onto 217 opposition time, only the train was late. ȣ only just almost not ȣ only too very much onto onto /ɒntə, ɒntυ, ɒntu/ preposition on or to something ć The speaker went up onto the platform. ć The door opens directly onto the garden. ć Turn the box onto its side. open open /əυpən/ adjective 1. not shut ć The safe door is open. ć Leave the win- dow open – it’s very hot in here. 2. avail- able for use by or the enjoyment of the public ć Is the supermarket open on Sundays? ć The show is open from 9 a.m. to 6 p.m. ć The competition is open to anyone over the age of fifteen. í verb 1. to make something open ć Can you open the door for me, I’m trying to carry these heavy boxes? ć Don’t open the envelope until tomorrow. 2. to start do- ing something, to start a business ć A new restaurant is going to open next door to us. ć Most shops open early in the morning. opener opener /əυp(ə)nə/ noun a piece of equipment for opening things such as tins or bottles opening opening /əυp(ə)nŋ/ noun 1. an occa- sion or time at which something opens ć The opening of the exhibition has been postponed. ć The office opening times are 9.30 to 5.30. 2. a hole or space ć The cows got out through an opening in the wall. opera opera /ɒp(ə)rə/ noun a performance on a stage with music in which the words are sung and not spoken operate operate /ɒpəret/ verb 1. to make something work ć He knows how to op- erate the machine. ć She is learning how to operate the new telephone switchboard. 2. to treat a patient by cut- ting open the body ć She was operated on by Mr Jones. ć The surgeon decided she would have to operate on the pa- tient. operation operation /ɒpə  reʃ(ə)n/ noun 1. an organised activity carried out to achieve a specific aim ć The rescue operation was successful. 2. a medical treatment, usually involving cutting open a per- son’s body ć She’s had three operations on her leg. ć The operation lasted al- most two hours. opinion opinion /ə  pnjən/ noun what someone thinks about a subject ć Ask the lawyer for his opinion about the letter. ć In my opinion, we should wait until the weath- er gets warmer before we go on holiday. ć Tell me what in your opinion we should do. opponent opponent /ə  pəυnənt/ noun 1. a person or group which is against something ć Opponents of the planned motorway have occupied the site. 2. ( in boxing, an election, etc. ) a person who fights someone else ć His opponent in the election is a local councillor. ć He knocked out his last three opponents. opportunity opportunity /ɒpə  tjunti/ noun a chance allows you to do something ć When you were in London, did you have an opportunity to visit St Paul’s Cathe- dral? ć I’d like to take this opportunity to thank all members of staff for the work they have done over the past year. oppose oppose /ə  pəυz/ verb 1. to put yourself against someone in an election ć She is opposing him in the election. 2. to try to prevent something happening ć Several groups oppose the new law. opposed to opposed to /ə  pəυzd tu/ adjective not agreeing with ć He is opposed to the government’s policy on education. opposite opposite /ɒpəzt/ preposition on the other side of, facing ć I work in the of- fices opposite the railway station. ć She sat down opposite me. í adjective which is on the other side ć The shop’s not on this side of the street – it’s on the opposite side. ć Her van hit a tree on the opposite side of the road. ć Her van was hit by a lorry going in the opposite di- rection. í noun something which is completely different ć ‘Black’ is the op- posite of ‘white.’ ć She’s just the oppo- site of her brother – he’s tall and thin, she’s short and fat. ć He likes to say one thing, and then do the opposite. opposition opposition /ɒpə  zʃ(ə)n/ noun 1. the act of opposing something ć There was a lot of opposition to the company’s plans to build a supermarket. 2. ( in pol- itics ) the party or group which opposes the government ć The leader of the op- position rose to speak. ć The party lost the election and is now in opposition. Basic.fm Page 217 Friday, January 16, 2004 3:10 PM This is trial version www.adultpdf.com This is trial version www.adultpdf.com optician 218 organised optician optician /ɒp  tʃ(ə)n/ noun a person who tests your eyes and sells glasses option option /ɒpʃən/ noun a choice ć One op- tion would be to sell the house. ć The tour offers several options as half-day visits. or or /ɔ/ conjunction 1. used for joining two parts of a sentence which show two pos- sibilities ć You can come with us in the car or just take the bus. ć Do you prefer tea or coffee? ć Was he killed in an ac- cident or was he murdered? ć The film starts at 6.30 or 6.45, I can’t remember which. 