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BÀI THÍ NGHIỆM MÔ PHỎNG ĐÁNH GIÁ CHẤT LƯỢNG CỦA MẠNG VIỄN THÔNG SỬDỤNG PHẦN MỀN MÔ PHỎNG MẠNG Mục lục Lời nói đầu Bài 1: Giới thiệu OPNET Bài 2: Mạng Ethernet Bài 3: Hub và Switch Bài 4: Các giao thức định tuyến Bài 5:QoS: Ảnh hưởng của cơ chế xếp hàng
release Team[OR] 2001 [x] windows Windows XP Bible Alan Simpson's Windows XP Bible by Alan Simpson ISBN: 0764548603 Hungry Minds © 2001, 902 pages This book covers both the Personal and Professional editions of the Microsoft Windows XP Table of Contents Alan Simpson’s Windows XP Bible Preface Part I Know This or Suffer Chapter - What Is Windows XP? - Chapter - Getting Around Like a Pro - 22 Chapter - Opening Programs and Documents - 55 Chapter - Shortcuts and Other Cool Tricks - 67 Part II Becoming an Internet Guru Chapter - Connecting to the Internet - 74 Chapter - Browsing the World Wide Web - 89 Chapter - Maximum Web - 107 Chapter - Internet E-Mail - 120 Chapter - Participating in Usenet Newsgroups - 170 Chapter 10 - Windows Messenger, Games, and Such - 178 Chapter 11 - Online Conferencing with NetMeeting - 187 Part III Have It Your Way Chapter 12 - General Housekeeping (Copying, Deleting, and So On) - 203 Chapter 13 - Organizing Your Virtual Office - 227 Chapter 14 - Personalizing the Screen - 248 Chapter 15 - Speech, Handwriting, Joysticks, and More - 262 Part IV Growth, Maintenance, and General Tweaking Chapter 16 - Installing and Removing Programs - 280 Chapter 17 - Installing and Removing Hardware - 287 Chapter 18 - Disaster Prevention and Recovery - 301 Chapter 19 - Updates, Maintenance, and Monitoring - 312 Chapter 20 - Managing Multiple Users - 326 Chapter 21 - Road Warrior Tools and Techniques - 332 Part V Work and Play Chapter 22 - Numbers, Text, and Pictures - 347 Chapter 23 - Cameras, Scanners, and Faxes - 357 Chapter 24 - Sounds, Music, Video, and DVD - 370 Chapter 25 - Fun with Windows Movie Maker - 401 Part VI Local Area Networks page Windows XP Bible Chapter 26 - Create Your Own LAN - 414 Chapter 27 - Sharing Resources on a LAN - 423 Chapter 28 - Cool LAN Tricks - 432 Chapter 29 - Beefing Up Security - 437 Part VII Advanced Stuff Chapter 30 - File Icons, Associations, and Properties - 445 Chapter 31 - Partitions, Volumes, and NTFS - 455 Chapter 32 - Advanced Security Administration - 459 Chapter 33 - Dealing with the Windows XP Registry - 468 Chapter 34 - Special Features of Windows XP Professional - 481 Part VIII Appendices Appendix A - Installing Windows XP - 487 Appendix B - What’s New in Windows XP - 491 Appendix C - Special Folders and Shortcut Keys - 499 Back Cover With a new kernel, a new interface, and loads of new multimedia and connectivity features, Windows XP is the most significant Windows upgrade since Windows 95 Written by renowned Windows guru Alan Simpson, this soup-to-nuts guide is just what you need to master XP, whether you want to customize your system so you can work faster, harness the digital media features so you can experience music or movies, or make the most of remote connectivity and networking so you can stay in touch About the Author Alan Simpson is a computer guru and bestselling author with over million books in print Many of his works including Understanding dBASE IV, Mastering WordPerfect for Windows, Mastering WordPerfect 5.1, and Understanding Microsoft Access are considered classics in the computer book industry Alan Simpson’s Windows XP Bible Published by Hungry Minds, Inc page Windows XP Bible 909 Third Avenue New York, NY 10022 www.hungryminds.com Copyright © 2001 Hungry Minds, Inc All rights reserved No part of this book, including interior design, cover design, and icons, may be reproduced or transmitted in any form, by any means (electronic, photocopying, recording, or otherwise) without the prior written permission of the publisher Library of Congress Control Number: 2001092883 ISBN: 0-7645-4860-3 Printed in the United States of America 10 1B/QU/QZ/QR/IN Distributed in the United States by Hungry Minds, Inc Distributed by CDG Books Canada Inc for Canada; by Transworld Publishers Limited in the United Kingdom; by IDG Norge Books for Norway; by IDG Sweden Books for Sweden; by IDG Books Australia Publishing Corporation Pty Ltd for Australia and New Zealand; by TransQuest Publishers Pte Ltd for Singapore, Malaysia, Thailand, Indonesia, and Hong Kong; by Gotop Information Inc for Taiwan; by ICG Muse, Inc for Japan; by Intersoft for South Africa; by Eyrolles for France; by International Thomson Publishing for Germany, Austria, and Switzerland; by Distribuidora Cuspide for Argentina; by LR International for Brazil; by Galileo Libros for Chile; by Ediciones ZETA S.C.R Ltda for Peru; by WS Computer Publishing Corporation, Inc., for the Philippines; by Contemporanea de Ediciones for Venezuela; by Express Computer Distributors for the Caribbean and West Indies; by Micronesia Media Distributor, Inc for Micronesia; by Chips Computadoras S.A de C.V for Mexico; by Editorial Norma de Panama S.A for Panama; by American Bookshops for Finland For general information on Hungry Minds’ products and services please contact our Customer Care department within the U.S at 800-762-2974, outside the U.S at 317-572-3993 or fax 317-572-4002 For sales inquiries and reseller information, including discounts, premium and bulk quantity sales, and foreign-language translations, please contact our Customer Care department at 800-434-3422, fax 317572-4002 or write to Hungry Minds, Inc., Attn: Customer Care Department, 10475 Crosspoint Boulevard, Indianapolis, IN 46256 For information on licensing foreign or domestic rights, please contact our Sub-Rights Customer Care department at 212-884-5000 For information on using Hungry Minds’ products and services in the classroom or for ordering examination copies, please contact our Educational Sales department at 800-434-2086 or fax 317-5724005 For press review copies, author interviews, or other publicity information, please contact our Public Relations department at 317-572-3168 or fax 317-572-4168 For authorization to photocopy items for corporate, personal, or educational use, please contact Copyright Clearance Center, 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, or fax 978-750-4470 LIMIT OF LIABILITY/DISCLAIMER OF WARRANTY: THE PUBLISHER AND AUTHOR HAVE USED THEIR BEST EFFORTS IN PREPARING THIS BOOK THE PUBLISHER AND AUTHOR MAKE NO REPRESENTATIONS OR WARRANTIES WITH RESPECT TO THE ACCURACY OR COMPLETENESS OF THE CONTENTS OF THIS BOOK AND SPECIFICALLY DISCLAIM ANY IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE THERE ARE NO WARRANTIES WHICH EXTEND BEYOND THE DESCRIPTIONS CONTAINED IN THIS PARAGRAPH NO WARRANTY MAY BE CREATED OR EXTENDED BY SALES REPRESENTATIVES OR WRITTEN SALES MATERIALS THE ACCURACY AND COMPLETENESS OF THE INFORMATION PROVIDED HEREIN AND THE OPINIONS STATED HEREIN ARE NOT GUARANTEED OR WARRANTED TO PRODUCE ANY PARTICULAR RESULTS, AND THE ADVICE AND STRATEGIES CONTAINED HEREIN MAY NOT BE SUITABLE FOR EVERY INDIVIDUAL NEITHER THE PUBLISHER NOR AUTHOR SHALL BE LIABLE FOR ANY LOSS OF PROFIT OR ANY page Windows XP Bible OTHER COMMERCIAL DAMAGES, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL, CONSEQUENTIAL, OR OTHER DAMAGES Trademarks: Hungry Minds and the Hungry Minds logo are trademarks or registered trademarks of Hungry Minds, Inc Windows is a trademark or registered trademark of Microsoft Corporation All other trademarks are the property of their respective owners Hungry Minds, Inc., is not associated with any product or vendor mentioned in this book Hungry Minds is a trademark of Hungry Minds, Inc About the Author Alan Simpson is a freelance computer/Internet consultant and veteran author of digilit (digital literature) He’s the author of more than 80 computer books, published in many languages throughout the world Alan is best known for his light, conversational writing style and clear jargon-free approach to dealing with technical topics Prior to writing books full time, Alan taught introductory and advanced computer programming courses at San