MÔT SÔ PHAN NG HO A HOC TAO RA N CHÂT TH NG G P            *phan ng cu a kim loai tac dung v i n c        + kim loai kiêm va Ba, Ca phan ng nhiê t ô th ng tao khi H2            M + H2O M(OH)n + (n/2)H2 + Môt sô kim loai phan ng c v i n c nhiê t ô cao, giai phong khi H2               - t 80¤C ê n 100¤C: Mg   Mg + H2O M gO + H2 - t 200¤C ê n 600¤C: Mn, Zn, Cr, Fe   xM + yH2O MxOy + yH2 + cac kim loai tao hidroxit l ng tinh nh Al, Zn,       2Al sach + 6H2O 2Al(OH)3 + 2H2  *phan ng cu a kim loai v i axit     1. kim loai ng tr c H trong day iên hoa v i axit co gôc axit k co tinh oxi hoa(HCl, H2SO4              loang, ) vi du: Zn + 2HCl ZnCl2 + H2   2. Kim loai(tr Au, Pt) v i axit co gôc axit co tinh oxi hoa(H2SO4 c, HNO3): phan ng ta o              san phan kh la n chât (S, N2)      vi du: v i kim loai M, hoa tri cao nhât m, ta co        10M + 12mHNO3 10M(NO3)m + mN2 + 6mH2O 3xM + 4yH2SO4 c 3Mx(SO4)y + yS + 4yH2O   +CHU Y: nhiê t ô thâp(lanh), va nông ô rât loang thi HNO3 td v i Fe sinh khi H2                 Fe + HNO3 rât loang Fe(NO3)2 + H2   *phan ng nhiê t phân   1. Nhiêt phân muôi nitrat: khi nung muôi nitrat nhiê t ô cao thi phan ng luôn sinh ra O2.          2NaNO3 2NaNO2 + O2 2Cu(NO3)2 2CuO + O2 + 4NO2 2AgNO3 2Ag + O2 + 2NO2 2NH4NO3 2N2 +O2 + 4H2O(350¤C) NH4NO2 N2 + 2H2O ( un)  chu y:  2Ba(NO3)2 2BaO + 4NO2 + O2 2KNO3 + 3C + S K2S + N2 + 3CO2 2. Phan ng nhiê t phân HNO3:HNO3 dê bi phân huy ngoai anh sang         4HNO3 4NO2 + O2 + H2O 3. Nhiêt phân môt sô chât khac     2KClO3 2KCl + 3O2 (xuc tac: MnO2)   2KMnO4 K2MnO4 + MnO2 + O2 2CaOCl2 2CaCl2 + O2 (xuc tac: Co 2+)   2HgO 2Hg + O2 4FeSO4 2Fe2O3 + 4SO2 + O2 KClO4 KCl + 2O2 *phan ng i ên phân    1. i ên phân nong chay    2NaCl 2Na +Cl2 CaCl2 Ca + Cl2 4NaOH 4Na + O2 + 2H2O 2Al2O3 4Al + 3O2 (xuc tac: Na3AlF6)   6Fe2O3 4Fe3O4 + O2 2. i ên phân dung dich   2NaCl + 2H2O H2 + Cl2 + 2KOH ( iên phân dung dich co mang ng n)       2CuSO4 + 2H2O 2Cu + O2 + 2H2SO4 CuCl2 + H2O Cu + Cl2 + H2O 3. i ên phân n c   2H2O 2H2 + O2 (xuc tac: KOH)   *phan ng kim loa i tac dung v i muôi       vi du:  Fe + CuSO4 FeSO4 + Cu Cu + 2AgNO3 Cu(NO3)2 + 2Ag *phan ng kh oxit kim loa i: cac oxit cua kim loai trung binh, yêu.         vi du:  2Al + Fe2O3 2Fe + Al2O3 (xuc tac:nhiêt ô )      H2 + CuO H2O + Cu FeO + CO Fe + CO2 2ZnO + C 2Zn + CO2 *môt sô phan ng kha c     NaCl + H2O ( pdd k mang ng n) NaClO + H2    KH + H2O KOH + H2 3CuO + 2NH3 3Cu + N2 + 3H2O Be + 2NaOH Na2BeO2 + H2 Al + NaOH + H2O NaAlO2 + (3/2)H2 2FeCl3 + H2S 2FeCl2 + 2HCl + S 2FeCl3 + 2KI 2FeCl2 + 2KCl + I2 Fe(NO3)2 + AgNO3 Fe(NO3)3 + Ag 4CuO 2Cu2O + O2 (nung 1000¤C) (NH4)2Cr2O7 Cr2O3 + N2 + 4H2O (nung) I2 + H2S 2HI + S Br2 + 2HI 2HBr + I2 Br2 + 2KI 2KBr + I2 I2 + 2KClO3 2KIO3 + Cl2 2NH3 + 3Cl2 N2 + 6HCl MnO2 + 4HCl MnCl2 + Cl2 + 2H2O 2KMnO4 + 16HCl 2MnCl2 + 2KCl + 5Cl2 + 8H2O KClO3 + 6HCl KCl + 3Cl2 + 3H2O K2Cr2O7 + 14HCl 2CrCl3 + 2KCl + 3Cl2 + 7H2O CaOCl2 + 2HCl CaCl2 + Cl2 + H2O H2SO4 c + 2HBr SO2 + Br2 + 2H2O   2FeCl3 + 2HI 2FeCl2 + 2HCl + I2 2NaBr + MnO2 + 2H2SO4 c MnSO4 + Br2 + Na2SO4 + 2H2O   8HI khi + H2SO4 c 4I2 + H2S + 4H2O    4HCl khi + O2 <=> 2Cl2 + 2H2O (xuc tac: CuCl2, 400¤C)   4HBr + O2 2Br2 + 2H2O 4HBr + MnO2 MnBr2 + Br2 + 2H2O 2AgCl 2Ag en + Cl2 (xuc tac: anh sang)      H2S + Cl2 S + 2HCl 2NaClO 2NaCl + O2 ( t¤ <70¤C) NaClO + 2HCl Cl2 + NaCl + H2O HClO2 + 3HCl 2Cl2 + 2H2O NaClO2 NaCl + O2 4HCl + O2 2Cl2 + 2H2O 2Na2O2 + 2H2O O2 + 4NaOH SO2 + 2H2 2H2O + S SO2 + 2Mg 2MgO + S (nung) SO2 + 2H2S 2H2O + 3S 2H2S + O2 2H2O + S (nung) H2S + H2SO4 S + SO2 + 2H2O 5H2S + 2KMnO4 + 3H2SO4 5S + 2MnSO4 + K2SO4 + 8H2O SO2 + 2CO S + 2CO2 NH4Cl + NaNO2 N2 + NaCl + 2H2O 3CuO + 2NH4Cl 3Cu + N2 + 2HCl + 3H2O 2NO +2H2S 2S + N2 + 2H2O Ca3(SO4)2 + 3SiO2 + 5C 3CaSiO3 + 2P + 5CO C + H2O CO + H2 CO + H2O + PdCl2 Pd + 2HCl + CO2 Si + 2KOH + 2H2O K2SiO3 + H2 SiO2 + 2F2 SiF4 + O2 2H2O2 2H2O + O2 (xuc tac: MnO2)   H2O2 + Ag2O 2Ag + H2O + O2 2Ag + O3 Ag2O + O2 2KI + O3 + H2O I2 + 2KOH + O2 . Fe(NO3)2 + H2   *phan ng nhiê t phân   1. Nhiêt phân muôi nitrat: khi nung muôi nitrat nhiê t ô cao thi phan ng luôn sinh ra O2.          2NaNO3 2NaNO2 + O2 2Cu(NO3)2 2CuO + O2. MÔT SÔ PHAN NG HO A HOC TAO RA N CHÂT TH NG G P            *phan ng cu a kim loai tac dung v i n c     