2. used for showing that you are not sure about an amount ć Five or six people came into the shop. ć It costs three or four dollars. oral oral /ɔrəl/ adjective spoken rather than written down ć There is an oral test as well as a written one. orange orange /ɒrnd/ noun a sweet, brightly coloured Mediterranean fruit ć roast duck and orange sauce ć She had a glass of orange juice and a cup of coffee for breakfast. í adjective of the colour of an orange ć That orange tie is awful. ć She wore a dark orange dress. orbit orbit /ɔbt/ noun the curved path of something moving through space ć The rocket will put the satellite into orbit round the earth. í verb to move in a curved path round something ć The sat- ellite orbits the earth once every five hours. orchestra orchestra /ɔkstrə/ noun a large group of musicians who play together ć the London Symphony Orchestra order order /ɔdə/ noun 1. an instruction to someone to do something ć He shouted orders to the workmen. ć If you can’t obey orders you can’t be a soldier. 2. ( of a customer ) the act of asking for some- thing to be served or to be sent ć We’ve had a large order for books from Russia. ć She gave the waitress her order. 3. a special way of organising things accord- ing to date, alphabet, etc ć Put the in- voices in order of their dates. 4. ˽ in or- der to used for showing why something is done ć She called out all their names in order to check who was there. ć He looked under the car in order to see if there was an oil leak. í verb 1. to tell someone to do something ć They or- dered the protesters out of the building. ć The doctor ordered him to take four weeks’ holiday. 2. ( of a customer ) to ask for something to be served or to be sent ć They ordered chicken and chips and some wine. ć I’ve ordered a new computer for the office. ć They ordered a Rolls Royce for the managing director. ordinary ordinary /ɔd(ə)n(ə)ri/ adjective not special ć I’ll wear my ordinary suit to the wedding. ć They lead a very ordi- nary life. ȣ out of the ordinary unusu- al or different ć Their flat is quite out of the ordinary. organ organ /ɔən/ noun 1. a part of the body with a special function, such as the heart or liver ć He was badly injured and some of his organs had stopped func- tioning. 2. a musical instrument which is often played in churches with one or more keyboards and many pipes through which air is pumped to make a sound ć She played the organ at our wedding. organic organic /ɔ  nk/ adjective relating to living things organisation organisation /ɔəna  zeʃ(ə)n/, or- ganization noun 1. the act of arranging something ć The organisation of the meeting is done by the secretary. 2. an organised group or institution ć He’s chairman of an organisation which looks after blind people. ć International relief organisations are sending sup- plies. organisational organisational /ɔəna  zeʃ(ə)n(ə)l/, organizational adjec- tive relating to the way in which some- thing is organised organise organise /ɔənaz/, organize verb 1. to arrange something ć She is responsi- ble for organising the meeting. ć We or- ganised ourselves into two groups. ć The company is organised in three sec- tions. 2. to put into good order ć We have put her in charge of organising the city archives. organised organised /ɔənazd/, organized ad- jective 1. ( of a person ) working effi- ciently and according to a plan 2. ( of an activity ) planned carefully, and involv- ing many different people or elements Basic.fm Page 218 Friday, January 16, 2004 3:10 PM This is trial version www.adultpdf.com This is trial version www.adultpdf.com organiser 219 outer organiser organiser /ɔənazə/, organizer noun a person who arranges things origin origin /ɒrdn/ noun where something or someone comes from ć What is the origin of the word ‘taboo’? ć His family has French origins. original original /ə  rdən(ə)l/ adjective 1. new and interesting ć The planners have produced some very original ideas for the new town centre. 