Convert liters to barrels, gallons, quarts, and pints In a worksheet, data is input as liters. To convert the value to dif - ferent scales, use the following formulas. 4 To convert liters to barrels, gallons, quarts, and pints: 1. Select cell B1 and enter 150. 2. Select cell B3 and type the formula =$B$1/158.98722 to convert to barrels. 3. Select cell B4 and type the formula =$B$1/3.78541 to convert to gallons. 4. Select cell B5 and type the formula =$B$1/1.101241 to convert to quarts. 5. Select cell B6 and type the formula =$B$1/0.5506 to convert to pints. 24 Chapter 1 Figure 1-23 Convert from Fahrenheit to Celsius To convert temperatures from Fahrenheit to Celsius, you can use the formula =(Fahrenheit–32)*5/9, or you can use the calculation described here. 4 To convert from Fahrenheit to Celsius: 1. In a worksheet, enter a few temperatures in Fahrenheit in column A. 2. Select cells B2:B14 and type the following formula: =(A2*1.8)+32. 3. Press <Ctrl+Enter>. Note: You can create a user-defined format to insert the degree sign (°). Go to the Format menu, and select Cells, Number, Custom. In the Type box, select General and press OK. Select a cell, hold down the <Alt> key, type 0176 on the numeric keypad, then release <Alt> and type either “F” or “C” without the quotes. Formulas in Excel 25 1 Figure 1-24 Convert from Celsius to Fahrenheit To convert temperatures from Celsius to Fahrenheit, you can use the formula = (Celsius *9/5)+32, or you can use the calculation described here. 4 To convert from Celsius to Fahrenheit: 1. In a worksheet, enter a few temperatures in Celsius in col - umn A. 2. Select cells B2:B14 and type the following formula: =(A2-32)/1.8. 3. Press <Ctrl+Enter>. Note: You can create a user-defined format to insert the degree sign (°). Go to the Format menu, and select Cells, Number, Custom. In the Type box, select General and press OK. Select a cell, hold down the <Alt> key, type 0176 on the numeric keypad, then release <Alt> and type either “F” or “C” without the quotes. 26 Chapter 1 Figure 1-25 Calculation with percentage Let’s say you want to buy a new car. The listed price of the car is $25,500, and the tax to be added is 8%. After negotiating a sales discount of 10%, the final price has to be calculated. 4 To calculate the final price: 1. Select cell B1 and enter 25500. 2. Select cell B2 to enter the tax rate of 8%. 3. Select cell B3 and enter the discount rate of 10%. 4. Select cell B5 and type the following formula: =B1*(1+B2)*(1-B3). Note: As you see in cell C5 in Figure 1-26, the formula =B1*(1–B3)*(1+B2) also works. The order of multiplication does not matter. Formulas in Excel 27 1 Figure 1-26 Monitor the daily production plan A worksheet is used to monitor daily production. The target is defined as 1,500 pieces per day. To calculate the percentage pro - duced of the daily goal, perform the following steps. 4 To monitor daily production: 1. Select cell B1 and enter the predefined target: 1500. 2. Select cells C4:C11 and type the following formula: =B4/$B$1. 3. Press <Ctrl+Enter>. 4. From the Format menu, select Cells and the Number tab. 5. Choose Percentage from Category. 6. Set Decimal places to 2. 7. Click OK. 28 Chapter 1 Figure 1-27 Calculate number of hours between two dates Excel has a problem calculating the difference between two dates in hours. Try this by opening a new worksheet and typing the starting date including time (3/20/2006 13:42) in cell A2. In cell B2, type the end date and time (3/24/2006 7:42). Then subtract B2 from A2 in cell C2. The calculation generates 1/3/1900 18:00, which is incor - rect. If your result displays #####, you’ll need to extend the width of column C. 4 To properly format the difference in hours: 1. Select cell C2. 2. From the Format menu, select Cells and choose the Num- ber tab. 3. Select Custom from Category. 4. Type the custom format [hh]:mm. 5. Click OK. This gives the correct answer. Formulas in Excel 29 1 Figure 1-28 Figure 1-29 Determine the price per pound A worksheet lists food products in column A. Column B shows the corresponding weight in pounds, and column C contains the total price. What is the price per pound? 