P1: FAW/SPH P2: FAW/SPH QC: FAW/SPH T1: FAW BLUK054-Lue June 19, 2006 13:48 CHAPTER 4.2 R/S amplitude ratio by age in lead II -10 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 0-1 1-3 3-7 7-30 1-3 3-6 6-12 1-3 3-6 6-9 9-13 13-18 R/S Amplitude Ratio 95% 75% 50% 25% 5% Age, days Age, months Age, years Figure 4.2 R/S amplitude ratio by age in lead II, each curve corresponding to the indicated percentile level (• = mean). The R/S ratio in II decreases slightly after birth, followed by gradual and steady increase from age 1–3 days and thereafter until adolescence. Days Months Years Age 0–1 1–3 3–7 7–30 1–3 3–6 6–12 1–3 3–6 6–9 9–13 13–18 95% 20.67 14.67 15.82 18.68 25.02 27.46 18.50 31.66 42.33 59.10 35.50 37.89 Mean 5.82 3.45 4.39 5.76 7.61 11.67 10.49 9.92 12.36 15.94 11.45 11.50 (±SD) 12.37 5.32 5.09 6.17 9.22 21.21 22.85 14.67 21.35 24.90 16.48 19.71 5% 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.63 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 (N) 109 128 95 100 113 91 97 113 107 99 289 510 62 P1: FAW/SPH P2: FAW/SPH QC: FAW/SPH T1: FAW BLUK054-Lue June 19, 2006 13:48 CHAPTER 4.3 R/S amplitude ratio by age in lead III -5 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 0-1 1-3 3-7 7-30 1-3 3-6 6-12 1-3 3-6 6-9 9-13 13-18 R/S Amplitude Ratio 95% 75% 50% 25% 5% Age, years Age, months Age, days Figure 4.3 R/S amplitude ratio by age in lead III, each curve corresponding to the indicated percentile level (• = mean). Dominant R waves are registered in lead III throughout the pediatric ages. Days Months Years Age 0–1 1–3 3–7 7–30 1–3 3–6 6–12 1–3 3–6 6–9 9–13 13–18 95% 17.50 13.40 12.15 13.61 11.00 11.50 7.80 24.50 18.00 20.07 22.00 23.59 Mean 7.41 6.30 5.80 5.94 4.62 4.45 3.63 6.39 6.90 6.89 7.25 8.19 (±SD) 9.17 4.72 3.08 3.68 3.28 4.38 7.88 7.65 7.12 6.63 9.76 12.52 5% 0.00 0.91 2.41 1.76 1.34 1.39 0.50 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 (N) 109 128 95 100 113 91 97 113 107 99 289 510 63 P1: FAW/SPH P2: FAW/SPH QC: FAW/SPH T1: FAW BLUK054-Lue June 19, 2006 13:48 CHAPTER 4.4 R/S amplitude ratio by age in lead aVR -0.5 0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 0-1 1-3 3-7 7-30 1-3 3-6 6-12 1-3 3-6 6-9 9-13 13-18 R/S Amplitude Ratio 95% 75% 50% 25% 5% Age, days Age, months Age, years Figure 4.4 R/S amplitude ratio by age in lead aVR, each curve corresponding to the indicated percentile level (• = mean). Dominant R waves are registered in aVR from birth until age 3–6 months. The R/S ratio stays little changed thereafter until adolescence. Days Months Years Age 0–1 1–3 3–7 7–30 1–3 3–6 6–12 1–3 3–6 6–9 9–13 13–18 95% 4.21 3.75 2.51 2.22 1.14 0.58 0.88 0.54 0.71 0.51 0.60 0.60 Mean 1.50 1.30 1.01 0.85 0.43 0.24 0.31 0.23 0.22 0.18 0.17 0.20 (±SD) 1.67 1.34 0.83 0.86 0.48 0.18 0.24 0.20 0.27 0.17 0.18 0.19 5% 