everything to the doctor 7 didn't succeed in finding 8 she hadn't been iis 9 time the hospital wrote 10 not liked by anyone/anybody 19 1 to put up with eny 2 see any point in 3 ever gets fed up... make do with 20 1 he had forgotten to bring 2 if the work wasn't/weren't 3 wasn't old enough 4 gave up smoking when 5 couldn't put up with 6 in spite of not feeling 7 know if it was 8 could hardly see because 9 will have been put right 10 no one/nobody has [got] to 21 1 is said to be 2 never seen dancing better than/better dancing than 3 would rather not see 4 she was [very] fond of 5 m was a long climb . supposed Paris a wonderful city. 10 The workers only complain because of the unfair treatment. fairly If the workers they wouldn't complain. 8 1. "Would you like to go out for a meal?". objection What's Jackie to the party? 5. Tony demanded to complain to the hotel manager personally. insisted Tony his complaint to the hotel manager personally. 6. He's very good at. training She over six months. 9. Because the sculpture weighed so much, we couldn't carry it. heavy The sculpture was carry. 10. Do you only come here because you're on your own at home?