2. not a copy ć They sent a copy of the original invoice. ć He kept the original receipt for refer- ence. í noun a thing from which other things are copied ć Send the police a copy, but make sure you keep the origi- nal. originally originally /ə  rdən(ə)l/ adverb in the beginning ć Originally it was mine, but I gave it to my brother. ć The family originally came from France in the 18th century. ornament ornament /ɔnəmənt/ noun a small ob- ject used as decoration ć There’s a row of china ornaments on the mantelpiece. other other /ðə/ adjective , pronoun 1. a dif- ferent person or thing ć We went swim- ming while the other members of the group sat and watched. ć I don’t like chocolate cakes – can I have one of the others? ć I’m fed up with that restau- rant – can’t we go to some other place? 2. second one of two ć He has two cars – one is red, and the other one is blue. ć One of their daughters is fat, but the other is quite thin. í pronoun ˽ others other people or things ć I’ll have to ask the others if they agree. ć Are there any others in the box? otherwise otherwise /ðəwaz/ adverb 1. apart from something just mentioned ć Your little boy can be noisy sometimes, but otherwise he’s an excellent pupil. 2. if not, or else ć Are you sure you can come on Tuesday? – Otherwise I’ll have to give the tickets to someone else. ought ought /ɔt/ modal verb 1. it would be a good thing to ć You ought to go swim- ming more often. ć You ought to see the doctor if your cough doesn’t get better. ć He oughtn’t to eat so much – he’ll get fat. ć The travel agent ought to have told you the hotel was full before you went on holiday. 2. used for showing that you expect something to happen or to be the case ć She ought to pass her driving test easily. ć He left his office at six, so he ought to be home by now. (NOTE: The negative is ought not, shortened to oughtn’t. Note also that ought is always followed by to and a verb in the infinitive.) ounce ounce /aυns/ noun a measure of weight, equal to 28 grams (NOTE: usually writ- ten oz after figures: 3oz of butter , say ‘three ounces of butter’) our our /aυə/ adjective belonging to us ć Our office is near the station. ć Our cat is missing again. ć Two of our children caught flu. (NOTE: Do not confuse with hour.) ours ours /aυəz/ pronoun a thing or person that belongs to us ć That house over there is ours. ć Friends of ours told us that the restaurant was good. ć Can we borrow your car, because ours is being serviced? (NOTE: Do not confuse with hours.) ourselves ourselves /aυə  selvz/ pronoun to for referring back to the subject pronoun ‘we’ ć We all organised ourselves into two teams. ć We were enjoying our- selves when the police came. out out /aυt/ adverb 1. away from inside ć How did the tiger get out of its cage? ć She pulled out a box of matches. ć Take the computer out of its packing case. 2. not at home ć No one answered the phone – they must all be out. outcome outcome /aυtkm/ noun a result ć The outcome of the match was in doubt until the final few minutes. ć What was the outcome of the appeal? outdoor outdoor /aυt  dɔ/ adjective in the open air outdoors outdoors /aυt  dɔz/ adverb in the open air, not inside a building ć The ceremo- ny is usually held outdoors. ć Why don’t we take our coffee outdoors and sit in the sun? ć The concert will be held out- doors if the weather is good. (NOTE: You can also say out of doors.) outer outer /aυtə/ adjective on the outside ć Though the outer surface of the pie was hot, the inside was still cold. Basic.fm Page 219 Friday, January 16, 2004 3:10 PM This is trial version www.adultpdf.com This is trial version www.adultpdf.com outfit 220 overlap outfit outfit /aυtft/ noun a set of clothes, of- ten worn for a particular purpose ć She bought a new outfit for the wedding. ć For the fancy dress party she wore a nurse’s outfit. outing outing /aυtŋ/ noun a short trip ć The children went on an outing to the sea- side. outline outline /aυtlan/ noun a line showing the outer edge of something ć He drew the outline of a car on the paper. out of date out of date /aυt əv det/ adjective 1. without recent information 2. no longer in fashion ć Flared trousers are rather out of date. outside outside /aυtsad/ noun the outer sur- face or the part which is not inside ć He polished the outside of his car. ć The apple