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NHỮNG KẾT QUẢ MỚI CỦA LUẬN ÁN 1. Kết quả nghiên cứu của luận án cho thấy hầu hết các nhân vật nữ da đen trong các tác phẩm được chọn đều bị đối xử tồi tệ, vô nhân tính và bị bỏ rơi, bị gạt ra ngoài lề trong xã hội của người da trắng. Họ là những người bị người da trắng, thậm chí cả đồng loại da đen của họ khinh miệt, ruồng bỏ. Họ không được hưởng chút đặc ân nào về mặt sắc tộc, giới tính và thường cam chịu nhẫn nhục trong im lặng.2. Để mưu cầu một cuộc sống có ý nghĩa, không chấp nhận sự áp bức, áp đặt của xã hội, người phụ nữ da đen luôn luôn phản kháng trong mọi tình huống. Họ vùng lên để chống lại cái gọi là truyền thống đã được thiết lập, các qui tắc văn hóa, và đôi khi cả những điều bị cho là cấm trong xã hội phụ quyền của người da trắng. Sự phản kháng của họ bắt nguồn từ tình yêu thương con cái, tình chồng vợ, sự tự do bình đẳng và cái tôi của chính họ.3. Luận án đã chỉ ra rằng những người phụ nữ da đen phản kháng bằng nhiều hình thức khác nhau như bằng lời nói, bằng hành động, bằng vũ khí. Tính chất phản kháng cũng ở các dạng khác nhau, có thể là bạo lực, ôn hòa hoặc ngầm chấp thuận. KHẢ NĂNG ỨNG DỤNG TRONG THỰC TIỄN VÀ NHỮNG VẪN ĐỀ CẦN TIẾP TỤC NGHIÊN CỨU Khả năng ứng dụng trong thực tiễn: Kết quả nghiên cứu của luận án có thể làm nguồn tài liệu tham khảo cho sinh viên ngành Ngữ văn trong chuyên đề Văn học Mỹ đương đại, mang lại cho sinh viên một cái nhìn sâu sắc và toàn diện về việc mưu cầu một cuộc sống gia đình có ý nghĩa thông qua cuộc đời và những trải nghiệm của tác giả và các nhân vật trong các tác phẩm được chọn. Nghiên cứu cũng giúp cho sinh viên nhận ra giá trị chân thật của cuộc sống và có suy nghĩ, hành động tích cực để hướng đến một cuộc sống có ý nghĩa cho bản thân mình và cho xã hội.Bộ Giáo dục và Đào tạo và các cơ sở giáo dục có thể đưa nội dung giáo dục về một cuộc sống gia đình có ý nghĩa vào chương trình giảng dạy.Thiết kế các hoạt động trong chương trình chính khóa để giáo dục cho học sinh, sinh viên về một cuộc sống gia đình có ý nghĩa cho tất cả mọi người, không phân biệt giới tính, sắc tộc, tôn giáo, quốc tịch.Nhận biết được giá trị của một cuộc sống có ý nghĩa từ kết quả nghiên cứu sẽ làm thay đổi suy nghĩ và hành động của sinh viên Việt Nam về một cuộc sống gia đình không có định kiến, không có bạo lực, một cuộc sống ấm no, hạnh phúc, bình đẳng, tiến bộ. Những vấn đề cần tiếp tục nghiên cứu: - Mỗi vấn đề trong nội dung nghiên cứu đều có thể đề xuất làm định hướng nghiên cứu cho các công trình tiếp theo ở mức độ sâu, rộng hơn.- Nghiên cứu khác chuyên sâu hơn hướng đến một cuộc sống có ý nghĩa, có mục đích cho giới trẻ Việt Nam.
i BATANGAS STATE UNIVERSITY Republic of the Philippines THAI NGUYEN UNIVERSITY Socialist Republic of Vietnam INSIGHTS ON PURSUIT FOR MEANINGFUL LIFE IN SELECTED WORKS OF TONI MORRISON A Dissertation Presented to the Faculty of the Graduate School Batangas State University Batangas City, Philippines In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy in English by VU THI QUYNH DUNG (Dzung) June, 2014 ii THAI NGUYEN UNIVERSITY Socialist Republic of Vietnam BATANGAS STATE UNIVERSITY Republic of the Philippines ABSTRACT Title: Insights on Pursuit for a Meaningful Life in Selected Works of Toni Morrison Author: Vũ Thị Quỳnh Dung (Dzung) Course: Doctor of Philosophy major in English and Literature Year: 2014 Adviser: Dr Maria Luisa A Valdez Summary: This dissertation aims at presenting how the selected works of Toni Morrison manifest the sufferings of black women in terms of racial oppression, gender inequality, emotional abandonment, and women’s sufferings; the sources of strengths and motive of women’s resistance as shown in the love between mother and children, husband and wife relationship, freedom and equality, and self-identity; and the manner how the women in the world portrayed in the novels express resistance to the different forms of violence Likewise, it shows the implications of the themes pursued iii THAI NGUYEN UNIVERSITY Socialist Republic of Vietnam BATANGAS STATE UNIVERSITY Republic of the Philippines in the novels to the study of meaningful family life among Vietnamese students In dealing with the works, the qualitative method with content analysis basing on the Sociological and Philosophical Approaches and the theory of Viktor Frankl’s Meaningfulness of Life were employed The study found out that 1) Mostly, the black