Diego State University and University of California, San Diego Extension He also worked as a freelance programmer and computer consultant He maintains the www.coolnerds.com Web site (when time permits), and can be reached at alan@coolnerds.com Brian Underdahl is the best-selling author of more than 50 computer books, including several current titles from IDG Books Worldwide: Pocket PCs For Dummies, Opera Web Browser For Dummies, Windows 98 One Step at a Time, Internet Bible, 2nd Edition, Teach Yourself Office 2000, Teach Yourself Windows 2000 Professional, and Teach Yourself Windows Me Brian spends most of his time at the keyboard, writing about personal computing When he finds the time, he enjoys taking in the view from the home he and his wife, Darlene, built in the mountains 2,000 feet above Reno, Nevada He tries to find the time to attend Mensa meetings whenever possible, and he has become a fairly decent gourmet cook in the recent years, too Credits Acquisitions Editor Terri Varveris Project Editor Keith Cline Technical Editor Greg Guntle Editorial Manager Kyle Looper Project Coordinator Nancee Reeves Graphics and Production Specialists Jackie Nicholas, Jill Piscitelli, Kendra Span, Erin Zeltner Quality Control Technicians Carl W Pierce, Marianne Santy, Robert Springer Proofreading and Indexing TECHBOOKS Production Services To Susan, Ashley, and Alec, as always Preface Welcome to Alan Simpson’s Windows XP Bible Professional Edition versus Home Edition Microsoft Windows XP is the latest version of the widely used Windows operating system This book covers both the Professional edition and Home edition of Windows XP On the surface, the two editions are virtually identical Skills you learn on one edition will carry right over to the other edition The Professional edition offers some extra tools that are of interest to professional corporate system administrators and network administrators The Professional edition is the only one to support the use of multiple monitors, however, which might be of interest to home and small business users as well If you’re wondering which version to buy, you might want to review Chapter 34, which covers the features of the Professional edition that aren’t available in the Home edition Who Should Read This Book This book is written for people who are not professional computer programmers or corporate administrators It’s written for that enormous class of people commonly referred to as users in the computer biz These are people whose job requires them to use a computer as an adjunct to their “real page Windows XP Bible job,” which isn’t necessarily computer science I think it’s safe to say that about 99 percent of the jobs in this world fall into that non-computer science category Of course, plenty of people just enjoy using their PCs at home Or, at least, would like to start enjoying that PC at home This book is certainly not “all work and no play.” You can tons of fun and creative things with Windows XP And this book covers them all in considerable depth So if you’re just looking to get the most from your home PC, you’ve definitely come to the right place No Experience Required This book is not an “upgrade” book for people who already know some earlier version of Windows by heart Even if you’re new computers and don’t know a megabyte from a turtle dove, you’ll just fine Features of This Book Like most books, this one has the standard table of contents in the front and an index at the back to help you find information on an as-needed basis Within chapters, lots of pictures and step-by-step instructions are provided to speed your learning and help you get the most from your PC as quickly as possible The chapters are grouped into parts dealing with specific features, as follows: Part I: Know This or Suffer This part covers all the basics of opening and closing things, finding stuff, navigating your computer, getting instant help, creating shortcuts, and more If you’re a newbie, this is the stuff you really need to know to get started Part II: Becoming an Internet Guru The first chapter in this part tells you everything you need to get online and start using the Internet Then you learn to use all the most popular features of the Internet, including the World Wide Web, email, newsgroups, conferencing, gaming, and instant messages Part III: Have It Your Way In this part, you learn how to customize your work environment to suit your needs Some important basic skills covered here include creating folders; moving, copying, and deleting files; and personalizing Windows XP to your tastes, and using the new speech and handwriting recognition features Part IV: Growth, Maintenance, and General Tweaking This part helps you perform routine maintenance tasks to keep your PC running at maximum speed You also learn how to install new programs and eliminate old ones, protect your computer, keep Windows up-to-date, create and manage user accounts, and take advantage of a notebook computer Part V: Work and Play In this part, you discover general techniques for working with text, numbers, and graphic images (pictures), music, video, movies, and DVD Create your own custom audio CDs and movies, get pictures from digital cameras and scanners, and so forth Part VI: Local Area Networks Here, you find out how to set up a local area network using the Home Networking Wizard Learn how to share a single Internet connection and account, as well as share disk drives, printers, files, and folders If you’re already a member of a network, you’ll learn how to take advantage of its features here Part VII: Advanced Stuff This part covers some of the more advanced topics that may not be relevant to everyone Also, I go deeper into some of the more technical stuff that normally stays hidden behind the scenes — such as the Registry, file associations, and advanced features of Windows XP Professional The book also has some margin icons: page Windows XP Bible Tip Caution CrossReference Note New Feature Tip icons indicate a useful trick, technique, or other tidbit worth calling special attention to so that you don’t miss it Caution icons point out a technique you need to think about before you act Tread carefully because if you make a mistake, it’ll be difficult — or impossible — to undo Cross-reference icons refer to a source of additional information on a topic (just in case I didn’t already tell you enough to bore you to tears) Note icons identify a piece of information that’s especially noteworthy for some reason New Feature icons point out something that’s “new” in Windows XP Of course, how “new” a feature is depends on where you’re coming from, so I’ve had to wing it a bit As a general rule, if a feature wasn’t available in Windows 2000 or Windows Millennium Edition, I’ve flagged it as “new.” Acknowledgments Even though only the authors’ names appear on the cover, every book is actually a team effort Many people were involved in the creation of this book My sincere thanks to all the people whose skills and talents helped to make this book a reality First of all, many, many thanks to everyone at Hungry Minds, Inc who made this book happen You were all very supportive, very professional, and very patient In particular, I’d like to thank Kyle Looper (Editorial Manager), Terri Varveris (Acquisitions Editor), Keith Cline (Project Editor), and Nancee Reeves (Production Coordinator) Many thanks to everyone at Microsoft for helping me get an early start on this great product and for all the support and answers provided along the way To Matt Wagner and everyone at Waterside: Thanks for getting this opportunity to me and for making the deal happen And, of course, to my family: Thank you, thank you, thank you for your patience and understanding I really had to concentrate on this one and I appreciate all of your support — Alan Simpson Many special thanks to Walt Bruce, Andy Cummings, and David Mayhew at Hungry Minds, Inc for keeping me busy — Brian Underdahl Part I: Know This or Suffer Chapter List Chapter 1: What Is Windows XP? Chapter 2: Getting Around Like a Pro Chapter 3: Opening Programs and Documents Chapter 4: Shortcuts and Other Cool Tricks As the title of this part implies, these chapters cover all the “basic skills” you’ll need to use Windows XP successfully These skills apply to using your computer in general, and will also apply to virtually everything you ever at your computer No matter what your long-term goal is — be it to work with photographs, create a Web site, become a programmer, manage your business, or just have fun — the essential skills you’ll learn here in Part I will provide the foundation on which you’ll build your more advanced skills What Is Windows XP? Chapter 1: Hello, and welcome to Alan Simpson’s Windows XP Bible The goal of this book, as mentioned in the Introduction (which, if you’re like me, you probably skipped), is to teach both beginners and experienced users alike how to really put Windows XP to work Because this is a book for all levels of users, this chapter starts off with the absolute basics And therefore, I suppose, a good starting point is to answer the question, “What is Windows XP?” page Windows XP Bible What Is Windows XP? Windows XP is the latest and greatest version of the ubiquitous Windows operating system The XP stands for experience (as in “The Jimi Hendrix ” for those of you who were around back then) This version of Windows is certainly going to offer a new experience for those of you coming from earlier versions of Windows Part of Microsoft’s goal in this new version was to create a smoother, frictionless work environment After many weeks of using this new product, I think it’s safe to say that they’ve accomplished that goal It’s difficult to isolate any one new feature that provides for this new experience It’s really about the new interface in general, and how easy it is to tweak things to be as you want them to be If you’re an experienced Windows user and want some specifics on Crosswhat’s new in Windows XP, see Appendix B Reference For those of you who are new to the game, let’s start by pointing out that Microsoft Windows XP is a computer program Specifically, it’s a type of program known as an operating system, often abbreviated OS You may have heard of some of the other operating systems out there, such as DOS, the Mac OS used on Macintosh computers, and Linux and UNIX, used mainly in large businesses One thing that makes the OS different from all other programs available for PCs is that an OS is required to make your system work A computer without an OS is like a car without an engine Turning on a computer that has no operating system installed leads to nothing but a message on the screen telling you there is no operating system installed One reason that an operating system is required on all computers is that it plays the important role of making all the things that make up a computer system — the screen, mouse, keyboard, the programs you use, the hard disk, and all that other stuff — work in harmony And thankfully, it does all that in the background, without your even being aware of it And without your having to know how it does it The operating system also provides the user interface for the computer That is, it determines what you see on your screen and how you interact with those things To that extent, learning to use your computer is really a matter of learning to use its operating system In fact, learning Windows XP is probably the most important first step in learning to use your computer That’s partly because you need to learn to use Windows just to start any other programs you plan to use In addition, many of the skills you acquire while learning to use Windows will apply to just about anything you with your computer, be that word processing, making custom CDs, working with digital photographs, creating Web pages whatever So every moment spent learning Windows is actually an investment in learning to use your entire computer and all the amazing things that it is capable of doing You might be aware that Windows XP comes in several different flavors, two of which are client-side products: the Windows XP Home Edition, and the Windows XP Professional Edition This book covers both those products The differences between these two products are so few, they’re barely noticeable When they arise during the course of this book, however, I’ll be sure to point them out The other versions are server-side products, named Windows XP Server and Windows XP Advanced Server This book doesn’t address those products specifically, because they’re not the kinds of products the typical computer user would ever get involved with Rather, they’re products that corporate network administrators and other highly technical computer professions use to build servers for the Internet and large networks If you’re a newbie, and if I’ve already gotten ahead of you here with this client/server business, I apologize for that Frankly, it’s not terribly important anyway All that matters at this point is that you understand that this book is for people using either Windows XP Home Edition or Windows XP Professional Edition With that out of the way, we can get back to the absolute basics Hardware and Software Basics For those of you who are new to computers, this section discusses some basic terminology Computer hardware is the stuff you can see and touch; if you throw it off the roof of a building, it will probably break Your basic PC consists of the hardware components shown in Figure 1-1 Each component plays some role in helping you use the computer: Monitor: The big TV-like thing Probably has its own on/off switch as well as brightness, contrast, and other buttons for fine-tuning the onscreen display Screen: The part of the monitor where all the action takes place — similar to a TV set screen System unit: The main body of the computer Houses the main on/off switch plus access to the floppy disk and CD-ROM drives Mouse: Your main tool for navigating (getting around) and for making the computer what you want it to I’ll talk about mice in more detail in a moment page Windows XP Bible Keyboard: Laid out like a standard typewriter, the keyboard is used for typing and, in some cases, can also be used as an alternative to the mouse Figure 1-1: Basic PC hardware Computer software refers to the somewhat invisible stuff that makes the computer whatever it is you want it to Any program that you purchase or download, as well as any pictures, music, or other stuff you put “in your computer” is software Software is information that’s recorded to some kind of disk, such as a floppy disk, CD-ROM, or the hard disk that resides permanently inside your computer So with the basic concepts of hardware and software covered, let’s start talking about how you use that stuff Mouse Basics The one piece of hardware you need to get comfy with right off the bat is the mouse To use the mouse, rest your hand comfortably on it, with your index finger resting (but not pressing) on the left mouse button, as shown in Figure 1-2 When the computer is on, you’ll see a little arrow, called the mouse pointer, on the screen As you roll the mouse around on a mouse pad or on your desktop, the mouse pointer moves in the same direction as you move the mouse Figure 1-2: Rest your hand comfortably on the mouse, with your index finger near the button on the left The following list explains basic mouse terminology you need to know: Mouse button (or primary mouse button): Usually the mouse button on the left — the one that rests comfortably under your index finger when you rest your right hand on the mouse Right mouse button (or secondary mouse button): The mouse button on the right Point: To move the mouse so that the mouse pointer is touching, or “hovering over,” some object on the screen Click: To point to an item and then press and release the primary mouse button Double-click: To point to an item and then click the primary mouse button twice in rapid succession — click click! Right-click: To point to an item and then press and release the secondary mouse button Drag: To hold down the primary mouse button while moving the mouse Right-drag: To hold down the secondary mouse button while moving the mouse Windows XP is geared toward two-button mouse operation If your mouse has a little wheel in the middle, you can use that for scrolling, as discussed in Chapter If your mouse has three buttons on it, you can ignore the button in the middle for now I’ll show you how you can get some hands-on experience using your mouse in a moment If you’re a lefty, you can configure a mouse for left-hand use Doing so makes the button on the right the primary mouse button and the button on the left the secondary mouse button (so your index finger is still page Windows XP Bible over the primary mouse button) Chapter 15 provides instructions for switching your mouse buttons around for left-handed use Starting Windows XP If Windows XP is already installed on your PC, starting Windows XP is a simple task Follow these steps: If Windows XP has not been installed on your PC already, refer to the Caution instructions that came with your Windows XP package (or Appendix A in this book) for installation instructions 1.If your computer has a floppy disk drive, check to make sure no disk is in that drive (see Figure 1-3) If you think a disk is in that drive, push the little button on the front of the drive to pop out the disk Figure 1-3: Remove any floppy disks from the floppy disk drive before turning on your computer 1.Turn on all peripherals attached to your PC, such as your monitor and printer, and any other connected device that has its own on/off switch 2.Turn on the main power on the system unit 3.To ensure that your computer doesn’t attempt to boot from a CD-ROM, open the CD-ROM drive and remove any CD that might be in there 4.Wait a minute or so for your computer to boot up (start itself and load Windows XP for you) You might see some weird, highly technical information whiz by on the screen That phase of the startup is called the Power-On Self-Test (POST), and you can pretty much ignore it What happens next depends on how your copy of Windows XP is set up So just continue to read along and ignore anything that doesn’t appear on your own screen Logging on If your computer is set up to support multiple users, you’ll first come to the Welcome screen, which looks something like the example shown in Figure 1-4 Just click your user name (or Guest, if you don’t have an account on this computer) to proceed page 10 Windows XP Bible Figure 2-20: The Filmstrip view of my My Pictures folders Buttons in the upper pane enable you to move to the next or preceding picture, zoom in on any part of the picture, and zoom back out, choose between “best fit” and “actual size” for sizing the picture, as well as to rotate the picture clockwise and counterclockwise To leave the Filmstrip view, just choose any other option from the Views button or View menu Choosing details to view As mentioned, the Details view shows details about each icon in the folder you’re viewing at the moment, as in the example shown in Figure 2-21 Figure 2-21: A folder’s contents displayed in Details view You can custom design the Details view for the folder you’re viewing at the moment by following these steps: Choose View → Choose Details from the Explorer menu bar to open the Choose Details dialog box shown in Figure 2-22 page 43 Windows XP Bible Figure 2-22: The Choose Details dialog box Choose which information you want the Details view to display via the check boxes provided, or by clicking an option and then clicking the Show or Hide button To set a default width for the currently selected column, enter a measurement in pixels in the Width box Alternatively, leave the setting at zero to allow Windows to size the column automatically A pixel is only one tiny, lighted dot on the screen, too small to even see with the naked Tip eye Therefore, when setting a column width, use at least 20 pixels You can reorder the options by using the Move Up and Move Down buttons to move the current item To change the order of items in the Details view, click any item you want to move and then use the Move Up and Move Down buttons to reposition the item Click the OK button when you finish Because the Details view settings apply to the current folder only, you can choose Tip different details for different types of folders For example, the details you select for your My Pictures folder might differ from the details you select for your My Music folder If you’re not already viewing icons in Details view, just choose Details from the View menu or Views button The display will now contain all the columns you specified in the Choose Details dialog box If necessary, you can scroll left and right using the horizontal scroll bar that appears beneath the list To change the width of a column, drag the bar that separates one column heading from the next left or right To rearrange columns, drag any column heading to the left or right You also can sort (that is, alphabetize) the list by the contents of any column Just click the column heading of the column you want to sort To switch from ascending order to descending order, or viceversa, click the column heading again Most of a file’s details are managed automatically by Windows However, some details items are up to you To view, and optionally change, the details for a single file, right-click the file and choose Properties The Properties dialog box for that one file will open The General tab will contain factual information about the file, with only a few settings that you can actually change To fill in personal details page 44 Windows XP Bible about the file, click the Summary tab Use the button near the bottom of the dialog box to choose between a Simple or Advanced view of the information Figure 2-23 shows both views Figure 2-23: The Summary tab of a file’s properties in Simple and Advanced views You can fill in the blanks for any missing information you want Then click OK after you have finished If Windows won’t let you change the file’s properties, clear the Read-only check Note box on the General tab Arranging Explorer icons You can choose how icons in the right pane of the Explorer window are arranged by choosing View → Arrange Icons By from the menu bar You have the following options: Name: Displays icons with folders in alphabetic order, followed by files in alphabetic order Size: Files are listed in smallest to largest order Type: Files are presented in groups by type Modified: Displays icons based on the date they were last modified These four options are pretty universal When viewing the contents of your My Pictures or My Music folder, you’ll also be given options for arranging icons relative to those file types In My Pictures, for example, you’ll have the option to arrange icons by the date the picture was taken, and the dimensions (size) or the pictures In My Music, for example, you’ll be able to arrange icons based on artist, album, length, and so forth Grouping icons To group icons in the display, choose View → Arrange Icons By → Show in Groups This option acts as a toggle and, once selected, is automatically applied to whichever option you selected from the Arrange Icons By menu For example, Figure 2-24 shows the folders in my My Music folder arranged by name, and displayed in groups To turn off the grouping, choose View → Arrange Icons By → Show in Groups again Figure 2-24: Icons arranged by name, and shown in groups page 45 Windows XP Bible The Folders list and other bars The Folders list available in Explorer provides a quick and easy way to jump to specific areas of your computer and to folders on your hard disk To open the Folders list, just click the Folders button on the toolbar, or choose View → Explorer Bar → Toolbar from the menu Figure 2-25 shows an example of the Folders list on the left side of the Explorer window Figure 2-25: The Folders list open on one of my computers You can expand and contract items in the list by clicking the plus sign (+, to expand) or the minus sign (–, to contract) to the left of the item The Folders list provides a quick alternative to “drilling down” through folders to get to a specific