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[...]... ), 7 Peter Paret, ‘The Genesis of On War , in Carl von Clausewitz: On War, ed and trans Michael Howard and Peter Paret (Princeton: Princeton University Press, ), 8 Linnebach, Karl und Marie von Clausewitz, xii Introduction on war; other important texts were accessible for him only in German translations, where these existed Between and , Clausewitz would have attended some classes,... determination to see it through 44 On War, Book , Chapter , p (Princeton edn.)––passage omitted in this edition ON WAR This page intentionally left blank CONTENTS Two Notes by the Author : What is War? Purpose and Means in War On Military Genius On Danger in War On Physical Effort in War Intelligence in War Friction in War Concluding... catastrophe’, in Eberhard Kessel (ed.), Carl von Clausewitz: Strategie aus dem Jahr mit Zusätzen von und (Hamburg: Hanseatische Verlagsanstalt, ), 5 Karl Linnebach, Karl und Marie von Clausewitz: Ein Lebensbild in Briefen und Tagebuchblaettern (Berlin: Martin Warneck, ), 6 Karl Schwartz, Leben des Generals Carl von Clausewitz und der Frau Marie von Clausewitz geb Gräfin Brühl, vol... population One could also argue that the First and Second World Wars eschewed this neat categorization, as the near-total mobilization of the societies in both wars abolished any meaningful distinction between a war- fighting military and the population, as the latter was fully involved in the war effort But putting excessive emphasis on Clausewitz s secondary trinity of government/military/population as... occupying forces, on the basis of which he later developed his own elaborate policy plans on how Prussia’s peasant population should arise in a Landsturm or popular uprising against Napoleon.31 By contrast, we Linnebach, Karl und Marie von Clausewitz, Clausewitz s ‘Bekenntnisdenkschrift’ of February , in Carl von Clausewitz: Schriften, ed Hahlweg, i –, here esp p 30 31 Introduction xxi have... offensive, developed in Book ; and his focus on war as a function of the policies pursued by the entity fighting it Policies, the political war aims, however, were not the only variable Clausewitz identified as determining the many manifestations of war War as a function of the trinities In developing further his notion of war as a function of other variables, Clausewitz identified a ‘remarkable trinity’... history during Clausewitz s time at the Academy focused on the Wars in the Netherlands from to and to ; the Seven Years War; and the French Revolutionary Wars These would also be the historical wars on which Clausewitz later drew himself, adding only the campaigns of Gustavus Adolphus in the Thirty Years War, on which he wrote a research paper of his own.15 How were these wars studied?... ––he had concentrated on the French Revolutionary and Napoleonic wars in his analysis of war He now felt that this had been an excessive limitation of his focus Hitherto, he had more or less assumed that war would develop in a linear fashion, from the more limited wars of the Ancien Régime described by Guibert to the unbounded raging of war under Napoleon prophesied by Guibert and witnessed by Clausewitz. .. ways of war of to as only one among many paradigms This called for major revisions in his text The last two books that Clausewitz wrote, Books and , reflect this new realization that war was manifold in its real manifestation Clausewitz also revised the existing scripts of Books and But 40 41 Ibid – On War, Book , Chapter , pp – and Chapter , p f xxvi Introduction before... of warfare.28 Clausewitz only noted that the aims pursued by a party in waging war might vary considerably from very limited––the conquest of a hamlet, perhaps, with the mere purpose of using it as a bargaining chip in peace negotiations–– to very extensive––the conquest of a large country Clausewitz was curiously uninterested in exploring, in On War, how ideology determined the extent or limitations . Publication Data Data available Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Clausewitz, Carl von, 1780–1831. [Vom Kriege. English] On war / Carl von Clausewitz ; translated by Michael Howard. Genesis of On War , in Carl von Clausewitz: On War, ed. and trans. Michael Howard and Peter Paret (Princeton: Princeton University Press, ), . 8 Linnebach, Karl und Marie von Clausewitz, . of the phenomenon of war as such. Not only did Clausewitz study historical cases of wars (concen- trating, as we have noted, on the time since the Thirty Years War, i.e. mainly on wars between