[...]... 8.6–9.2 23–25 11 4 11 6 72–74 Source: Ref 12 0.86–0.96 1. 27 1. 37 2.74–3.00 Intensively treated First quartile Fourth quartile First quartile Fourth quartile 9.5 24 11 3 74 0.82 0.89 1. 32 2.82 0.30 8.9 27 11 9 76 0.84 1. 05 1. 29 3 .18 0.30 7.3 24 11 3 73 0. 81 0.79 1. 40 2.74 0. 31 7.3 31 120 77 0.83 0.99 1. 27 3 .15 0.30 18 Lebovitz shown to be highly correlated with waist–hip ratio, hypertension, and HbA1c level (24)... 726 27 Ϯ 8 2.6 Ϯ 1. 4 11 3 Ϯ 12 72 Ϯ 9 10 3 Ϯ 14 17 4 Ϯ 34 76 Ϯ 50 52 Ϯ 13 10 7 Ϯ 30 715 27 Ϯ 7 8.8 Ϯ 3.8 11 5 Ϯ 12 73 Ϯ 9 10 4 Ϯ 12 17 9 Ϯ 33 87 Ϯ 45 49 Ϯ 12 11 2 Ϯ 29 Source: Ref 11 Data are mean Ϯ standard deviation From the perspective of cardiovascular disease, a more sensible way to classify diabetes mellitus is to define two variants One in which there is no significant insulin resistance and the other in... Diabetes mellitus 11 0 12 6 11 0 to 12 6 12 6 2-h plasma glucose after 75 g of oral glucose (mg/dL) 14 0 14 0 19 9 Ն200 Source: Ref 1 tolerance (IGT), or diabetes mellitus, depending on the level of the fasting and/ or 2-h post-glucose-challenge plasma glucose as described in Table 1 (1) Diabetes mellitus is classified depending on the etiology of the hyperglycemia (Table 2) Four major categories of diabetes mellitus... 19 94; 43: 10 4 10 9 17 Nordt TK, Bode C, Sobel BE Stimulation in vivo of expression of intra-abdominal adipose tissue plasminogen activator inhibitor type -1 by proinsulin Diabetologia 20 01; 44 :11 21 11 24 18 Pessin JE, Saltiel AR Signaling pathways in insulin action: Molecular targets of insulin resistance J Clin Invest 2000; 10 6 :16 5 16 9 19 Qiao L-Y, Goldberg JL, Russell JC, Sun XJ Identification of enhanced... stress (13 ) Type 1 diabetic patients have increased cardiovascular risk factors as a consequence of their hyperglycemia and its treatment and not as an intrinsic part of the disease itself The development of cardiovascular disease is thus a very late complication of type 1 diabetes and manifests itself after age 35 in those with onset of type 1 diabetes prior to age 20 (as shown in Figs 1 and 2) (14 ) In... type II diabetes Diabetes 19 96; 45 :16 61 16 69 23 Schneider DJ, Sobel BE Augmentation of synthesis of plasminogen activator inhibitor type -1 by insulin and insulin-like growth factor type -1 and its pathogenetic implications for diabetic vascular disease Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 19 91; 88:9959–9963 24 Schneider DJ, Sobel BE Plaque vulnerability and acute coronary syndromes: What are the prophylactic and therapeutic... Science, 20 01: 18–45 25 Shulman GI Cellular mechanisms of insulin resistance J Clin Invest 2000; 10 6: 17 1 17 6 26 Sobel BE Potentiation of vasculopathy by insulin: Implications from an NHLBI Clinical Alert Circulation 19 96; 93 :16 13 16 15 27 Sobel BE The potential influence of insulin and plasminogen activator inhibitor type -1 on formulation of vulnerable atherosclerotic plaques associated with type 2 diabetes. .. dose, HbA1c level, or age-adjusted albumin excretion and cardiovascular disease A cross-sectional study of risk factors for cardiovascular disease in 286 men and 2 81 women from the Pittsburgh Epidemiology of Diabetes Complications Study (EDC) gave somewhat different results (15 ) The mean age of the population was 28 years and the mean duration of type 1 diabetes was 20 years The overall prevalence of cardiovascular... coronary heart disease during 24 years of follow-up of a cohort of diabetic men whose diabetes was diagnosed between ages 35 and 64 and who came to the Joslin Clinic soon after the diabetes diagnosis, and in a group of similarly aged nondiabetic male participants of the Framingham study The increased coronary heart disease mortality in the Joslin cohort, already evident during the first 4 years of follow-up,... central obesity and the insulin resistance syndrome (12 ,23,24) The type 1 diabetic patients in the DCCT (Diabetes Control and Complications Trial) after 6.5 years of treatment had a prevalence of obesity of 33 .1% in the intensively treated cohort and 19 .1% in the conventionally treated cohort Types of Diabetes 17 Obesity was defined as a BMI Ն 27.8 kg/m2 for men and Ն27.3 kg/m2 for women (11 ) The patients . Distribution Marcel Dekker AG Hutgasse 4, Postfach 812 , CH-40 01 Basel, Switzerland tel: 4 1- 6 1- 2 6 1- 8 482; fax: 4 1- 6 1- 2 6 1- 8 896 World Wide Web http://www.dekker.com The publisher offers discounts on this book when. Pe ´ rez 11 . Treatment of Diabetes: Implications for Heart Disease 17 7 Thomas A. Buchanan, Howard N. Hodis, and Wendy J. Mack 12 . Management of Patients with Diabetes and Coronary Artery Disease 18 5 William. treatment of insulin resistance and type II diabetes. Diabetes 19 96; 45 :16 61 16 69. 23. Schneider DJ, Sobel BE. Augmentation of synthesis of plasminogen activator inhibi- tor type -1 by insulin and insulin-like