subfolder For example, the computer represented in Figure 2-25 has a folder named Art Parts within a folder named Clip Art, which in turn is contained within the My Pictures folder of My Documents Without the Folders list open, I would have to work my way down to that folder Which is to say, that in My Documents I’d need to open My Pictures Then in that folder I would need to open Clip Art, and then finally Art Parts In the Folders list, however, I can just click the Art Parts folder to jump to it directly, no matter where I happen to be at the moment Chapter 13 will teach you ways to create your own folders and Crosssubfolders, as well as ways in which you can customize your folders Reference Other bars accessible after you choose View → Explorer Bar from the menu include the following: Search: Displays the Search Companion described under “Searching for Lost Files” a little later in this chapter Favorites: Displays your list of favorites — things you visit frequently Chapter 13 discusses ways to create and manage Favorites in more detail Media: Opens a “player” frame for playing multimedia files, such as music and video If your computer is connected to the Internet, it takes you to the Microsoft site WindowsMedia.com, where you can select music and videos to play in Windows Media Player (as discussed in Chapter 25) History: Displays a list of Web sites and folders you’ve visited recently, organized and grouped by day, Web site, and so forth As in the Folders bar, you can expand and contract items by clicking them, and jump to a location by clicking its name in the list Tip of the Day: Displays a Tip of the Day, and a Next Tip link, at the bottom of the Explorer window Tips are downloaded from the Microsoft Web site Locking, unlocking, moving, and resizing toolbars You can add and remove various toolbars in Explorer, as you can in most Windows programs You also can move toolbars around However, you must unlock the toolbars first, if they’re locked To lock, as well as to unlock the toolbars, choose View → Toolbars → Lock the Toolbars When the toolbars are locked, Lock the Toolbars option has a check mark next to it The little dots at the left of the toolbars, which you can drag to move the toolbars, disappear when the toolbars are locked To combine, split, and move toolbars, the following: To combine two toolbars into one, drag the lower toolbar into the upper toolbar To size combined toolbars, drag the dots to the left or right To switch the left/right positions of combined toolbars, drag the dots of the leftmost toolbar all the way to the right page 46 Windows XP Bible To split combined toolbars into the two separate bars, drag the dots of the rightmost toolbar down below the current toolbar Standard Buttons toolbar The Standard Buttons toolbar, which is visible in all the sample Explorer windows in this chapter, provides quick access to commonly used features of Explorer You can show or hide that toolbar by choosing View → Toolbars → Standard Buttons The Address bar The optional Address bar, visible beneath the Standard Buttons toolbar in Figure 2-26, shows the name of the location you’re viewing at the moment It also provides a drop-down list of other commonly accessed locations on your computer You can jump to a new location by choosing it from the dropdown list Figure 2-26: An Explorer window with all the trimmings You also can type the name of a new location to visit into the Address bar After you’ve finished typing, just press Enter or click the Go button to go to that location Note that if you have Internet access, you can type the URL of any Web site into the Address bar For example, typing www.coolnerds.com and pressing Enter, or clicking the Go button, takes you to my Web site Clicking the Back button takes you back to wherever you left from on your own computer Although this is handy for quick visits to Web sites, you’ll probably want to use the Internet Explorer program, discussed in Chapter 6, for most of your Web browsing The Links bar The optional Links bar, shown below the Address bar in Figure 2-26, provides quick links to commonly visited Web sites or locations on your own computer The icons that initially appear within the Links bar are just examples You can easily add your own links, and remove any you don’t want If you have Internet access, clicking the Customize Links icon in the Links bar will Tip take you to a Web page that provides more detailed instructions about how to customize your links To add a link, first go to the folder or Web site to which you want to add a link If the Address bar isn’t already open, open it Then drag the tiny icon that appears within the Address bar onto the Links bar and drop it between any existing links in the Links bar It’s possible that your Links bar won’t be large enough to display all available links When that occurs, you can click the >> arrows at the right of the Links bar to view remaining links To rename a link, right click its icon in the Links bar and choose Rename Enter a new name (or edit the existing name) in the dialog box that appears To remove a link, just click its icon in the bar and choose Delete The Status bar The optional Status bar in Explorer provides brief information about whatever you’re viewing in Explorer at the moment It also offers the standard sizing pad, which you can drag to resize the window You can page 47 Windows XP Bible see an example along the bottom of the Explorer window shown in Figure 2-26 Choose View → Status Bar from the Explorer menu bar to hide or display the Status bar Searching for Lost Files It’s not unusual, especially among beginners, to lose files on a hard disk You might download a file from the Internet or create and save some document without paying much attention to where you put it or what you named it Or, you may be digging around for some document you created ages ago, and have long since lost track of its name and/or location The Explorer Search Companion will help you find it Newbies take note Chapter teaches you all about creating and saving Crossdocuments Chapter explains how to download files from the Internet Reference To open the Search Companion: If you’re already in Windows Explorer, just click the Search button in the Standard Buttons toolbar Or, choose View → Explorer Bar → Search Or, press Ctrl+E Or, if you’re not in Windows Explorer, click the Start button and choose Search The first time the Search Companion opens, you’ll see a prompt asking whether you want to search with, or without, an animated screen character This is a one-time question, so you might not see it at all Frankly, it makes little difference which you choose, unless you happen to be fond of animated dogs You can change your mind at any time by choosing Change Preferences within the Search bar The first set of options to appear in the Search Companion bar, shown in Figure 2-27, are as follows: Pictures, music, or video: This option limits the results of the search to those types of files Documents: This option limits the search to document files that go with specific programs, such as Word documents, Excel documents, and so forth All files and folders: This option returns search results with all types of files Computers or people: This option enables you to search for computers in a local network, people in your address book, or the Internet Information in Help and Support Center: This option plays the same role as the Search option in Windows Help Figure 2-27: The Search Companion, with the animated character The options that appear next depend on what you select To see the full range of searching options, you need to click Use Advanced Search Options You can fill in any information you know about the file page 48 Windows XP Bible If you don’t know a specific piece of information about a file (such as its size), leave that option blank Staying with the example of searching for lost files or folders, you’ll likely be given the following options: All or part of filename: If you know anything about the name of the file, you can enter that here For music, videos, and