was red and shiny on the outside, but rotten inside. í adjective which is on the outer surface ć The outside walls of the house are made of brick. í ad- verb not inside a building ć It’s beauti- ful and warm outside in the garden. ć The dog’s all wet – it must be raining outside. outstanding outstanding /aυt  stndŋ/ adjective excellent or of a very high standard or quality ć an antique Chinese vase of outstanding quality ć Her performance was outstanding. outwards outwards /aυtwədz/ adverb towards the outside or away from the centre or starting point oval oval /əυv(ə)l/ noun a long round shape similar to an egg, but flat í adjective with this shape ć The pie was cooked in an oval bowl. oven oven /v(ə)n/ noun a metal box with a door, used for cooking ć Don’t put that plate in the oven – it’s made of plastic. ć Supper is cooking in the oven. ć Can you look in the oven and see if the meat is cooked? over over /əυvə/ preposition 1. above or high- er than ć He put a blanket over the bed. ć Planes fly over our house every minute. ć The river rose over its banks. 2. on the other side or to the other side ć Our office is just over the road from the bank. ć He threw the ball over the wall. ć The children ran over the road. 3. from the top of ć He fell over the cliff. ć She looked over the edge of the balcony. 4. during ć Over the last few weeks the weather has been cold and wet. ć Let’s discuss the problem over lunch. 5. more than ć Children over 16 years old have to pay full price. ć The car costs over £40,000. ć We had to wait for over two hours. í adverb 1. down from being up- right ć The bottle fell over and all the contents poured out. ć She knocked over the plant pot. ć He leaned over and picked up a pin from the floor. 2. more than ć Children of 16 and over pay full price. ć There are special prices for groups of 30 and over. 3. not used, left behind ć Any food left over after the meal can be given to the poor. í adjec- tive finished ć Is the match over yet? ć When the civil war was over everyone had more food to eat. overall overall /əυvər  ɔl/ adjective covering or taking in everything ć The overall im- pression was favourable. overcome overcome /əυvə  km/ verb 1. to deal with a difficult situation ć Do you think the drugs problem can ever be over- come? 2. to make someone helpless ć She was overcome by fear. ć Two people were overcome by smoke. 3. to gain vic- tory over an enemy ć The army quickly overcame the invaders. (NOTE: over- comes – overcoming – overcame / əυvə  kem/ – has overcome) overgrown overgrown /əυvə  rəυn/ adjective ( of e.g. a garden ) covered with plants and long grass because of not being looked after overhead overhead /əυvə  hed/ adverb above you ć Look at that plane overhead. overhear overhear /əυvə  hə/ verb to hear acci- dentally something which you are not meant to hear ć I couldn’t help over- hearing what you said just then. (NOTE: overhears – overhearing – over- heard / əυvə  hd/) overlap overlap 1 /əυvəlp/ verb to cover part of something else ć Try not to let the pieces of wallpaper overlap. (NOTE: overlaps – overlapping – over- lapped) overlap overlap 2 /əυvə  lp/ noun an amount by which something overlaps Basic.fm Page 220 Friday, January 16, 2004 3:10 PM This is trial version www.adultpdf.com This is trial version www.adultpdf.com overlook 221 ozone overlook overlook /əυvə  lυk/ verb not to notice something ć She overlooked several mistakes when she was correcting the exam papers. overseas overseas 1 /əυvə  siz/ adverb in or to a foreign country ć He went to work over- seas for some years. ć Sue’s gone over- seas for a few weeks. overseas overseas 2 /əυvəsiz/ adjective relating to foreign countries ć Overseas sales are important for our company. overtake overtake /əυvə  tek/ verb to go past someone travelling in front of you (NOTE: overtakes – overtaking – overtook – has overtaken) overweight overweight /əυvə  wet/ adjective hav- ing a body that weighs too much owe owe /əυ/ verb 1. to be in a situation where you will have to pay someone money, either because you have borrowed some from them, or because you have bought something from them ć He still owes me the £50 he borrowed last month. 2. to feel that something should be done ć He owes her an apology. ć I owe my sis- ter a letter. owing to owing to /əυŋ tu/ preposition because of ć The plane was late owing to fog. owl owl /aυl/ noun a large bird which hunts small animals, mainly at night own own /əυn/ adjective belonging to you alone ć I don’t need to borrow a car – I have my own car. ć He has his own book shop. í noun ˽ on my or his or her, etc own alone ć He built the house all on his own. ć I’m on my own this evening – my girlfriend’s gone out with her fam- ily. í verb to have or to possess ć There’s no sense in owning a car, since there’s nowhere to park. owner owner /əυnə/ noun a person who owns something ć The police are trying to find the owner of the stolen car. ć Insur- ance is necessary for all house owners. oxygen oxygen /ɒksdən/ noun a common gas which is present in the air and is essen- tial for plant and animal life ozone ozone /əυzəυn/ noun a harmful form of oxygen, which is found in the atmos- phere and which is poisonous to humans when concentrated Basic.fm Page 221 Friday, January 16, 2004 3:10 PM This is trial version www.adultpdf.com This is trial version www.adultpdf.com P p p /pi/, P noun the sixteenth letter of the alphabet, between O and Q pace pace /pes/ noun 1. the distance covered by one step ć Walk thirty paces to the north of the stone. ć Step three paces back. 2. speed ć The car was travelling at quite a pace. í verb to measure by walking ć He paced out the distance be- tween the tree and the house. pack pack /pk/ noun 1. a set of things put to- gether in a box ć He bought a pack of chewing gum. 2. a set of playing cards ć a pack of cards ć Shuffle the pack. 3. a group of wild animals together ć a pack of wild dogs 4. a bag which you can car- ry on your back ć Will you be able to manage this walk with a heavy pack on your back? í verb 1. to put things into a suitcase ready for travelling ć The taxi’s arrived and she hasn’t packed her suitcase yet. ć I’ve finished packing, so we can start. ć He packed his tooth- brush at the bottom of the bag. 2. to put things in containers ready for sending ć The books are packed in boxes of twenty. ć Fish are packed in ice. 3. to put a lot of people or things into something ć How can you pack ten adults into one tent? ć The streets are packed with Christmas shoppers. ć The supermarket shelves are packed with fruit and vege- tables. pack off phrasal verb to send someone away ( informal ) ć We’ve packed the children off to their grandparents for the summer holidays. pack up phrasal verb 1. to put things into a box before going away ć They packed up all their equipment and left. 2. to stop working ć I’ll pack up now and finish the job tomorrow morning. package package /pkd/ noun 1. a parcel which has been wrapped up for sending ć There was a package for you in the post. ć We mailed the package to you yesterday. 2. a box or bag in which goods are sold ć Instructions for use are printed on the package. 3. a set of goods or services offered together at one time ć a software package package holiday package holiday /pkd hɒlde/ noun a holiday where everything in- cluding a hotel, food and travel is ar- ranged and paid for before you leave packaging packaging /pkdŋ/ noun 1. paper, cardboard or plastic used to wrap goods ć The boxes are sent in plastic packag- ing. 2. the act of wrapping of goods ć The packaging is all done by machines. packed packed /pkt/ adjective 1. full of peo- ple ć The restaurant was packed and there were no free tables. 2. put in a con- tainer ć a packed lunch packet packet /pkt/ noun a small bag, parcel or box ć a packet of cigarettes ć a pack- et of soup pad pad /pd/ noun 1. a soft cushion which protects a person or thing from some- thing ć Put a pad of cotton on your knee. 2. a set of sheets of paper attached together í verb to walk softly with reg- ular steps ć The tiger was padding up and down in its cage. (NOTE: pads – padding – padded) padlock padlock /pdlɒk/ noun a small lock with a hook ć The gate is fastened with a padlock. page page /ped/ noun a side of a sheet of pa- per used in a book, newspaper or maga- zine ć It’s a short book, it only has 64 pages. ć The crossword is on the back page. ć Start reading at page 34. ć Look at the picture on page 6. (NOTE: With numbers the word the is left out: on the next page but on page 50 .) í verb to call someone by radio, over a loudspeaker, etc. ć Mr Smith isn’t in his office at the