4 To calculate the price per pound: 1. In a workshop, enter the data shown in Figure 1-30, or use your own data. 2. Select cells D2:D8. 3. Type the following formula: =C2/B2. 4. Press <Ctrl+Enter>. 30 Chapter 1 Figure 1-30 Determine how many pieces to put in a box Let’s say a container can hold 10 boxes and each box can hold up to 300 items. The customer requires a total of 500 items. How many items must be packed in each box, given a number of boxes? 4 To determine the number of pieces in each box: 1. Select cell A2 and enter 10. 2. Select cell B2 and enter 50. 3. Select cell D2 and type =B2*A2. 4. In cells A4:A7 enter the number of boxes from 2 to 9. 5. Select cells B4:B7 and type the following formula: =$B$2*($A$2/A4). 6. Press <Ctrl+Enter>. 7. Select cells D4:D7 and type the formula =B4*A4. 8. Press <Ctrl+Enter>. Note: Some entries in column A may result in a number with a decimal point in column B. These will require additional calculation on your part to determine exactly how many pieces fit in the given number of boxes so that the customer receives exactly 500 pieces. Formulas in Excel 31 1 Figure 1-31 Calculate manpower required for a project The number of employees needed for a project has to be calculated. To do this, enter the available time (14 days) for the project in cell A2. Cell B2 contains the number of working hours per day (8.5). Cell C2 shows the current number of employees. Now we can cal - culate how many employees are needed to reduce the project duration or change the number of daily working hours of the employees. 4 To calculate the desired number of employees: 1. Enter different combinations of desired days in column A and daily working hours in column B. 2. Select cell E2 and insert the formula =A2*B2*C2 to calcu- late the total working hours of the project. 3. Select cells C4:C9 and type the following formula: =ROUNDUP(C$2*A$2*B$2/(A4*B4),0). 4. Press <Ctrl+Enter>. 5. Select cells E4:E9 and type the following formula: =A4*B4*C4. 6. Press <Ctrl+Enter>. 32 Chapter 1 Figure 1-32 Distribute sales In a company each sale is assigned to a particular salesperson. The sale of 30 pieces totals $199,000. Each salesperson sold an individ - ual amount of goods. Calculate the corresponding sales for each person. 4 To calculate the total amount of sales for each employee: 1. Select cell B1 and enter the total amount of sales: 199000. 2. Select cell C1 and enter the total amount of sold goods: 30. 3. In columns A and B, enter the names of the salespeople and the number of pieces they sold. 4. Select cells C5:C11 and type the following formula: =B5*$B$1/$B$2. 5. Press <Ctrl+Enter>. Note: Check out the AutoSum of the selected range in the status bar. Formulas in Excel 33 1 Figure 1-33 [...]... The Excel online help says that it is not possible to combine the IF function more than seven times That is not true, as shown below 4 To insert more than seven conditions: 1 Select cell A1 and enter 12 2 Select cell B1 and type the following formula: =IF(A2=1,A2,IF(A2 =2, A2 *2, IF(A2=3,A2*3,IF(A2=4 ,A2*4,IF(A2=5,A2*5,IF(A2=6,A2*6,IF(A2=7,A2*7,))) ))))+IF(A2=8,A2*8,IF(A2=9,A2*9,IF(A2=10,A2*10,) ))+IF(A2=11,A2*11,IF(A2= 12, A2* 12, ))... In this example, Excel evaluates which condition meets the criteria and returns the result in the same row 4 To combine the IF and AND functions: 1 Copy the content of cells C2 to C5 in Figure 2- 7 to your Excel table 2 Frame the table as shown in the screenshot 3 Select cell A2 and enter any kind of sales value, e.g., 120 4 In cell B2, type the following formula: =IF (AND( $A $2 . new worksheet and typing the starting date including time (3 /20 /20 06 13: 42) in cell A2. In cell B2, type the end date and time (3 /24 /20 06 7: 42) . Then subtract B2 from A2 in cell C2. The calculation. box: 1. Select cell A2 and enter 10. 2. Select cell B2 and enter 50. 3. Select cell D2 and type =B2*A2. 4. In cells A4:A7 enter the number of boxes from 2 to 9. 5. Select cells B4:B7 and type the following. columns: 1. In cells A2:A10, enter values from 1 to 100. 2. In cells B2:B10, enter values from 1 to 100. 3. Select cells C2:C10 and type the following formula: =AND( A2> ;20 ,B2> ;25 ). 4. Press <Ctrl+Enter>. Note: