VIETNAM NATIONAL UNIVERSITY, HANOI UNIVERSITY OF LANGUAGES AND INTERNATIONAL STUDIES DEPARTMENT OF POST – GRADUATE STUDIES ĐÀO THỊ MINH TÂN A SYSTEMIC FUNCTIONAL PERSPECTIVE ON THE MEANING AND STRUCTURE OF THE STORY “THE SELFISH GIANT” BY OSCAR WILDE BÌNH DIỆN NGỮ PHÁP CHỨC NĂNG HỆ THỐNG VỀ CẤU TRÚC VÀ NGỮ NGHĨA CỦA TRUYỆN NGẮN “GÃ KHỔNG LỒ ÍCH KỶ” CỦA OSCAR WILDE M A MINOR THESIS Field: English Linguistics Code: 60 22 15 HANOI, 2011 VIETNAM NATIONAL UNIVERSITY, HANOI UNIVERSITY OF LANGUAGES AND INTERNATIONAL STUDIES DEPARTMENT OF POST – GRADUATE STUDIES  ĐÀO THỊ MINH TÂN A SYSTEMIC FUNCTIONAL PERSPECTIVE ON THE MEANING AND STRUCTURE OF THE STORY “THE SELFISH GIANT” BY OSCAR WILDE (BÌNH DIỆN NGỮ PHÁP CHỨC NĂNG HỆ THỐNG VỀ CẤU TRÚC VÀ NGỮ NGHĨA CỦA TRUYỆN NGẮN “GÃ KHỔNG LỒ ÍCH KỶ” CỦA OSCAR WILDE) M.A MINOR THESIS Field: English Linguistics Code: 60 22 15 Supervisor: Prof Dr Hoàng Văn Vân Hanoi, 2011 iv TABLE OF CONTENTS DECLARATION …………………………………………………………… i ABSTRACT …………………………………………………………… ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ………………………………………………… iii TABLE OF CONTENTS ……………………………………………… iv LIST OF TABLES …………………………………………………………… vii CHAPTER I: INTRODUCTION 1 Rationale of the study Aims of the study Scope of the study Methods of the study Design of the study CHAPTER II: LITERATURE REVIEW Introduction Theories of systemic functional grammar 2.1 The Transitivity structure ………………………… 2.1.1 Material processes 2.1.2 Relational processes: …………………… 2.1.3 Mental processes……… 2.1.4 Verbal processes… 2.1.5 Behavioural processes 2.1.6 Existential processes 2.1.7 Circumstances: …………………………………… 10 2.2 The Mood structure 11 v 2.3 The thematic structure ………………………… 12 2.4 Cohesion ……………… 18 2.4.1 Grammatical cohesion 18 2.4.1.1 Reference……… …… 18 2.4.1.2 Conjunction……… 19 2.4.1.3 Ellipsis…………… 19 2.4.1.4 Substitution: 19 2.4.2 Lexical Cohesion 20 2.4.2.1 Repetition 20 2.4.2.2 Synonymy 20 2.4.2.3 Antonymy…… 21 2.4.2.4 Hyponomy 21 2.4.2.5 Meronymy 21 2.4.2.6 Collocation 21 CHAPTER III: THE MEANING AND STRUCTURE OF THE STORY “THE SELFISH GIANT” Introduction 22 The Context of the Chosen Text 22 Clauses and Clause Complexes 22 The analysis of the text in terms of Transitivity, Mood and Theme 23 4.1.The Transitivity Pattern 23 4.2.The Mood Pattern 25 4.3.The Theme – Rheme Pattern 26 The Cohesion of the Text 27 vi 5.1 Grammatical Cohesion 27 5.1.1 Reference 27 5.1.2 Conjunctive Devices 31 5.1.3 Substitution………… 32 5.2 Lexical Cohesion 32 5.3 Contextual Configuration of the text 38 CHAPTER IV: CONCLUSION 40 4.1 Recapitulation 40 4.2 Implication of the Paper 40 4.3 Suggestions for Further Study 41 References ……………………………………………………………………… 42 Appendix …………………………………………………………………… I Appendix ………………………………………………………………… … VI Appendix …………………………………………………………………… XIII Appendix …………………………………………………………………… XIX Appendix …………………………………………………………………… XXIV Appendix …………………………………………………………………… XXIX Appendix …………………………………………………………………… XXXIX vii LIST OF TABLES Table A: Process types, Category meaning, and key participants Table B: The main types of circumstances and their features Table C: Themes and features Table 1: Clause and Clause Complexes Analysis Table 2: Clause and Clause Complexes relationship Table 3: Transitivity pattern of the text Table 4: the Mood pattern of the text Table 5: The Thematic pattern of the text Table 6: Grammatical Cohesive Devices of the Text Table 7: The analysis of the text in terms of Transitivity, Mood and Theme CHAPTER I: INTRODUCTION Rationale There are many grammatical paradigms and each of them views language from different perspectives And among those, systemic functional grammar is a very new trend which has not been known much in Vietnam Up till now, there have been only two works which study functional grammar The first is Tiếng Việt – Sơ thảo ngữ pháp chức by Cao Xuân Hạo (1991) and the second is Ngữ pháp kinh nghiệm cú Tiếng Việt – mô tả theo quan điểm chức hệ thống by Hoàng Văn Vân (2002) Both of them have contributed much to the study of this field and brought the paradigm which has not yet been highlighted in Vietnamese schools closer to Vietnamese learners In contrast to traditional grammars that place importance on language form, systemic functional grammar (SFG) emphasizes how language is used to express meaning i.e it focuses on the functions of language Moreover, SFG interprets language as interrelated sets of options for making meaning and seeks to provide a clear relationship between functions and grammatical systems (Halliday, 1994) It is closer to our language in daily life, and thus can help us to see and understand human language more deeply and comprehensively It can be said without exaggeration that functional grammar is „an effective tool of analysis, which solves the issues left out by traditional grammar‟ In addition to that, functional grammar also offers us an analytical tool of looking at the whole text and the grammatical features which are typical characteristic of that kind of text For the above-mentioned reasons, I have decided to choose “A systemic functional perspectives on the meaning and structure of the story „The selfish Giant‟ by Oscar Wilde” as the topic of my thesis, using Halliday‟s functional grammar as the theoretical framework Aims of the study Within the framework of the paper, the study attempts to:  Re-examine some of the most important issues related to the experiential, interpersonal and textual aspect of language  Analyze the meaning and structure of the story “The selfish Giant” by Oscar Wilde based on the systemic functional module Scope of the study The study does not attempt to cover all aspects of functional grammar but limits itself to some main areas of functional grammar In other words, only issues relating to the analysis of the text are taken into consideration These are transitivity structure, mood structure, theme – rheme system and cohesion The text used for illustration is the short story “The selfish Giant” by Oscar Wilde Methods of the study: The aim of this paper is to analyze the meanings and structures of a short story Therefore, description and analysis are the principle methods of the study The descriptive method is concerned with the description of main areas of functional grammar The analytic method is concerned with the analysis of the text Design of the Study The paper is designed in four chapters  Chapter one: Introduction – presents the rationale of the study, the aims of the study, scope of the study, methods of the study and the research design of the study  Chapter two: Literature review – provides some fundamental and theoretical concepts for the study: systemic functional theory, metafunctions, and cohesion analysis  Chapter three: The study of the text “The selfish Giant” focuses on the meaning and structure of the text  The last chapter: Conclusion – summarizes the results of the study CHAPTER II: LITERATURE REVIEW Introduction This chapter attempts to provide a theoretical orientation for the study We shall be concerned with systemic functional theory and some features of systemic functional grammar In addition, we shall present briefly three components of meaning in language and cohesion analysis Theories of Systemic Functional Grammar Systemic functional grammar is a grammar model developed by M.A.K Halliday (1994) which takes a functional approach to grammar, analyzing language as a social-semiotic of communicative meaning-making Language and interaction are defined by context and this model seeks to show how contextual meaning is expressed in grammar SFG is „systemic‟ in that grammar consists of a series of choices that can be made in order to express ideas; in other words, language represents a system network within which language choices are meaningful in relation to other choices that are suppressed It is „functional‟ in that the systems achieve certain functions which are realized in the lexico-grammar of the language There are three „metafunctions‟ which form the basic foundation on which systemic functional grammar (SFG) is based These functions are labelled as ideational; interpersonal, and textual Each of the three metafunctions is about a different aspect of the world, and is concerned with a different mode of meaning of clauses While all three metafunctions act together to produce meaning, in SFG they each have their own grammatical system  The ideational metafunction consists of the experiential and logical metafunction The experiential metafunction is about the natural world, that means it shows the way language is used to express our perception of the world, and explains how we use language to describe „doings‟ and „happenings‟ Experiential metafunction is concerned with clauses as representation The experiential metafunction reflects the field parameter of register Experiential meanings are realized through the system of TRANSITIVITY which is realized as „processes‟ in a verb phrase constituent and its associated participants  The interpersonal metafunction is about the social world, especially the relationship between speaker and hearer, and is concerned with clauses as exchange As Halliday (1994: 68) puts it: “The most fundamental types of speech role, which lie behind all the more specific types that we may eventually be able to recognize, are just two (i) giving, and (ii) demanding” This means there are two roles in exchange: giving and demanding He goes on to analyze the nature of the commodity being exchanged into (a) goods-and-service and (b) information The MOOD realizes this metafunction and elements of modality, tense and polarity are taken into account  The textual metafunction is about the verbal world, especially the flow of information in a text It organizes clauses as messages realized by speakers who arrange the ways in which the various groups and phrases in the clause are ordered with the THEME system The THEME system includes Theme and Rheme The Theme is the element which serves as the point of departure of the message, and the Rheme is the part in which the Theme is developed 2.1 The Transitivity structure Transitivity is the semantic category which expresses what the clause is about In Halliday‟s terms, transitivity is a part of the ideational function of the clause The ideational function of the clause is concerned with the “transmission of ideas.” Its function is that of “representing „processes‟ or „experiences‟: actions, events, processes of consciousness and relations” (1985:53) The term “process” is used in an…extended sense, “to cover all phenomena…and anything that can be expressed by a verb- event, whether physical or not, state, or relation” (Halliday, 1976:159) Halliday further notes that the “processes” expressed through language are the product of our conception of the world or point of view He notes “Our most powerful conception of reality is that it consists of “goings-on”: of doing, happening, feeling, being These goings-on are sorted out in the semantic system of the language, and expressed through the grammar of the clause… The clause evolved simultaneously in another grammatical function expressing the reflective, experiential aspect of meaning This…is the system of TRANSITIVITY Transitivity specifies the different types of process that are recognized in the language, and the structures by which they are expressed (Halliday, 1985:101)” Transitivity processes can be classified into material, relational, mental, verbal, behavioral, and existential processes, according to whether they represent processes of doing, being, sensing, saying, behaving, or existing, respectively All types of processes are subsumed under the basic semantic framework consisting of three components: i) the process itself, which will be expressed by the verb phrase in a clause ii) the participants in the process, which refer to the roles of entities that are directly involved in the process : the one that does, behaves or says, together with the passive one that is - LXXIV - 149 Transitivity Mood Theme 150 Transitivity Mood Theme He Carrier Subject Mood Theme was Process: relational Finite Predicator Residue Rheme what Goal Complement Residue Theme he Actor Subject Mood Rheme So Theme Textual 152 Transitivity Mood and Theme Textual 153 Transitivity Mood and Theme Textual went out Process: material Finite Predicator Mood Residue Rheme 154 Transitivity Mood But when Theme Textual Textual 155 they Transitivity Mood Senser Subject Mood Theme 157 Transitivity and crept Downstairs Process: material Circumstance Finite Predicator Adjunct Residue Rheme opened Process: material Finite Predicator Mood Residue Rheme were the front door Goal Complement quite softly Circumstance Adjunct into the garden Circumstance Adjunct the children Senser Subject Mood Theme so frightened Process: mental Finite Predicator Residue Rheme the garden Identified very sorry for Attribute Complement Residue had Done Process: material Finite Predicator Residue 151 Transitivity Mood Theme he Actor Subject Mood Theme really Circumstance Mood adjunct Mood saw Him Process: mental Phenomenon Finite Predicator Complement Residue Rheme 156) that they all ran away Textual Actor Subject Mood Theme Process: material Finite Predicator Residue Rheme became Process: relational winter Identifier again Circumstance - LXXV - Mood Theme Textual 158 Transitivity Mood Only Theme Textual 159 Transitivity Mood for Theme Textual 160 Transitivity Mood that Theme Textual 161 Transitivity Mood And Theme Textual 162 Transitivity Mood and Theme Textual 163 Transitivity Mood and Theme Textual 164 Transitivity Mood And Theme Textual Subject Mood Theme Mood adjunct Finite Predicator Complement Adjunct Residue Rheme the little boy Actor Subject Mood Theme did not run, Process: material Finite Predicator Residue Rheme his eyes Carrier Subject Mood Theme were so full of tears Process: relational Attribute Finite Predicator Complement Residue Rheme he Senser Subject Mood Theme did not see Process: mental Finite Predicator Residue Rheme the Giant Actor Subject Mood Theme stole up Process: material Finite Predicator Residue Rheme the Giant coming Phenomenon Complement behind him Circumstance Adjunct took him gently in his hand, Process: material Goal Circumstance Circumstance Finite Predicator Complement Adjunct Adjunct Mood Residue Rheme put Process: material Finite Predicator Mood Residue Rheme the tree Actor Subject Mood Theme him up into the tree Goal Circumstance Circumstance Complement Adjunct Adjunct broke at once into blossom, Process: material Circumstance Circumstance Finite Predicator Adjunct Adjunct Residue Rheme - LXXVI - 165 and Transitivity Mood Theme the birds Actor Subject Mood Textual Theme 167 Transitivity Mood and Theme Textual 168 and Transitivity Mood came 166) and sang Process: material Finite Predicator Residue Rheme Textual the little boy Actor Subject Mood Theme on it, Process: Circumstance behavioural Finite Predicator Adjunct Mood Residue Rheme stretched out his two arms Process: material Goal Finite Predicator Complement Residue Rheme flung them round the Giant's neck, Process: material Goal Circumstance Finite Predicator Complement Adjunct Theme 169 and Transitivity Mood Theme Textual kissed Process: material Finite Predicator Mood Residue Rheme Him Goal Complement 170 Transitivity Mood And the other children, Actor Subject when Theme Textual Theme Textual 171 Transitivity Mood that Theme Textual 172 came running the Giant Carrier Subject Mood Theme they Senser Subject Mood Theme Saw Process:mental Finite Predicator Residue Rheme was not wicked any longer, Process: relational Attribute Circumstance Finite Predicator Complement Adjunct Residue Rheme back, Transitivity Process: material Circumstance Mood Finite Predicator Adjunct Mood Residue 173) and with them came the Spring Circumstance Process: material Actor Adjunct Finite Predicator Subject Mood - LXXVII - Theme Rheme 174 "It Transitivity Identified Mood Subject Theme textual Theme is your garden now little children," Process: Identifier Circumstance relational Finite Predicator Complement Adjunct Theme 175 Residue Rheme said the Giant, Transitivity Process: verbal Sayer Mood Finite Predicator Subject Residue Theme Mood Rheme 177 Transitivity Mood and Theme Textual 178 And Textual 179 they Transitivity Mood Senser Subject Mood Theme Theme 180 Transitivity Mood he when Textual the people Textual took Actor Subject Mood Theme Rheme the wall Goal Complement were going to market at twelve o'clock Process: material Circumstance Circumstance Finite Predicator Adjunct Adjunct Residue Rheme found the Giant playing with the children Process: mental Phenomenon Finite Predicator Complement Residue Rheme Theme they Senser Subject Mood Theme 181 Transitivity All day long Circumstance a great axe Actor Process: material Goal Subject Finite Predicator Complement Mood Residue knocked down Process: material Finite Predicator Mood Residue Rheme Transitivity Mood Theme 176) and had Process: Finite ever Circumstance Mood adjunct in the most garden Circumstance Adjunct seen - mental Predicator Residue Rheme they Actor played, Process: material beautiful - LXXVIII - Mood Adjunct Subject Mood Finite Predicator Residue Theme Theme (marked ) 182 Transitivity Mood and Theme in the evening Circumstance Adjunct Residue Textual Theme (marked) 183 to bid Transitivity Process: vebal Mood Predicator Residue Theme Rheme 184 Transitivity Mood Rheme But they Actor Subject Mood Rheme came to the Giant Process: material Circumstance (direction) Finite Predicator Adjunct Residue him Target Complement good-bye Verbiage Complement where is your little companion?" Circumstance Process: relational Carrier Adjunct Finite Predicator Subject Mood Residue Theme Theme 185 he said: Transitivity Sayer Process: verbal Mood Subject Finite Predicator Mood Residue 186) "the boy Goal Complement Residue Theme Rheme 187 Transitivity Mood Rheme I put into the tree." Actor Process: material Circumstance Subject Finite Predicator adjunct Mood Residue The Giant Senser Subject Mood Theme loved him Process: mental Phenomenon Finite Predicator Complement Residue Rheme 188 Transitivity Mood because Theme Textual he Actor Subject Mood Theme 189 "We Theme don't had kissed Process: material Finite Predicator Residue Rheme know," 190) answered the best Circumstance Adjunct him Goal Complement the children; - LXXIX - Transitivity Mood Senser Subject Mood Theme Theme 191 Transitivity Mood "he Actor Subject Mood Rheme Theme 192 Transitivity Mood Theme 193 Transitivity "You Sayer Subject Mood Theme and Mood Process: mental Finite Predicator Residue has gone Process: material Finite Predicator Residue must tell Process: verbal Finite Predicator Residue come Process: material Predicator Residue Theme But Theme Textual 196 that Transitivity Mood here tomorrow," 194) said Circumstance Circumstance Process: verbal Adjunct Adjunct Theme 198 Transitivity Mood Theme 199 the children Sayer Subject Mood Theme they Senser Subject Mood Textual Theme and Textual and away Circumstance Adjunct him to be sure Receiver Complement Theme 195 Transitivity Mood Process: verbal Sayer Finite Predicator Subject Residue Mood Rheme Mood Rheme 197) where Circumstance Adjunct Residue Theme never seen Circumstance - mental Mood Predicator adjunct Residue the Giant Finite Predicator Subject Residue Mood Rheme said Process: verbal Finite Predicator Residue Rheme did not know Process: mental Finite Predicator Residue Rheme had Process Finite the Giant Sayer felt he lived, Actor Process: material Subject Finite Predicator Mood Residue Rheme him before; Phenomenon Circumstance Complement Adjunct very sad - LXXX - Transitivity Mood Theme Carrier Subject Mood Theme Textual 200 Every afternoon, Transitivity Circumstance Mood Theme when the children Transitivity Actor Mood Subject Mood Theme Theme But Mood Process: material Finite Predicator Residue Rheme Textual the whom little boy Pheno Phenomenon menon the Giant Residue 205 Transitivity Mood Theme 206 Transitivity Mood 202) and over, Process: Attribute relational Finite Predicator Adjunct Residue Subject Mood came Textua Them l e was Circumstance Carrier Subjec Compleme t nt Transitivit y Theme school Adjunct Adjunct Residue Theme (marked) Rheme 201 203+ 204 Process: relational Attribute Finite Predicator Complement Residue Rheme played with the Giant Process: material Circumstance Finite Predicator Adjunct Mood Residue Rheme loved was never Senser Process: mental Pro - Subjec Finit t e Finit e Circum -cess: Cir -stance menta cu l mstan ce Mood Predi- Adadjunct cator jun ct Residue Mood Mood Predi cator seen Residu e Rheme The Giant Carrier Subject Mood Theme was Process: relational Finite Predicator Residue Rheme yet he Senser Subject very kind to all the children, Attribute Circumstance Complement Adjunct longed for his first little friend, Process: mental Phenomenon Finite Predicator Complement aga in - LXXXI - Theme Textual 207 Transitivity Mood and Theme Textual 208 Transitivity Mood "How Theme he Sayer Subject Mood Rheme Residue Theme 209 Transitivity Mood Mood Theme Theme 210 Transitivity Mood Theme and Theme Textual 212 Transitivity Mood He Actor Subject Mood Theme Theme often Circumstance Mood adjunct Mood Rheme I Senser Subject Mood would like to see Process: mental Finite Predicator Residue him!" Phenomenon Complement say Predicator Residue went over Process: material Finite Predicator Residue Rheme the Giant Carrier Subject Mood Theme grew very old and feeble Process: relational Attribute