moment – I’ll page him for you. paid paid /ped/ past tense and past participle of pay Basic.fm Page 222 Friday, January 16, 2004 3:10 PM This is trial version www.adultpdf.com This is trial version www.adultpdf.com pail 223 paper pail pail /pel/ noun an old-fashioned word for a bucket (NOTE: Do not confuse with pale.) pain pain /pen/ noun a feeling in your body of being hurt or ill ć If you have a pain in your chest, you ought to see a doctor. ć She had to take drugs because she could not stand the pain. ć I get pains in my teeth when I eat ice cream. painful painful /penf(ə)l/ adjective hurting, causing pain ć She got a painful blow on the back of the head. ć I have very painful memories of my first school. painstaking painstaking /penztekŋ/ adjective ( of a person ) done slowly and carefully in order to avoid mistakes ć The design is the result of years of painstaking ef- fort. paint paint /pent/ noun a coloured liquid which you use to give something a col- our or to make a picture ć We gave the ceiling two coats of paint. ć I need a two-litre tin of green paint. ć The paint’s coming off the front door. (NOTE: no plural) í verb 1. to cover something with paint ć We got someone in to paint the house. ć They painted their front door blue. ć She painted her toenails bright red. 2. to make a picture of some- thing using paint ć She painted a pic- ture of the village. ć He’s painting his mother. ć The sky is not easy to paint. paintbrush paintbrush /pentbrʃ/ noun a brush used to put paint on something (NOTE: The plural is paintbrushes.) painter painter /pentə/ noun 1. a person who paints something such as a house ć The painter is coming next week to paint the kitchen. 2. a person who paints pictures ć He collects pictures by 19th-century French painters. painting painting /pentŋ/ noun 1. the act of putting paint on something or of making pictures with paint ć Painting and dec- orating is my trade 2. a picture done with paints ć Do you like this painting of the old church? pair pair /peə/ noun 1. two things taken to- gether ć a pair of socks ć a pair of gloves ć She’s bought a new pair of boots. 2. two things joined together to make a single one ć I’m looking for a clean pair of trousers. ć Where’s my pair of green shorts? ć This pair of scis- sors is blunt. pal pal /pl/ noun a friend ( informal ) palace palace /pls/ noun a large building where a king, queen, president, etc., lives pale pale /pel/ adjective 1. light-coloured ć What colour is your hat? – It’s a pale blue colour. 2. not looking healthy, with a white face ć She’s always pale and that worries me. ć When she read the letter she went pale. (NOTE: paler – pal- est. Do not confuse with pail.) palm palm /pɑm/ noun 1. the soft inside sur- face of your hand ć She held out some crumbs in the palm of her hand and the birds came and ate them. 2. a tall tropi- cal tree with long leaves ć an oasis sur- rounded by date palms ć The boy climbed a coconut palm and brought down a nut. pan pan /pn/ noun a metal cooking contain- er with a handle ć Boil the potatoes in a pan of water. ć She burnt her hand on the hot frying pan. ı frying pan, saucepan panel panel /pn(ə)l/ noun 1. a flat piece of something such as wood or metal, which forms part of something ć Un- screw the panel at the back of the wash- ing machine. 2. a group of people who answer questions or who judge a com- petition ć She’s on the panel that will interview candidates for the post. panic panic /pnk/ noun sudden great fear ć The forecast of flooding caused panic in towns near the river. í verb to become very frightened ć Don’t panic, the fire engine is on its way. (NOTE: panics – panicking – panicked) pant pant /pnt/ verb to breathe fast ć He was red in the face and panting as he crossed the finishing line. paper paper /pepə/ noun 1. thin, often white, material, which you write on, and which is used for wrapping or to make books, newspapers and magazines ć He got a letter written on pink paper. ć I need an- other piece of paper or sheet of paper to finish my letter. ć There was a box of pa- per handkerchiefs by the bed. (NOTE: no Basic.fm Page 223 Friday, January 16, 2004 3:10 PM This is trial version www.adultpdf.com This is trial version www.adultpdf.com parade 224 partly plural for this meaning: some paper, a piece of paper, a sheet of paper ) 2. a newspaper ć I buy the paper to read on the train every morning. ć My photo was on the front page of today’s paper. ć Our local paper comes out on Fri- days. ć The Sunday papers are so big that it takes me all day to read them. (NOTE: The plural is papers.) 