9/7/2014 1 Module 1: Introduction to Networking Management Overview • What is network management? • Why manage network? • Challenges in managing enterprise networks • Network management areas • Implications for management 9/7/2014 2 What is Network Management ? • In general, network management is a service that employs a variety of tools applications and devices to assist human network of tools , applications , and devices to assist human network managers in monitoring and maintaining the performance of networks. • Network management means different things to different people. In some cases, it involves a solitary network consultant monitoring network activity with an outdated protocol analyser. In other cases, network management involves a distributed database, auto-polling of network devices, and high-end workstations generating real-time graphical views of network topology changes and traffic graphical views of network topology changes and traffic . *Ref CISCO Systems Website http://www.cisco.com/univercd/cc/td/doc/cisintwk/ito_doc/nmbasics.htm#xtocid4 What is Network Management – 2 • Network management refers to the activities, methods, d d t l th t t i t th ti proce d ures, an d t oo l s th a t per t a i n t o th e opera ti on, administration, maintenance and provisioning of networked systems. • Functions performed as part of network management include: – controlling, planning, allocating, deploying, coordinating and monitoring the resources of a network, – network planning, frequency allocation and predetermined traffic routing to support load balancing, thikditibti th i ti dit – cryp t ograp hi c k ey di s t r ib u ti on, au th or i sa ti on an d secur it y management – configuration management, fault management, performance management, bandwidth management; and accounting management 9/7/2014 3 Why bother with Network Performance Management ? Typical Performance Metrics • Mean Time Between Failures (MTBF) • Mean Time to Repair (MTTR) Mean Time to Repair (MTTR) • Response Time • Speed • Percentage Availability • Reliability • Errored Seconds Bit E R t (BER) • Bit E rror R a t e (BER) • Voice Quality • Others ? 9/7/2014 4 When things Fail This is an example of the case where if any one device or process fails the whole device or process has failed. When things Fail This is an example of the case where if any one device or process fails the whole device or process has failed. 9/7/2014 5 When things Fail This is an example of example of the case where all devices must fail for the whole the whole device or process to fail. However ! Network Performance Management Costs Money – Administrative Overheads – Equipment – Links and bearers – Protocol Overheads Processing and Software Overheads – Processing and Software Overheads –Etc. 9/7/2014 6 The Process for Business Grade Networking (Cisco Systems, 2010) Why Manage your Network? • Managing the network overall: Investments in faster servers better protocols high speed backbones – Investments in faster servers , better protocols , high - speed backbones and virtualised services have turned yesterday’s low-speed, data-only networks into information technology platforms supporting a multitude of business services. – The redundancy and rerouting designed into these networks has mostly hidden actual hardware or circuit outages from end users. • Managing network performance: – The bigger challenge is how to address the often-persistent intermittent li i d d i h h app li cat i on d egra d at i ons t h at represent a t h reat to revenue, customer service and reputation. – The packets transporting business applications throughout a global network can be leveraged for analysis to achieve the highest level of a network operations maturity process. – The reward for using these packets as evidence and implementing a mature management process for troubleshooting will be dramatic reductions in mean time to restore (MTTR) application services. (Haggerty, 2008) 9/7/2014 7 High Cost of Non- Responsiveness • Corporations Can Lose Millions of Dollars in Just One Hour If a Mission-Critical Application Becomes Unavailable or Does Not Run Correctly, Quickly or Completely Business Average US$ Cost per Hour Brokerage Operations $6.45 Million Credit Card Authorisation $2.6 Million Home Shopping TV $113,000 Pay-per-View TV $150,000 Catalog Sales $90,000 Airline Reservations $89,500 Tele-Ticket Sales $69,000 Package Shipping $28,000 ATM Fees $14,000 Source: Contingency Planning Research How Much Management? • Today’s computer and communications ft d h d h l so ft ware an d h ar d ware h ave very l arge amounts of management capability built in. • It is also possible to install additional software and hardware and other tools for the express purpose of more detailed the express purpose of more detailed management. 9/7/2014 8 5 Challenges in Managing Enterprise Networks • Lack of high-definition visibility A minute is an eternity for applications like automated market trading and waiting – A minute is an eternity for applications like automated market trading , and waiting for medical images to appear can impact treatment options • A unified network can no longer be managed as multiple traffic silos – In the modern, fully converged IP network, voice, video and data compete for common resources and can affect one another’s –even if individual applications seem to be working properly • You cannot manage what you cannot see – In dealing with service-oriented architecture-based applications, trouble-shooting must start at the virtual service network level –not the physical network level • Monitoring health of infrastructure elements is helpful – But also depends on the interaction and communications between network elements • Must be able to identify business use vs. recreational use vs. security threats – Recreational use often presents itself as legitimate traffic from users to a legacy management tool The Impact of