HCM City Univ. of Technology, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering Nguyen Tan Tien 1. BASIC CONCEPTS AND TERMINOLOGY Control System Technology 1.01 Basic Concepts and Terminology HCM City Univ. of Technology, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering Nguyen Tan Tien Control System Technology 1.02 Basic Concepts and Terminology HCM City Univ. of Technology, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering Nguyen Tan Tien §1. Introduction - A control system is a group of components that maintains a desired result by manipulating the value of another variable in the system - Example: I. Polzunov’s water level float regulator - 1765 Control System Technology 1.03 Basic Concepts and Terminology HCM City Univ. of Technology, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering Nguyen Tan Tien §1. Introduction - Example: Wall’s fly-ball governor - 1769 Control System Technology 1.04 Basic Concepts and Terminology HCM City Univ. of Technology, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering Nguyen Tan Tien §2. Block Diagrams and Transfer Functions - The block diagram (sơ đồ khối) is a method of representing a control system that retains only this important feature of each component - Signal lines (đường tín hiệu) indicate the input and output signals of the component - The energy source is not shown on block diagrams. However, many components do have an external energy source that makes amplification of the input signal possible Control System Technology 1.05 Basic Concepts and Terminology HCM City Univ. of Technology, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering Nguyen Tan Tien §2. Block Diagrams and Transfer Functions 2.1 Block diagrams - A block diagram consists a block representing each component in a control system connected by lines that represent the signal paths - Example: An simple block diagram of a person driving an automobile Control System Technology 1.06 Basic Concepts and Terminology HCM City Univ. of Technology, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering Nguyen Tan Tien §2. Block Diagrams and Transfer Functions 2.1 Block diagrams - Example: Block representations of various components • Thermocouple temperature sensor: a thermocouple is a junction between two different metals that produces a voltage related to a temperature difference Control System Technology 1.07 Basic Concepts and Terminology HCM City Univ. of Technology, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering Nguyen Tan Tien §2. Block Diagrams and Transfer Functions 2.1 Block diagrams • Amplifier: an amplifier or simply amp, is a device for increasing the power of a signal Control System Technology 1.08 Basic Concepts and Terminology HCM City Univ. of Technology, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering Nguyen Tan Tien §2. Block Diagrams and Transfer Functions 2.1 Block diagrams • DC Motor Control System Technology 1.09 Basic Concepts and Terminology HCM City Univ. of Technology, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering Nguyen Tan Tien §2. Block Diagrams and Transfer Functions 2.1 Block diagrams • Valve: valve is used to control flow rate by opening/closing the gate position response to signals received from controllers Control System Technology 1.10 Basic Concepts and Terminology [...]... 1.11 Basic Concepts and Terminology §2 Block Diagrams and Transfer Functions 2.1 Block diagrams • Liquid flow transmitter: a device used to measure the flow of liquids in pipelines and convert the results into proportional electric signals HCM City Univ of Technology, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering Nguyen Tan Tien Control System Technology 1.12 Basic Concepts and Terminology §2 Block Diagrams and. .. 1.13 Basic Concepts and Terminology §2 Block Diagrams and Transfer Functions 2.1 Block diagrams • Automobile power steering unit: steering is the term applied to the collection of linkages which will allow a vehicle to follow the desired course HCM City Univ of Technology, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering Nguyen Tan Tien Control System Technology 1.14 Basic Concepts and Terminology §2 Block Diagrams and. .. Technology 1.18 Basic Concepts and Terminology §2 Block Diagrams and Transfer Functions 2.2 Transfer functions - 𝑇𝐹 can be a parallel of connection 𝑇𝐹 𝑡𝑜𝑡 = 𝑠𝑦𝑠𝑡𝑒𝑚 𝑔𝑎𝑖𝑛 = 𝑇𝐹1 + 𝑇𝐹2 - 𝑇𝐹 can be a feedback connection 𝑇𝐹 𝑡𝑜𝑡 𝑇𝐹1 = 𝑠𝑦𝑠𝑡𝑒𝑚 𝑔𝑎𝑖𝑛 = 1 + 𝑇𝐹1 × 𝑇𝐹2 HCM City Univ of Technology, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering Nguyen Tan Tien Control System Technology 1.19 Basic Concepts and Terminology §3 Open-Loop... Control System Technology 1.26 Basic Concepts and Terminology §4 Closed-Loop Control - Example: position control of machine tool table Machine tool table moves from left to right with 𝑥0 = 400𝑚𝑚 and 𝑥 𝑓 = 640𝑚 The sampling time of the system is 𝑑𝑡 = 0.1𝑠 HCM City Univ of Technology, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering Nguyen Tan Tien Control System Technology 1.27 Basic Concepts and Terminology §4 Closed-Loop... Technology 1.34 Basic Concepts and Terminology §6 Damping and Stability - The gain of the controller determines a very important characteristic of a control system’s response: the type of damping or stability that the system displays in response to a disturbance HCM City Univ of Technology, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering Nguyen Tan Tien Control System Technology 1.35 Basic Concepts and Terminology §7... Technology, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering Nguyen Tan Tien Control System Technology 1.20 Basic Concepts and Terminology §3 Open-Loop Control - Example: A simple robot arm open-loop position system HCM City Univ of Technology, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering Nguyen Tan Tien Control System Technology 1.21 Basic Concepts and Terminology §3 Open-Loop Control - Example: The system consists of an electric motor... 1.30 Basic Concepts and Terminology §5 Linear vs Nonlinear - Nonlinear Element • Sinusoidal input waveform ⟹ Nonlinear Element ⟹ Output waveform ? • Notice how the nonlinear element distorts the shape of the input waveform, resulting in a non-sinusoidal output waveform HCM City Univ of Technology, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering Nguyen Tan Tien Control System Technology 1.31 Basic Concepts and Terminology. .. Mechanical Engineering Nguyen Tan Tien Control System Technology 1.24 Basic Concepts and Terminology §4 Closed-Loop Control - Example: A simple robot arm closed-loop position system Open-loop control Closed-loop control HCM City Univ of Technology, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering Nguyen Tan Tien Control System Technology 1.25 Basic Concepts and Terminology §4 Closed-Loop Control HCM City Univ of Technology,... 1.16 Basic Concepts and Terminology §2 Block Diagrams and Transfer Functions 2.2 Transfer functions - Example: A potentiometer is used as a position sensor The pot is configured in such a way that 00 of rotation yields 0𝑉 and 3000 yields 10𝑉 Find the transfer function of the pot Solution The transfer function is output divided by input In this case, the input to the pot is “position in degrees” and. .. input HCM City Univ of Technology, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering Nguyen Tan Tien Control System Technology 1.17 Basic Concepts and Terminology §2 Block Diagrams and Transfer Functions 2.2 Transfer functions - Example: For a temperature-measuring sensor, the input is temperature, and the output is voltage The sensor transfer function is given as 0.01𝑉/deg Find the sensor output voltage if the temperature . Faculty of Mechanical Engineering Nguyen Tan Tien 1. BASIC CONCEPTS AND TERMINOLOGY Control System Technology 1.01 Basic Concepts and Terminology HCM City Univ. of Technology, Faculty of. Control System Technology 1.04 Basic Concepts and Terminology HCM City Univ. of Technology, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering Nguyen Tan Tien §2. Block Diagrams and Transfer Functions - The. Control System Technology 1.05 Basic Concepts and Terminology HCM City Univ. of Technology, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering Nguyen Tan Tien §2. Block Diagrams and Transfer Functions 2.1 Block