3. an exam ć The English paper was very dif- ficult. (NOTE: The plural is papers.) parade parade /pə  red/ noun a public display of soldiers ć A sergeant inspects the men before they go on parade. paragraph paragraph /prərɑf/ noun a section of several written sentences starting on a new line ć to answer the first paragraph of your letter or paragraph one of your letter ć Please refer to the paragraph headed ‘Shipping Instructions’. parallel parallel /prəlel/ adjective ( of lines ) which are side by side and remain the same distance apart without ever touch- ing ć Draw two parallel lines three mil- limetres apart. ć The road is parallel to or with the railway. parcel parcel /pɑs(ə)l/ noun something that is wrapped in paper and sent by post ć The postman has brought a parcel for you. ć The parcel was wrapped up in brown paper. ć If you’re going to the post of- fice, can you post this parcel for me? pardon pardon /pɑd(ə)n/ noun the act of for- giving someone í verb to forgive some- one for having done something wrong ć Pardon me for interrupting, but you’re wanted on the phone. ć Please pardon my rudeness in not answering your call earlier. parent parent /peərənt/ noun 1. a father or mother 2. an organisation which owns or rules another ć Our parent company is based in Switzerland. parents parents /peərənts/ noun your mother and father ć His parents live in Man- chester. ć Did your parents tell you I had met them in London? park park /pɑk/ noun an open space with grass and trees ć Hyde Park and Re- gents Park are in the middle of London. ć You can ride a bicycle across the park but cars are not allowed in. í verb to leave your car somewhere while you are not using it ć You can park your car in the street next to the hotel. ć You mus- tn’t park on a double yellow line. parking parking /pɑkŋ/ noun the act of leav- ing a car somewhere when you are not using it parliament parliament /pɑləmənt/ noun a group of elected representatives who decide on the laws of a country ć Parliament has passed a law forbidding the sale of these drugs. parrot parrot /prət/ noun a brightly coloured tropical bird with a large curved beak ć He keeps a green parrot in a cage in his living room. part part /pɑt/ noun 1. a piece or section ć Parts of the film were very good. ć They live in the downstairs part of a large house. ć They spend part of the year in France. 2. a person that an actor plays, e.g. in a play or film ć He played the part of Hamlet. ˽ to take part in some- thing to join in an activity ć They all took part in the game. ć Did he take part in the concert? í verb to separate or move apart ć The curtains parted and the show began. part with phrasal verb to give or sell something to someone ć He refused to part with his old bicycle. participle participle /pɑ  tsp(ə)l/ noun a word formed from a verb, used either to form perfect or progressive forms or as an ad- jective or noun. The present participle of ‘to go’ is ‘going’ and the past partici- ple is ‘gone’. particle particle /pɑtk(ə)l/ noun a very small piece particular particular /pə  tkjυlə/ adjective spe- cial, referring to one thing or person and to no other ć The photocopier only works with one particular type of paper. particularly particularly /pə  tkjυləli/ adverb spe- cially ć I particularly asked them not to walk on the lawn. ć It’s a particularly difficult problem. ć He isn’t particular- ly worried about the result. partly partly /pɑtli/ adverb not completely ć The house is partly furnished. ć I’m only partly satisfied with the result. ć We’re selling our house in London, Basic.fm Page 224 Friday, January 16, 2004 3:10 PM This is trial version www.adultpdf.com This is trial version www.adultpdf.com partner 225 past partly because we need the money, but also because we want to move nearer to the sea. partner partner /pɑtnə/ noun 1. a person who plays games or dances with someone ć Take your partners for the waltz. ć Sally is my usual tennis partner. 2. a person with whom you are in a relationship, es- pecially one you live with ć We invited him and his partner for drinks. 