Finite Predicator Complement Residue Rheme could not play Process: material Finite Predicator Residue Rheme 213 Transitivity so Mood Subject Mood Textual Theme Theme spoke of him Process: verbal Circumstance (matter) Finite Predicator Adjunct Residue used to Process: verbal Finite Years Actor Subject Mood Theme 211 Transitivity Mood Rheme he Behaver about any more, Circumstance Adjunct sat in a huge armchair, Process: Circumstance behavioural Finite Predicator Adjunct Residue Rheme - LXXXII - 214 Transitivity Mood and Theme Textual 215 Transitivity Mood and Theme Textual 216 admired Process: mental Finite Predicator Mood Residue Rheme the children Phenomenon Complement Theme 218 "but Mood have Theme the children Identified Subject Mood Textual Rheme 219 Transitivity One winter morning Circumstance he Behaver Mood Adjunct Residue Theme(marked ) Subject Mood Rheme Transitivity Mood Theme 220 Transitivity Mood as Theme Textual 221 Transitivity He Senser Mood Subject Mood are 217) he Sayer said; Process: verbal Subject Finite Mood Rheme Predicator Residue the most beautiful flowers of all." Process: relational Identifier Finite Predicator Complement Residue he Actor Subject Mood Theme did not Process: mental Finite at their games, Circumstance Adjunct his garden Phenomenon Complement many beautiful flowers," Carrier / Process: reltional Attribute/ possessor possessed Subject Finite Predicator Complement Mood Residue Theme Transitivity "I watched Process: behavioural Finite Predicator Mood Residue Rheme looked out of his window Process: Circumstance behavioural Finite Predicator Adjunct Residue was dressing Process: material Finite Predicator Residue Rheme hate the Winter Phenomenon now, Circumstance Predicator Residue Complement Adjunct - LXXXIII - Theme Theme 222 Transitivity Mood for Theme Textual 223 Transitivity that Mood Theme Rheme he Senser Subject Mood Theme it was merely the Spring asleep, Identified Process: Circumstance Identifier relational Subject Finite Predicator Mood Subject adjunct Mood Textual Theme Rheme 224 Transitivity Mood and that Theme Textual Textual 225 Transitivity Mood Suddenly Circumstance Adjunct Rsidue Theme (marked) Theme 226 Transitivity Mood and Theme Textual 228 Transitivity Mood It Identified Subject Mood Theme Theme 229 Transitivity knew Process: mental Finite Predicator Residue Rheme he Actor Subject Mood Rheme the flowers Carrier Subject Mood Theme rubbed his eyes in wonder, Process: material Goal Circumstance Finite Predicator Complement Adjunct Residue looked 227) and Process: behavioural Finite Predicator Mood Residue Rheme Textual certainly Mood adjunct were resting Process: relational Finite Predicator Residue Rheme looked Process: behavioural Finite Predicator Mood Residue Rheme was a marvellous sight Process: relational Indetifier Finite Predicator Complement Residue Rheme In the farthest was corner of the garden Circumstance Process: existential a tree 230) covered with lovely white blossoms Existent Process: material Circumstance - LXXXIV - Mood Adjunct Residue Finite Predicator Subject Residue Mood Rheme Theme Theme 231 Transitivity Mood Theme Its branches Carrier Subject Mood Theme 232 and Transitivity Mood Theme Textual 233 Transitivity Predicator Residue were Process: relational Finite Predicator Residue Rheme silver fruit Extistent Subject Mood Theme all golden, Attribute Complement down Process: exixtential Finite Predicator Residue Rheme underneath it stood Theme 235 Downstairs Transitivity Mood Circumstance Process: material Actor Adjunct Finite Predicator Subject Residue Residue Mood Theme Rheme Theme ran the Giant 236 He hastened Transitivit y Mood Actor Process: material Subject Finit e Mood Theme 238 Transitivity Theme Rheme And when Predicato r Residue across the grass, Circumstance Adjunct had loved Process: mental Subject Finite Predicator Mood Residue Theme Rheme in great joy, and out into the garden Circumstance Circumstance Adjunct Adjunct Residue 237) and came Process: material Textual he Actor from them, Circumstance Adjunct the little 234) boy he Existent Senser Circumstance Process: existential Adjunct Finite Predicator Subject Residue Residue Mood Textual Theme Rheme Mood Adjunct came Process: material Finit Predicato e r Moo Residue d Rheme quite close Circumstance