[...]... Synchronization Network Signaling Frame Size Asynchronous GSM-MAP 10 ms for physical layer frames 10 , 20, 40, and 80 ms for transport layer frames Synchronous IS- 41, GSM-MAP 5 (for signaling), 20, 40 and 80 ms for physical layer frames 1. 1 EVOLUTION OF WIRELESS NETWORKS 11 downlink traffic ( 211 0 – 217 0 MHz for downlink and 19 20 – 19 80 MHz for uplink) TDD uses the same frequency band for both uplink and downlink transmissions,... power classes, which provide radio coverage ranges up to approximately 10 m, 50 m, and 10 0 m, respectively Bluetooth can support bit rates up to about 720 Kbps Other radio technologies for PANs include HomeRF [27] and Fig 1. 1 Wireless systems: bit rates vs coverage areas 1. 1 EVOLUTION OF WIRELESS NETWORKS 3 IEEE 802 .15 [29] IEEE 802 .15 is defining a short-range radio system to support data rates over 20... network security and quality of service An all-IP wireless network would use IP-based protocols to support all or most aspects of network operations at the network layer or above in the core networks or even in the radio access networks IP-based wireless networks offer a range of advantages over traditional circuitswitched wireless networks For example, IP-based networks are more suitable for supporting the... optional 1 Mbps in extremely noisy environments On the other hand, the FHSS PHY operates at 1 Mbps with optional 2 Mbps in very clean environments The IR PHY supports both 1 Mbps and 2 Mbps for receiving, and 1 Mbps with an optional 2 Mbps bit rate for transmitting IEEE 802 .11 b: Defines a physical layer that provides data rates up to 11 Mbps in the 2.4-GHz ISM radio frequency band IEEE 802 .11 b is the... deployed WLAN today IEEE 802 .11 a: Defines a physical layer that supports data rates up to 54 Mbps using the 5.7-GHz ISM radio frequency band IEEE 802 .11 g: Defines an extended rate physical layer to support data rates up to 54 Mbps using the 2.4-GHz ISM radio frequency band IEEE 802 .11 i: Defines a framework and means for supporting security over IEEE 802 .11 WLANs IEEE 802 .11 e: Defines a framework for supporting... services in limited geographical areas while wide-area wireless networks can provide continuous service coverage at lower speeds over large geographical areas Public WLANs are the first wave of all-IP radio access networks that have emerged in public wireless networks, making public wireless networks one step forward on their migrations to IP-based wireless networks Broad range of alternatives to how public... capabilities they provide 1. 1.2 .1 1G, 2G, and 2.5G Wireless Networks First-generation (1G) widearea radio systems [25, 32], which first became commercially available in the early 19 80s, use analog radio technologies and circuit-switched transmission and networking technologies The main mobile services provided by 1G radio systems are circuit-switched voice services There were three main 1G radio system standards... speed, some people also regard EDGE as a 3G system 1. 1.2.2 3G Wireless Networks In the late 19 90s, standardization efforts for third-generation (3G) wireless networks began 3G wireless networks have been designed to Significantly increase radio system capacities and per-user data rates over 2G systems: 3G radio systems promise to support data rates up to 14 4 Kbps to users moving up to vehicular speeds,... 2003 Preface Wireless networks are evolving into wireless IP (Internet Protocol) networks to overcome the limitations of traditional circuit-switched wireless networks Wireless IP networks are more suitable for supporting the rapidly growing mobile data and multimedia applications IP technologies bring the globally successful Internet service creation and offering paradigm to wireless networks, bringing... during the same period 6 INTRODUCTION Fig 1. 2 Worldwide WLAN sales 1. 1.2 Public Wide-Area Wireless Networks Public (commercial) wide-area wireless networks provide public mobile services over large geographical areas to users moving on both pedestrian and vehicular speeds A commercial wide-area wireless network typically consists of the following: Radio Access Networks (RAN) or Radio Systems: A RAN provides . Introduction / 1 1 .1 Evolution of Wireless Networks / 2 1. 1 .1 Wireless Local Area Networks / 4 1. 1.2 Public Wide-Area Wireless Networks / 6 1. 2 Evolution of Public Mobile Services / 13 1. 2 .1 First Wave. Signaling / 12 1 3 .1 Signaling in IP Networks / 12 1 3 .1. 1 Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) / 12 2 3 .1. 2 Session Description Protocol (SDP) / 13 4 3.2 3GPP IP Multimedia Subsystem (IMS) / 13 6 3.2 .1 IMS. Services / 98 2.3 MWIF All-IP Mobile Networks / 10 6 2.3 .1 Network Architectures / 10 7 2.3.2 Access to MWIF Networks / 11 1 2.3.3 Session Management / 11 3 References / 11 8 3 IP Multimedia Subsystems and