other media files, you can even add information that’s not specifically in the file name, but elsewhere in the file’s properties For example, searching for “Hendrix” in music and sound files will find files with Hendrix in the file name, the artist name, album name, and so forth A word or phrase in the file: If you don’t remember the name of the file, but remember something about its contents, you can enter that here If you’re searching for a letter written to Jack Jones, for example, and are pretty sure the letter contains “Dear Jack” or “Dear Mr Jones,” you can enter Jack or Jones as the content to search for Look in: This option enables you to expand or narrow the search to certain drives or folders If you know the file is in My Documents or one of the folders contained within My Documents, for instance, you can choose My Documents as the place to look in This speeds up the search, because only that folder (and its subfolders) are searched When was it modified: If all you remember about the file is that you created or modified it yesterday, last week, or within some other time frame, you can choose this option and specify a range of dates What size is it: In the unlikely event that you happen to remember only the approximate size of the file, you can choose this option to search for files within a range of sizes More advanced options: As the name implies, choosing More Advanced Options enables you to narrow things down even further, including the following: o Search system folders: If selected, searches “system folders” outside of My Documents, including the folders where Windows XP stores its own files o Search hidden files and folders: If selected, files and folders that are normally hidden from view are included in the search Any file or folder can be hidden or unhidden by right-clicking its icon, choosing Properties, and then selecting or clearing the Hidden option on the General tab o Case sensitive: If selected, only files that match the exact upper/lowercase letters in whatever word or phrase you’re searching for are included in the results of the search o Search tape backup: If you use a tape backup device to make backups of your files, choosing this option enables you to search the tape backups In most cases, it won’t be necessary to provide anything other than part of the file name, or perhaps something about the contents of the file So don’t let all the searching options throw you for a loop As an example, suppose that after clicking the Start button and choosing Search, I choose Pictures, Music, or Video from the Search Explorer bar Then I choose Music and Sound, and enter Hendrix as all or part of the file name, as in Figure 2-28 Figure 2-28: About to search for Music and Sound files containing Hendrix After I click the Search button and wait for a few seconds, the right pane shows a bunch of files Even though the name Hendrix doesn’t appear in each file’s specific file name, Search was clever enough to page 49 Windows XP Bible include files that have Hendrix in the artist’s name, as in Figure 2-29 (There I’m in Details view and have chosen to include Artist in that view via Choose Details, as described earlier.) Figure 2-29: The results of a search for music and sound files that have Hendrix in the file name include files that have Hendrix in the artist’s name The Search bar remains open after the search is complete Therefore, if you don’t find what you’re looking for on the first search (or end up with too many items), you can choose an option under No, Refine this Search, and then take another shot at it When you’re happy with the results of the search, choose Yes, Finished Searching to bring back the normal Explorer bar Keep in mind that even though the title of the Explorer window reads Search Results when the search is complete, you are still in Windows Explorer And hence, you use all the techniques described earlier in this chapter to view and arrange the icons to your liking Likewise, you can open any icon by clicking, or double-clicking it In some cases, you might want to see the contents of the entire folder in which a Tip found file is located To that, right-click any icon in the right pane and choose Open Containing Folder Good Places to Know So far, this discussion about using Windows Explorer has pretty much focused on the hard disk, drive C: There are no doubt other disk drives In this section, you’ll learn how to access those drives using My Computer You also will learn about some key folders on your hard disk, including My Documents and Shared Documents Introducing My Computer Contrary to what the heading implies, I’m not going to introduce you to my personal computer My Computer, in this context, refers to the view of the available disk drives offered by the Windows My Computer option on a computer I used that folder as an example quite often in the preceding section However, I didn’t mention that you can quickly view the contents of that folder in three different ways: Click the Start button and choose My Computer Or, if you see a My Computer icon on your Windows desktop, open it (by clicking or doubleclicking it) To add a My Computer icon to your desktop, right-click the desktop and choose Tip Properties Click the Desktop tab, and then click the Customize Desktop button Under Desktop Icons, choose My Computer Then click each open dialog box’s OK button Or, if you’re already in Windows Explorer, click My Computer under Other Places in the Explorer bar Figure 2-30 shows the locations of the various options for launching My Computer It doesn’t matter which one you use — just choose whichever is most convenient at the moment page 50 Windows XP Bible Figure 2-30: Three ways to get to the My Computer view of your computer’s disk drives Yet a fourth way to quickly view the contents of My Computer is to click its name in Tip the Folders list of Explorer Explorer displays an icon for each drive in your computer Exactly what you see when My Computer opens depends on the drives that your system has Just about every computer has a local hard drive named C:, as well a floppy drive named A: and a CD-ROM or DVD drive named D:, as in the example shown in Figure 2-31 Figure 2-31: Sample contents of a My Computer view You may notice some folder icons in My Computer as well, particularly one named Shared Documents That item isn’t really a disk drive — it’s a virtual disk drive that is discussed a bit later in this chapter For now, let’s focus on the actual drives To view the contents of a drive, click (or double-click) its icon The contents of the drive will most likely display as folder and file icons Folders are just groups of files that somehow go together Folders are always represented by manila file folder icons The icon for a file will vary with the type of information the file contains, as well as the specific view you’re using in Explorer at the moment, as discussed later in this chapter If you open the icon for the C: drive, for example, you’ll probably see at least three folders named Documents and Settings, Programs Files, and WINDOWS as in Figure 2-32 (If instead you see a message saying that the files are hidden, choose Show the Contents of This Drive under System Tasks to display the contents of the drive.) I don’t recommend that you mess with the contents of any of these folders The only “safe” place for a beginner to work with files on the hard disk is in the folder named My Documents, discussed in a moment Just for your basic knowledge, however, here’s what’s stored in those folders: page 51 Windows XP Bible Figure 2-32: Viewing the contents of the C: drive on one of my computers Documents and Settings: Contains folders and files that are unique to you, the current user of this computer Your My Documents folder is contained within this folder But there are faster and easier ways to get to that folder as opposed to “drilling down” from this level Program Files: Any programs that you install on your computer will most likely put their files in a subfolder within this Program Files folder Unless you really know what you’re