near to the child Circumstance Adjunct - LXXXV - Mood Theme Textual Textual 239 Transitivity Mood his face Carrier Subject Mood Theme Theme 240 and Theme 242 Transitivity Mood Theme 243 Transitivity Finite Predicator Adjunct Residue Rheme grew Process: relational Finite Predicator Residue Rheme red Attribute Complement he said, Sayer Transitivity Mood Subject Mood Theme Process: Verbal Finite Predicator Subject Residue Mood Rheme Subject Mood Textual Theme 241) "Who Actor with anger, Circumstance Adjunct hath dared to thee?" wound Process: material Goal Finite Predicator Complement Residue For on the palms of the child's were the prints of two hands nails Circumstance Process: Existent exixtential Adjunct Finite Predicator Subject Mood Residue Textual Theme (marked ) Rheme and Mood Theme Textual 244 the prints of two nails Existent Subject Mood Theme were on the little feet Process: Circumstance existential Finite Predicator Adjunct Residue Rheme "Who Theme hath dared to thee?" 245) cried the Giant; wound Actor Process: material Goal Process: verbal Sayer Subject Finite Predicator Complement Finite Predicator Subject Mood Residue Residue Mood Theme (marked ) Rheme 246 "tell me, Transitivity Process: verbal Receiver Transitivity Mood 247) that I may take Actor Process: material my sword Goal big - LXXXVI - Mood Theme Predicator Residue Rheme 248 Transitivity Mood and Theme "Nay!" Subject Finite Predicator Complement Mood Residue Rheme Rheme 249 Transitivity Mood Complement slay Process: material Predicator Residue him." Goal Complement answered Process: verbal Finite Predicator Residue the child; Sayer Subject Mood Theme Theme 250 Transitivity Mood "but Theme Rheme 251 Transitivity Mood "Who art thou?" 252) said the Giant, Identified Process: relational Identifier Process: verbal Sayer Subject Finite Predicator Complement Finite Predicator Subject Mood Residue Residue Mood Theme Rheme Theme 253 Transitivity Mood and Theme these Identified Subject Mood Rheme 254 Transitivity Mood and Theme And fell Process: material Finite Predicator Residue on him, Circumstance Adjunct Rheme 255 Transitivity Mood a strange awe Actor Subject Mood are the wounds of Love." Process: relational Identifier Finite Predicator Complement Residue he Actor Subject knelt before the little child Process: material Circumstance Finite Predicator Adjunct the child Behaver Subject smiled on the Giant, Process: behavioural Circumstance Finite Predicator Adjunct - LXXXVII - Theme Texual 256 Transitivity Mood and Theme Textual 257 Transitivity Mood "You Agent Mood Theme Subject Residue Rheme said Process: verbal Finite Predicator Mood Residue Rheme let me play Actor Process: material Finite Predicator Theme to-day Circumstance Adjunct Residue Rheme once in your garden, Circumstance Circumstance Adjunct Adjunct Rheme 258 Transitivity Mood to him, Target Complement Theme 259 Transitivity Mood Theme you Actor Subject Mood which Identified Subject Mood Rheme shall come with me to my garden, Process: material Circumstance Circumstance Finite Predicator Adjunct Adjunct Residue is Process: relational Finite Predicator Residue Paradise." Indentifier Complement 260 Transitivity Mood And when Theme Textual Textual 261 Transitivity Mood they Senser Subject Mood Theme found the Giant lying dead Process: mental Phenomenon Finite Predicator Complement Residue Rheme 262 Transitivity Mood all covered Process: material Predicator Residue Theme Rheme Theme the children ran in that afternoon, Actor Process: material Circumstance Subject Finite Predicator Adjunct Mood Residue Theme Rheme with white blossoms Circumstance Adjunct under the tree, Circumstance Adjunct - LXXXVIII - ... AND STRUCTURE OF THE STORY ? ?THE SELFISH GIANT? ?? BY OSCAR WILDE (BÌNH DIỆN NGỮ PHÁP CHỨC NĂNG HỆ THỐNG VỀ CẤU TRÚC VÀ NGỮ NGH? ?A C? ?A TRUYỆN NGẮN “GÃ KHỔNG LỒ ÍCH KỶ” C? ?A OSCAR WILDE) M .A MINOR THESIS... Re-examine some of the most important issues related to the experiential, interpersonal and textual aspect of language  Analyze the meaning and structure of the story ? ?The selfish Giant? ?? by Oscar. .. illustration is the short story ? ?The selfish Giant? ?? by Oscar Wilde Methods of the study: The aim of this paper is to analyze the meanings and structures of a short story Therefore, description and analysis