Đang tải... (xem toàn văn)
sách giới thiệu các phương pháp phân tích hóa học đây là tài liệu tiếng anh mấy mem có thể dùng gg để dịch tài liệu khá hay đó...........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
CHROMATOGRAPHY – THE MOST VERSATILE METHOD OF CHEMICAL ANALYSIS Edited by Leonardo de Azevedo Calderon Chromatography – The Most Versatile Method of Chemical Analysis http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/2707 Edited by Leonardo de Azevedo Calderon Contributors Rodrigo G. Stábeli, Rodrigo Simões-Silva, Anderson M. Kayano, Gizeli S. Gimenez, Andrea A. Moura, Cleópatra A. S. Caldeira, Antonio Coutinho-Neto, Kayena D. Zaqueo, Juliana P. Zuliani, Leonardo A. Calderon, Andreimar M. Soares, Emma B. Casanave, M. Soledad Araujo, Gustavo H. López, Phan Van Chi, Nguyen Tien Dung, Robert Roškar, Tina Trdan Lušin, Paolo Lucci, Deborah Pacetti, Oscar Núñez, Natale G. Frega, Jolanta Rubaj, Waldemar Korol, Grażyna Bielecka, Juan M. Traverso-Soto, Eduardo González-Mazo, Pablo A. Lara-Martín, Saksit Chanthai, Thanee Tessiri, Jin HaiRu, Jiang Xiangyan, Manabu Asakawa, Yasuo Shida, Keisuke Miyazawa, Tamao Noguchi, Wangsa T. Ismaya, Khomaini Hasan, Toto Subroto, Dessy Natalia, Soetijoso Soemitro, Vijay Prabha, Siftjit Kaur, Sankar Ramachandran, Moganavelli Singh, Mahitosh Mandal, Maria Helene Giovanetti Canteri, Alessandro Nogueira, Carmen Lúcia de Oliveira Petkowicz, Gilvan Wosiacki, Mihalj Poša, Fabrice Mutelet, Biljana Nigović, Ana Mornar, Miranda Sertić Published by InTech Janeza Trdine 9, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia Copyright © 2012 InTech All chapters are Open Access distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 license, which allows users to download, copy and build upon published articles even for commercial purposes, as long as the author and publisher are properly credited, which ensures maximum dissemination and a wider impact of our publications. After this work has been published by InTech, authors have the right to republish it, in whole or part, in any publication of which they are the author, and to make other personal use of the work. Any republication, referencing or personal use of the work must explicitly identify the original source. Notice Statements and opinions expressed in the chapters are these of the individual contributors and not necessarily those of the editors or publisher. No responsibility is accepted for the accuracy of information contained in the published chapters. The publisher assumes no responsibility for any damage or injury to persons or property arising out of the use of any materials, instructions, methods or ideas contained in the book. Publishing Process Manager Oliver Kurelic Typesetting InTech Prepress, Novi Sad Cover InTech Design Team First published October, 2012 Printed in Croatia A free online edition of this book is available at www.intechopen.com Additional hard copies can be obtained from orders@intechopen.com Chromatography – The Most Versatile Method of Chemical Analysis, Edited by Leonardo de Azevedo Calderon p. cm. ISBN 978-953-51-0813-9 Contents Preface IX Chapter 1 Purification of Phospholipases A 2 from American Snake Venoms 1 Rodrigo G. Stábeli, Rodrigo Simões-Silva, Anderson M. Kayano, Gizeli S. Gimenez, Andrea A. Moura, Cleópatra A. S. Caldeira, Antonio Coutinho-Neto, Kayena D. Zaqueo, Juliana P. Zuliani, Leonardo A. Calderon and Andreimar M. Soares Chapter 2 Use of Chromatography in Animal Ecology 35 Emma B. Casanave, M. Soledad Araujo and Gustavo H. López Chapter 3 2D-NanoLC-ESI-MS/MS for Separation and Identification of Mouse Brain Membrane Proteins 63 Phan Van Chi and Nguyen Tien Dung Chapter 4 Analytical Methods for Quantification of Drug Metabolites in Biological Samples 79 Robert Roškar and Tina Trdan Lušin Chapter 5 Current Trends in Sample Treatment Techniques for Environmental and Food Analysis 127 Paolo Lucci, Deborah Pacetti, Oscar Núñez and Natale G. Frega Chapter 6 Using High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) for Analyzing Feed Additives 165 Jolanta Rubaj, Waldemar Korol and Grażyna Bielecka Chapter 7 Analysis of Surfactants in Environmental Samples by Chromatographic Techniques 187 Juan M. Traverso-Soto, Eduardo González-Mazo and Pablo A. Lara-Martín Chapter 8 