doing, you’d be wise to stay out of this folder and let Windows manage it for you behind the scenes You can start any program that’s installed on your computer from the Start menu, or the All Programs option available on that menu WINDOWS: The files that make up your Windows operating system are stored within this folder This is another folder you’ll want to stay out of, unless you’re an expert who has some reason to be working directly with Windows files To return to the My Computer view of things, click the Back button on Explorer’s toolbar Your hard disk is nonremovable, in the sense that you can’t take it out of its drive So you can always open that icon to view the hard drive’s contents Obviously, you can insert and remove disks from drives that support removable disks, such as your floppy (A:) and CD-ROM or DVD (D:) drive To view the contents of such a disk, insert the disk into its drive Then open the drive’s icon in My Computer Explorer will display the contents of that drive as file and folder icons as well What Happened to My Documents? If you’re an experienced Windows user, you might wonder why the traditional My Documents folder isn’t visible when you first view the contents of your C: drive The My Documents folder now exists as a subfolder within Documents and Settings If you open that folder, you’ll see a folder for each user who has an account on this computer, as well as a few other folders If you open the folder that bears your user name, you’ll see your My Documents folder within that folder The reason for the change has to with the improved support for multiple users that XP provides Each user has her own My Documents folder, which prevents multiple users from overcrowding a single My Documents folders Each user also has his own desktop, and Start menu settings, Favorites, and so forth, and these too are stored within the user’s folder These changes are pretty transparent when you’re working in Windows Normally there’s really no need for you to ever dig around in any subfolders within Documents and Settings You can get to your own My Documents folder from many places on the desktop and within Explorer There’s really no need to “drill down” to the folder via the Documents and Settings folder Note If you attempt to view the contents of such a drive while it’s empty, you’ll just see a little message asking you to put a disk into the drive When you insert the disk, the message disappears and Explorer displays the contents of the disk You rarely need to use My Computer to use a CD-ROM or DVD disk Most of these have an autostart capability Just insert the disk into its drive and wait a few seconds for something to appear on-screen If nothing happens, you can open the icon for the drive in My Computer Be aware, however, that doing so might automatically start some program on the CD, in which case you won’t be taken to the traditional view of the drive’s contents page 52 Windows XP Bible If you get to a traditional view of the drive’s contents, and you’re looking to install a program that’s on that CD, you can probably just click (or double-click) the icon for the file named SETUP.EXE on that disk Refer to Chapter 16 for detailed information in installing new programs Introducing My Documents Even though most of the folders on your hard disk contain still more folders and files that you probably don’t want to mess with, there is one folder on your hard disk that’s especially reserved for you and your personal files Its name is My Documents, and you can quickly get to it using any of the following methods, as illustrated in Figure 2-33: Click the Start button and choose My Documents Or, if you’re already in an Explorer window, choose My Documents from Other Places in the Explorer bar at the left side of that window Or, if you see a My Documents icon on your desktop, just open that icon Figure 2-33: Various places from which you can open your My Documents folder To add a My Documents icon to your desktop, right-click the desktop and choose Tip Properties Click the Desktop tab, and then click on the Customize Desktop button Under Desktop Icons, choose My Documents Then click each open dialog box’s OK button Windows Explorer opens and displays the contents of your My Documents folder That folder might contain still more folders, such as My Music and My Pictures And it might contain some documents, such as the Things to Do document in Figure 2-34 Figure 2-34: Contents of a sample My Documents folder Keep in mind that the My Documents folder is yours, and yours alone Other people who use this same computer and who log on with their own user names will have their own My Documents folders Any files that users of this computer can share will be in the Shared Documents folder page 53 Windows XP Bible Introducing Shared Documents As the name implies, the Shared Documents folder contains files and folders that all users of this computer can access You can open Shared Documents by choosing that option under Other Places in the Explorer bar You also can find its icon in My Computer As always, you’ll see the folders and files contained within the Shared Documents folder And you can open anything in that file or folder by clicking or double-clicking it To create a shortcut to Shared Documents on your desktop, open My Computer as Tip described earlier Then drag the Shared Documents icon out to the desktop and drop it there More on creating shortcuts in Chapter The main thing to keep in mind is that shared items don’t appear within your My Documents folder — even though other people are willing to share You must specifically go to the Shared Documents folder to find those shared items If you want to share items from your My Documents folder, or any of its subfolders, you must move or copy those items from their current location to the Shared Documents folder (or one of its subdocuments) Keep in mind that once you move an item to Shared Documents, it is no longer available via My Documents If someone else deletes that shared item, it’s gone for good If someone else changes the item, you’re stuck with those changes On the other hand, if you copy items to Shared Documents, you retain your own copy in your My Documents folder So there’s no loss if someone else deletes it Likewise, if someone changes the Shared Documents item, those changes won’t be reflected in the copy that’s in your My Documents folder If you prefer the changed copy, and want that one in your My Documents folder, you must copy the changed version from Shared Documents to My Documents Chapter 12 discusses moving and copying files and folders in detail If you’re just looking to move something from My Documents to Shared Documents, however, the procedure is simple enough: Open My Documents Drag the item you want to move from the right pane of the Explorer window to the Shared Documents option under Other Places in the Explorer bar, and drop it there The item disappears from My Documents If you switch to Shared Documents by clicking that option under Other Places, you’ll see that the item is now in that folder As you’ll learn in Chapter 4, you can add to your My Documents folder shortcuts to Tip anything you’ve moved into Shared Documents That way, those items will still be just one click away whenever you’re in your My Documents folder The same basic technique works the other way around Be aware, however, that once you move something from Shared Documents to My Documents, the item is no longer shared (which might irritate your fellow computer users) If you’re sure you want to this, however, open Shared Documents and drag the item you want to move to the My Documents option under Other Places If you then click My Documents, you’ll see that the item now exists in your My Documents folder Summary The concepts and basic skills you have learned in this chapter are important, and most of them you’ll use in your day-to-day interaction with your computer Of course, they won’t become second nature to you until you’ve had some hands-on practice Still, it’s important to know what can be done, and how to it Here’s a quick