female characters experienced humiliation and suffered an acute isolation in a white racist society that has marginalized them; 2) Black women always resisted every sort of oppression with different sources of strength and motives; 3) Oppressed women resisted and revolted in various ways, such as verbal, physical, and armed resistance with different manners such as violence, non-violence or acquiescence; and 4) the themes pursued in the novels will change the way Vietnamese students think and act, and foster students to hold campaigns and propaganda focusing on promoting the values of a meaningful family life, a life of prosperity, equality, happiness, progress, a life without prejudice and violence iv THAI NGUYEN UNIVERSITY Socialist Republic of Vietnam BATANGAS STATE UNIVERSITY Republic of the Philippines The dissertation can be used as reference for students of Literature in the Contemporary American Literature course Vietnam’s Ministry of Education and Training, the educational institutions may integrate the insights on the pursuit of meaningful family life in the academe that will also inspire them to spawn activities in the curricula This paper will also make members of the community understand that life is never made unbearable by circumstances, but only by lack of meaning and purpose v THAI NGUYEN UNIVERSITY Socialist Republic of Vietnam BATANGAS STATE UNIVERSITY Republic of the Philippines ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This dissertation appears in its current form due to the assistance and guidance of several people I would like to offer my sincere thanks to them for their assistance and guidance has help me during the whole period of study First and foremost I offer my sincerest gratitude to my supervisor, Dr Maria Luisa A Valdez, who has supported me though out my dissertation with her patience and knowledge whilst allowing me the room to work in my own way I attribute the level of my PhD degree to her encouragement and effort and without her this research, too, would not have been completed or written One simply could not wish for a better or friendlier supervisor I owe my gratitude to Dr Matilda H Dimaano and The Panels for their highly intellectual abilities to give excellent advises and detailed review during the preparation of this study I would like to give expressions to my gratitude to all the teachers of the Graduate School of Batangas State University of the Philippines for their valuable lectures that inspire me to carry out the research vi THAI NGUYEN UNIVERSITY Socialist Republic of Vietnam BATANGAS STATE UNIVERSITY Republic of the Philippines I would like to seize this opportunity to thank the Philippines Government which sends each time with the utmost willingness skilful and qualified teachers to Thai Nguyen University The cooperation between the two countries should be a lesson for other Asian countries to improve education and achieve integration I am indebted to ITC, Thai Nguyen University of Agriculture and Forestry of Thai Nguyen University for accepting me as a PhD Student and for your guidance and supports during the course I greatly appreciate the financial assistance and spiritual supports of Hung Vuong University, of Foreign Language Department, of my dear colleagues and students for me and my family during my PhD study I am grateful to To Loan Nguyen and her family to help me in the search of documents while they were in Germany My classmates, thank you very much for making the atmosphere of our class as friendly as possible vii THAI NGUYEN UNIVERSITY Socialist Republic of Vietnam BATANGAS STATE UNIVERSITY Republic of the Philippines I cannot finish without thanking my family I warmly thank and appreciate my parents for their encouragement and looking after my children in the process of study I want to express my gratitude and deepest appreciation to my lovely husband and two sweet daughters without your supports and encouragements, I could not have finished this work I can just say thank you all for everything viii THAI NGUYEN UNIVERSITY Socialist Republic of Vietnam BATANGAS STATE UNIVERSITY Republic of the Philippines TABLE OF CONTENTS TITLE PAGE i ABSTRACT .ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS iv CHAPTER I .1 THE PROBLEM Introduction Statement of the Problem 10 Scope, Delimitation and Limitation of the Study 11 Significance of the Study .13 CHAPTER II 71 REVIEW OF LITERATURE: SYNTHESIS AND HYPOTHESIS 71 Conceptual Literature 71 Literature and Philosophy 71 Meaningful family life in Vietnam 77 Sociological and Philosophical Approaches in Literary Criticism 90 Toni Morrison and her Significant Works 98 Research Literature 105 Frankl’s theory about Meaningfulness of life .116 ix THAI NGUYEN UNIVERSITY Socialist Republic of Vietnam BATANGAS STATE UNIVERSITY Republic of the Philippines Conceptual Framework .124 Definition of Terms 125 CHAPTER III .130 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY 130 Research Design .130 Treatment of Materials 131 CHAPTER IV .135 ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION OF DATA 135 1.1 Racial oppression .136 1.1.1 Racial oppression in Song of Solomon .137 1.1.2 Racial Oppression in Tar Baby 142 1.2 Gender Inequality 146 1.2.1 Gender Inequality in Song of Solomon 146 1.2.2 Gender inequality in Tar Baby 160 1.3 Emotional Abandonment 172 1.3.1 Emotional abandonment in Song of Solomon 172 1.3.2 Emotional abandonment in Tar Baby 179 1.4 Women’s Sufferings .184 1.4.1 Women’s Sufferings in Songs of Solomon 184 1.4.2 Women’s Sufferings in Tar Baby 191 x THAI NGUYEN UNIVERSITY Socialist Republic of Vietnam BATANGAS STATE UNIVERSITY Republic of the Philippines Manifestations of the Sources of Strength and Motive of Women’s Resistance 196 2.1 Manifestations of the Sources of Strength and Motive of Women’s Resistance 198 2.1.1 Love between mother and children in Song of Solomon 199 2.1.2 Love between mother and children in Tar Baby 204 2.2 Sources of Strength and Motive of Women’s Resistance in term of husband and wife 213 2.2.1 Sources of Strength and Motive of Women’s Resistance in term of husband and wife in Song of Solomon .213 2.2.2 Sources of Strength and Motive of Women’s Resistance in term of husband and wife in Tar Baby 219 2.3 Freedom and Equality 222 2.3.1 Freedom and Equality in Song of Solomon 222 2.4 Self-identity 227 2.4.1 Self-identity in Song of Solomon 227 Manner of Women in the world depicted in the Novels that Expresses Resistance to the Different Forms of Oppression 243 3.1 Manner of Women in the world depicted in the Novels that Expresses Resistance to the Different Forms of Oppression in Song of Solomon .243 THAI NGUYEN UNIVERSITY Socialist Republic of Vietnam BATANGAS STATE UNIVERSITY Republic of the Philippines Henderson, Gloria, & Waller, Sandra Literature and Ourselves, New York: HarperCollins College Publishers, 1994 Henslin, M James,“Sociology- A Down to Earth Approach, 2013 Hill, N., Think and Grow Rich: The Mystery of Sex Transmutation: The tenth Step toward Riches, USA: The Ralston Society, Meriden, Conn., 1938 Hosillos, Lucila Originally as Vengeance in Philippine Literature Quezon City, Phillipines: New Day Publishers, 1984 Jensen, K., Toni Morrison’s Depiction of Beauty Standards in Relation toSolomon University of New Orleans Theses and 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Retrieved: 04/14/2014 http://www.marxist.com/struggle-againstwomens-oppression-wherefrom.htm, 03/09/2014 http://www.ehow.com/facts_5811469_meaningtenet_.html#ixzz32SKsMJ N3,05/22/14 http://classiclit.about.com/od/literaryterms/g/aa_whatisliter.htm, 08/04/2013 http://sites.uci.edu/slaverebellionswinter2011/enslaved-women-and rebellion/ 02/15/14 http://www.ehow.com/facts_7655050_self-identity.html#ixzz30xkQJtHh, 05/06/2014 (http://www.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/english/racism (June 30, 2013) (http://feminists.scripts.mit.edu/website/?page_id=126 June 7th 2014) (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abandonment_(emotional), June 7th, 2014) (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Class_discrimination, June 8th 2014) (http://www.pravo.unizg.hr/_download/repository/Julia_Dougherty.pdf (June 6th, 2014) ... study of the meaningful family life among Vietnamese students Statement of the Problem This study is an analysis of insights on pursuit for meaningful life in the selected works of Toni Morrisonto... study of meaningful family life among Vietnamese students? Scope, Delimitation and Limitation of the Study This study analyzes the insights on pursuit for meaningful life in selected works of Toni. .. Socialist Republic of Vietnam BATANGAS STATE UNIVERSITY Republic of the Philippines ABSTRACT Title: Insights on Pursuit for a Meaningful Life in Selected Works of Toni Morrison Author: Vũ Thị