Application of HPLC Analysis of Medroxyprogesterone Acetate in Human Plasma 217 Saksit Chanthai and Thanee Tessiri VI Contents Chapter 9 Chromatographic Analysis of Nitrogen Utilization and Transport in Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungal Symbiosis 231 Jin HaiRu and Jiang Xiangyan Chapter 10 Instrumental Analysis of Tetrodotoxin 245 Manabu Asakawa, Yasuo Shida, Keisuke Miyazawa and Tamao Noguchi Chapter 11 Chromatography as the Major Tool in the Identification and the Structure-Function Relationship Study of Amylolytic Enzymes from Saccharomycopsis Fibuligera R64 271 Wangsa T. Ismaya, Khomaini Hasan, Toto Subroto, Dessy Natalia and Soetijoso Soemitro Chapter 12 Isolation and Purification of Sperm Immobilizing/Agglutinating Factors from Bacteria and Their Corresponding Receptors from Human Spermatozoa 295 Vijay Prabha and Siftjit Kaur Chapter 13 Purification of Azurin from Pseudomonas Aeuroginosa 311 Sankar Ramachandran, Moganavelli Singh and Mahitosh Mandal Chapter 14 Characterization of Apple Pectin – A Chromatographic Approach 325 Maria Helene Giovanetti Canteri, Alessandro Nogueira, Carmen Lúcia de Oliveira Petkowicz and Gilvan Wosiacki Chapter 15 Chromatographic Retention Parameters as Molecular Descriptors for Lipophilicity in QSA(P)R Studies of Bile Acid 343 Mihalj Poša Chapter 16 The Use of Solvation Models in Gas Chromatography 365 Fabrice Mutelet Chapter 17 A Review of Current Trends and Advances in Analytical Methods for Determination of Statins: Chromatography and Capillary Electrophoresis 385 Biljana Nigović, Ana Mornar and Miranda Sertić Preface Since its invention by the Russian botanist Mikhail Semyonovich Tsvet in 1901 [1], chromatography has evolved into a flexible analytical technique of which there are many permutations with various applications both in academia and industry, and is considered the most versatile of all methods of chemical analysis. Chromatography is used in the separation of compounds according to their distribution between two phases. The compound mixture is dissolved in a fluid known as mobile phase, which carries it through a structure holding another material known as stationary phase. The various constituents of the compound mixture travel at different speeds due to differences in the compound's partition coefficient which allows the separation based on differential partitioning between the two phases resulting in differential retention on the stationary phase, thus performing the separation. Nowadays, the use of chromatography is associated with a wide range of detection systems, including electrochemical, photometric and mass spectrometry, and plays a vital role in the advancement of science. The authors of Chromatography - the Most Versatile Method of Chemical Analysis have contributed chapters which focus on purification, analysis, models, retention parameters and sample preparation with different applications in biotechnology, ecology, environment, food and toxicology. Finally, I am most happy to have received contributions from internationally renowned contributors from different parts of the world join us to report on their traditional and innovative approaches, as well as reviews of the most relevant and impacting aspects of chromatography. I hope that readers of this book will find new ideas, approaches and inspiration to solve separation problems. Finally, I would like to thank all the authors and Mr. Oliver Kurelic for their contributions and their cooperation throughout the previous year. Leonardo de Azevedo Calderon Centro de Estudos de Biomoléculas Aplicadas a Saúde Universidade Federal de Rondônia Fundação Oswaldo Cruz , Porto Velho, Brazil [1] Heftmann, E. (1983). History of chromatography and electrophoresis. Journal of Chromatography Library 22(A): A19–A26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0301-4770(08)60863-5 [...]