3. a per- son who owns and works in a business together with one or more others ć He became a partner in a firm of solicitors. partnership partnership /pɑtnəʃp/ noun a busi- ness relationship between two or more people in which the risks and profits are shared according to a letter of agree- ment between the partners party party /pɑti/ noun a special occasion when several people meet, usually in someone’s house, in order to celebrate something such as a birthday ć We’re having a party on New Year’s Eve. ć Our family Christmas party was a dis- aster as usual. ć She invited twenty friends to her birthday party. pass pass /pɑs/ noun ( in football, etc. ) the act of sending the ball to another player ć He sent a long pass across the field and Smith headed it into goal. í verb 1. to move something towards someone ć Can you pass me the salt, please? ć He passed the ball back to the goalkeeper. 2. to be successful in a test or examina- tion ć He passed in English, but failed in French. ć She passed her driving test first time! pass out phrasal verb to become un- conscious for a short time ć He passed out when he saw the blood. pass round phrasal verb to hand something to various people ć She passed the box of chocolates round the table. passage passage /psd/ noun 1. a long nar- row space with walls on either side ć She hurried along the passage. ć There’s an underground passage be- tween the two railway stations. 2. a sec- tion of a piece of writing ć She quoted passages from the Bible. ć I photocop- ied a particularly interesting passage from the textbook. passenger passenger /psndə/ noun a person who is travelling, e.g. in a car, bus, train or plane, but who is not the driver or one of the people who works on it ć His car’s quite big – it can take three pas- sengers on the back seat. ć The plane was carrying 104 passengers and a crew of ten. passing passing /pɑsŋ/ adjective 1. existing for a short time only ć It’s just a passing fashion. 2. which is going past ć The driver of a passing car saw the accident. passion passion /pʃ(ə)n/ noun a very strong feeling of love, especially sexual love ć He couldn’t hide the passion he felt for her. passive passive /psv/ adjective allowing things to happen to you and not taking any action yourself ć He wasn’t one of the ringleaders, he only played a pas- sive role in the coup. í noun the form of a verb which shows that the subject is being acted upon (NOTE: If you say ‘the car hit him’ the verb is active, but ‘he was hit by the car’ is passive.) passport passport /pɑspɔt/ noun an official document allowing you to travel from one country to another ć If you are go- ing abroad you need to have a valid passport. ć We had to show our pass- ports at customs. ć His passport is out of date. password password /pɑswd/ noun a secret word which you need to know to be al- lowed to do something such as use a particular computer past past /pɑst/ preposition 1. later than, af- ter ć It’s past the children’s bedtime. ć It’s ten past nine (9.10) – we’ve missed the TV news. 2. passing in front of something ć If you go past the bank, you’ll see the shop on your left. ć She walked past me without saying any- thing. ć The car went past at at least 60 miles an hour. (NOTE: Past is used for times between o’clock and the half- hour: 3.05 = five past three; 3.15 = a quarter past three; 3.25 = twenty-five past three; 3.30 = half past three. For times after half past see to. Past is also used with many verbs: to go past, to drive past, to fly past, etc.) í adjective happening in a time which his Basic.fm Page 225 Friday, January 16, 2004 3:10 PM This is trial version www.adultpdf.com This is trial version www.adultpdf.com . raining outside. outstanding outstanding /aυt  stndŋ/ adjective excellent or of a very high standard or quality ć an antique Chinese vase of outstanding quality ć Her performance was outstanding. outwards outwards /aυtwədz/. always followed by to and a verb in the infinitive.) ounce ounce /aυns/ noun a measure of weight, equal to 28 grams (NOTE: usually writ- ten oz after figures: 3oz of butter , say ‘three ounces. (NOTE: Past is used for times between o’clock and the half- hour: 3.05 = five past three; 3.15 = a quarter past three; 3.25 = twenty-five past three; 3.30 = half past three. For times after half