recap of the topics discussed in this chapter: • • • • • • An icon is a small picture that opens into a full window To close an open window, reducing it once again to an icon, click the Close (X) button in the upper-right corner of that window Dialog boxes present controls that enable you to choose among various options a particular program or device offers Windows Explorer is a good program to know, because it enables you to explore and access the various disk drives, folders, and files in your computer The Search Companion offered by Explorer helps you find lost folders and files The My Computer location within Explorer gives you access to all your computer’s disk drives page 54 Windows XP Bible • • The My Documents folder gives each user his own place on the hard disk in which to store his own, unshared documents The Shared Documents folder holds folders and files that all users of your computer can access Chapter 3: Opening Programs and Documents Just about everything you on a computer involves using some program As you probably know, thousands of programs are available for Windows computers, ranging from games for toddlers to advanced programming languages Windows XP comes with many programs built right in The larger programs, such as Windows Media Player, Microsoft Internet Explorer, and so forth, are described in a later chapter in this book Some of the smaller, simpler programs, such as Calculator and WordPad, are covered here in this chapter Using Programs The term program generally refers to something you buy to use on your computer There are programs to just about anything imaginable on your PC All programs are, of course, software Programs also are known as application programs, or applications, or even just apps for short Small simple programs, such as the Calculator and WordPad programs that come with Windows XP, are often referred to as applets Many programs enable you to create, edit (change), print, or play documents For example, you might use WordPad or Microsoft Word to create, edit, and print typewritten documents You might use a graphics program to create drawings, or to edit digital photographs, as well as to print them A program such as Windows Media Player enables you to play multimedia documents such as music and video Opening programs To use a program, you need to start it on your system There are lots of different words for “starting” a program For example, the terms launch a program, open a program, run a program, execute a program, and fire up a program all mean the same as start a program Each program you start will generally appear in its own window on the Windows desktop The typical scenario for starting any program in Windows XP is as follows: Click the Start button If you see an icon for the program you want to start in the left half of the menu, click its icon and skip the remaining steps Click All Programs to see a more complete list of programs on your computer Click the icon for the program you want to start Alternatively, if necessary, click the option that provides the submenu for the program you want Then click the icon As an example of the last step, the icon for the Calculator program is inside the Accessories submenu Therefore, to start Calculator, you must point to Accessories, and then click the Calculator option, as in Figure 3-1 page 55 Windows XP Bible Figure 3-1: About to open the Windows Calculator applet If your Windows desktop or taskbar sports an icon for the program you want to start, you can, of course, just click (or double-click) that icon No need to go through the menus in that case Cross-Reference In Chapter 4, you’ll learn how to create your own shortcuts to favorite programs Chapter 13 shows you how to customize your Start menu for easy access to favorite programs Getting help in programs Most programs come with their own online help, similar to Windows online help The help a program offers, however, is geared toward that particular program rather than toward Windows XP To get to a program’s online help, while you’re in that program, try either of these methods: • • Choose Help Help Topics (or some similar option) from that program’s menu bar Or, just press the Help key (F1) on your keyboard The Help window that appears will be about the program you’re currently using Typically, the left pane initially shows a table of contents titled “Contents” on its tab In the Contents view, you can click any item that has a book icon to “open the book” and see the “pages” within Clicking an item that sports a “page” icon opens that page in help In Figure 3-2, for example, I opened the book named Calculator, and then clicked Perform a Simple Calculation to view the help in the right pane Figure 3-2: Viewing the “Perform a Simple Calculation” page in Calculator’s help page 56 Windows XP Bible Many programs’ help windows also offer an Index and Search option in the left pane For example, you can see tabs with those titles above the list of contents shown in Figure 3-2 Click the tab to look up specific information within the program’s help Because the help usually appears in a window that’s separate from the program’s window, you can move and size the windows to give you the best possible view of both If the windows overlap, you can click either window or its taskbar button to make it the active window As discussed in Chapter 2, the active window is always on the top of the stack and also is the only window capable of accepting keyboard input You also can reduce the size of the help window by closing the Topics list Click the Hide button in the help window’s toolbar to hide the list Click the Show button to reopen it To close the help window, click its Close (X) button, just as you’d close any other window Using the program Every program is different, so no hard-and-fast rules apply to all programs However, most programs share some common themes For example, most programs provide access to their features via menu commands, which you can get to by clicking the options in the menu bar near the top of the window Many programs offer toolbars, which just provide simple one-click access to the more commonly used menu commands Even though all programs are different, and therefore offer different commands, many programs’ menu bars offer the options in this list: • • • • • • • File: Use this menu to open, save, and close documents, as well as to print the document currently shown within the program’s document area Edit: Use this menu to access basic editing commands, as well as Cut, Copy, and Paste, for copying and moving items within a document, or from one document to another View: Use this menu to hide and display toolbars and to choose different ways to view the document you’re working on Format: Use this menu to format (change something about the appearance of) something within the document Tools: This menu contains any special tools that the program offers It also might offer an Options or Preferences option, which enables you to better tailor certain features of the program to your own needs Window: If the program you’re using enables you to have several documents open at the same time, the Window menu will provide options for arranging the document windows, and for easily jumping from one window to the next Help: As you know, this menu provides help for the program Most programs that enable you to edit documents work on a “select, then do” basis First select the item within the document that you want to change, move, edit, delete, or whatever To select text, drag the mouse pointer through it To select a picture, click the picture After you’ve made a selection, you’ll typically find the commands for working with the selected item on the Edit or Format menu Closing a program When you finish using a program, you should close it Use whichever of the following techniques is most convenient at the moment: • • • • Click the Close (X) button in the upper-right corner of the program’s window Or, choose File Exit from the program’s menu bar Or, right-click the program’s taskbar button and choose Close Or, press Alt+F4 page 57