Unmanaged Services Network Outages Cost money directly • Cost money directly – E.g. banks, airlines, transaction services • Cost money or Customers Indirectly – E.g. ISP’s, Telco’s etc. Outages may ultimately cause an organisation to go out of business 9/7/2014 9 Views of Network Management •CEO view – financial mana g ement of cor p orate comms network gp • management of orders, inventory, accounting information • CIO view – corporate budget – end-user perspective – providing more service with less money • End User view – require data comms infrastructure to be working at all times Outsourcing • Work does not stop when outsourcing to SiPid S erv i ce P rov id ers • No Service Providers will sign Unlimited Liability Liquidated Damages contracts • Network outages can kill companies 9/7/2014 10 Network Management Requirements • Fault Management • Accounting Management • Configuration and Name Management • Performance Management • Security Management Fault Management • A fault is an abnormal condition that requires management attention (or action) to repair. How do you define abnormal ? How do you define abnormal ? [...]... Adds, Moves and Changes Security Management • Concerned with: – monitoring and controlling access to networks – generating, distributing, and storing encryption keys – access to all or part of the network management information – collection, storage, and examination of audit records and security logs 12 9/7/2 014 Performance Management • Some typical issues of concern to the network manager include:... (Copyright 2 010 John Wiley & Sons, Inc) Implications for Management • Network management requires – – – – A good understanding of networking technologies An bili A ability to work with end users and management k ih d d An understanding of key elements driving network costs Requires special skill to explain the business value of the networks to senior management – Needed to justify increased cost of management. .. network management capabilities – Use powerful design and management tools-Saves money in the long run (Copyright 2 010 John Wiley & Sons, Inc) 16 9/7/2 014 References • CA (2008) Strategic Planning for Network and Systems Management, T hT M t TechTargetWhite P tWhit Paper, Available online: : A il bl li http://go.techtarget.com/r/4340222/3758 610 /1 • Cisco (2008) Network Management Basics, InInternetworking... http://www.cisco.com/en/US/docs/internetworking/technology/ handbook/NM-Basics.html • Haggerty, E (2008) Overcoming Today’s IP Network Challenges, Newsfactor.com White Paper, Available online: http://www.newsfactor.com/story.xhtml?story_id= 013 000FA05 htt // f t / t ht l? t id 013 000FA05 2E&page =1 • Wikipedia (2008) Network Management, Available online: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Network _management References •... (Copyright 2 010 John Wiley & Sons, Inc) Cost Management • One of the most g g challenging areas over the past few years – Traffic growing more rapidly than the budget – Managers are forced to provide greater capacity at an ever lower cost per megabyte (Copyright 2 010 John Wiley & Sons, Inc) 15 9/7/2 014 Sources of Cost • Total Cost of Ownership (TCO) – A measure of how much fh h it costs per year to keep... Section 19 .1 –‘Business Data Communications’, 5th edn, Pearson Education Inc., New Jersey Cisco Systems Inc, 2006, ‘Simple Network Management Protocol’, Internetworking Technologies Handbook, Chapter 56, Cisco Systems Inc www.Cisco.com FitzGerald, J and Dennis, A, 2005, Chapter 13 –‘Business Data Communications and Networking , 8th edn, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New Jersey FitzGerald, J and Dennis, A, 2 010 ,... Dennis, A, 2 010 , Chapter 12 –‘Business Data Communications and Networking , 10 th edn, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New Jersey Tang, E, Eddie, B and M tt B 2006, ‘Comparison of SNMP V i T E Eddi d Matt, 2006 ‘C i f Versions 1 2 1, 2 and 3’; WindowsNetworkig.com n.d,‘Understanding the SNMP Protocol’ www.windowsnetworking.com CP3340 Communication Systems-‘SNMP Environment’, www.scit.wlv.ac.uk 17 ... Accounting Management • Reasons for accounting management: – Internal charge backs on net ork use network se – User(s) may be abusing access privileges and burdening the network at the expense of other users – Users may be making inefficient use of the network – The network manager is in a better position to plan for network growth if user activity is known in sufficient detail 11 9/7/2 014 Configuration Management. .. of integrating voice and data management function – Simplifies the network, and can lower network costs – Eliminates one department – Is now more typically found in network management (Copyright 2 010 John Wiley & Sons, Inc) 14 9/7/2 014 Improving performance • General activities to improve performance that cut across the different types of networks: – P li b Policy-based management- Setting priority policies... independence – network management information stored on web servers 13 9/7/2 014 Key challenges • Shift to LANs and the Internet – Large scale move from using mainframes and terminals to PCs, LANs and the Internet • • Focus on integration of organisational networks and applications Main problems: – – • Future of network management lies in the successful management of multiple clients and servers over LANs, BN’s, . 9/7/2 014 1 Module 1: Introduction to Networking Management Overview • What is network management? • Why manage network? • Challenges in managing enterprise networks • Network management. companies 9/7/2 014 10 Network Management Requirements • Fault Management • Accounting Management • Configuration and Name Management • Performance Management • Security Management Fault Management • A . for management 9/7/2 014 2 What is Network Management ? • In general, network management is a service that employs a variety of tools applications and devices to assist human network of tools ,