... position 1 of this ring, in an appropriate special position A water molecule then promotes the nucleophilic attack to the carbon of the ester group of the substrate and, at this moment, the imidazole ring of the His48 receives a proton 4 Chromatography – The Most Versatile Method of Chemical Analysis from the water molecule, favoring the reaction Subsequently to the acyl-ester bond hydrolysis at the sn-2... representation of the catalysis mechanism proposed for the PLA2s Interaction of the residues from the catalytic site of sPLA2s and the calcium ion with the transition state of the catalytic reaction in which a water molecule polarized by the His48 and Asp99 residues binds to the carbonyl group of the substrate [18] The substitution of the Asp49 residue by the Lys49 significantly alters the binding site of Ca2+... Venomic can be defined as an analysis in large scale of the components present in the venom of a certain species In this context, the proteomic approach has allowed a better understanding of the venom components, through the application of many instruments that 16 Chromatography – The Most Versatile Method of Chemical Analysis enables the analysis of their expression, structure, pos-traductional modifications... pyramid [9,15] The catalytic mechanism of the PLA2-phospholipid involves the nucleophilic attack of a water molecule to the sn-2 bond of the phospholipid substrate (Figure 2) In the proposed model, the proton from position 3 of the imidazole ring of the His48 residue involved in a strong interaction with the carboxylate group of the Asp49 prevents the imidazole ring rotation to occur and keeps the nitrogen... that these advances had strongly contributed to the solubilization of a greater number of proteins to be analyzed in bidimensional electrophoresis 18 Chromatography – The Most Versatile Method of Chemical Analysis The proteomic analysis of snake components has made use of the 2D electrophoresis as a tool, due to its high-resolution capability that allows, in a single process, the determination of apparent... purify these toxins The association of the Ion-exchange chromatography and molecular exclusion has been one of the most recurrent in isolation and purification of phospholipases from bothropic venoms Gel filtration chromatography is a technique based in particle size to obtain the separation In this type of separation there is no physical or chemical interaction between the molecules of the analyte and the. .. the sn-2 position of the phospholipid, this proton is donated by the imidazole ring to the oxygen, which then forms the alcohol group of the lysophospholipid to be released together with the fatty acid [15,17] The Ca2+ ion, coordinated by the Asp49 residue, a water molecule and the oxygen atoms from the Gly30, Trp31 and Gly32 (not shown), are responsible for the stabilization of the reactive intermediary... SDS-PAGE is a method related to the migration of charged particles in a medium under the influence of a continuous electric field [53] From the electrophoretic point of view, the most important properties of the proteins are molar mass, charge and conformation Mono dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis permit the analysis of the protein in its native or denatured form In the first case, there are... functional groups (phenyl and aryl) of the stationary phase Proteins should be submitted to the presence of a high saline concentration, which stabilize then and increases water entropy, thus amplifying hydrophobic interactions In the presence of high salt concentrations, the matrix functional groups interact and retain the 14 Chromatography – The Most Versatile Method of Chemical Analysis proteins that have... (phosphatidic acid) A solution of fluorescent lipids should be previously prepared in a 1 mg/ml concentration in chloroform 100 µL aliquots are distributed and then dried under nitrogen flow The dried lipid will be solubilized in 1 ml of NaCl 0.15 M and sonicated until the obtention of a limpid solution For 22 Chromatography – The Most Versatile Method of Chemical Analysis the test, the lipids should be diluted . CHROMATOGRAPHY – THE MOST VERSATILE METHOD OF CHEMICAL ANALYSIS Edited by Leonardo de Azevedo Calderon Chromatography – The Most Versatile Method of Chemical Analysis. attack to the carbon of the ester group of the substrate and, at this moment, the imidazole ring of the His48 receives a proton Chromatography – The Most Versatile Method of Chemical Analysis. exchange resin. Chromatography – The Most Versatile Method of Chemical Analysis 6 Scientific publications have shown that the use of cation-exchange resins is a very efficient method to obtain