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.05 0.03 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 (N) 109 128 95 100 113 91 97 113 107 99 289 510 64 P1: FAW/SPH P2: FAW/SPH QC: FAW/SPH T1: FAW BLUK054-Lue June 19, 2006 13:48 CHAPTER 4.5 R/S amplitude ratio by age in lead aVL -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 0-1 1-3 3-7 7-30 1-3 3-6 6-12 1-3 3-6 6-9 9-13 13-18 R/S Amplitude Ratio 95% 75% 50% 25% 5% Age, days Age, months Age, years Figure 4.5 R/S amplitude ratio by age in lead aVL, each curve corresponding to the indicated percentile level (• = mean). The R/S ratio of aVL is small after birth until age 7–30 days, then increases typically with increasing age. Days Months Years Age 0–1 1–3 3–7 7–30 1–3 3–6 6–12 1–3 3–6 6–9 9–13 13–18 95% 0.43 0.53 0.52 0.86 1.49 2.69 3.96 3.83 3.71 4.06 4.83 5.21 Mean 0.22 0.27 0.28 0.35 0.75 1.13 1.41 1.33 1.11 1.31 1.18 1.22 (±SD) 0.13 0.16 0.14 0.39 0.71 1.07 1.85 1.71 1.39 2.01 2.01 2.13 5% 0.00 0.05 0.09 0.09 0.18 0.36 0.28 0.11 0.05 0.05 0.00 0.00 (N) 109 128 95 100 113 91 97 113 107 99 289 510 65 P1: FAW/SPH P2: FAW/SPH QC: FAW/SPH T1: FAW BLUK054-Lue June 19, 2006 13:48 CHAPTER 4.6 R/S amplitude ratio by age in lead aVF 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 0-1 1-3 3-7 7-30 1-3 3-6 6-12 1-3 3-6 6-9 9-13 13-18 R/S Amplitude Ratio 95% 75% 50% 25% Age, years Age, monthsAge, days Figure 4.6 R/S amplitude ratio by age in lead aVF, each curve corresponding to the indicated percentile level (• = mean). The R waves in aVF stay dominant through birth to adolescence. The R/S ratio increases substantially after age 6–12 months until adolescence. Days Months Years Age 0–1 1–3 3–7 7–30 1–3 3–6 6–12 1–3 3–6 6–9 9–13 13–18 95% 27.00 18.29 12.83 16.08 14.52 19.85 15.56 26.85 30.67 34.20 34.25 35.53 Mean 8.20 6.77 5.66 7.84 6.36 6.91 6.79 10.17 8.80 12.03 10.07 10.07 (±SD) 10.81 6.73 5.98 10.38 6.14 8.08 12.44 17.53 8.82 16.35 14.70 14.30 5% 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.09 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 (N) 109 128 95 100 113 91 97 113 107 99 289 510 66 P1: FAW/SPH P2: FAW/SPH QC: FAW/SPH T1: FAW BLUK054-Lue June 19, 2006 13:48 CHAPTER 4.7 R/S amplitude ratio by age in lead V1 0 5 10 15 20 25 0-1 1-3 3-7 7-30 1-3 3-6 6-12 1-3 3-6 6-9 9-13 13-18 R/S Amplitude Ratio 95% 75% 50% 25% 5% Age, days Age, months Age, years Figure 4.7 R/S amplitude ratio by age in lead V1, each curve corresponding to the indicated percentile level (• = mean). R/S amplitude ratio in V1 reflects the structural changes of the heart occurring from birth to adolescence. The ratio increases slightly after birth, then decreases strikingly throughout infancy, childhood and adolescence. Days Months Years Age 0–1 1–3 3–7 7–30 1–3 3–6 6–12 1–3 3–6 6–9 9–13 13–18 95% 16.55 22.75 17.53 18.83 14.51 9.67 11.72 2.23 3.25 1.74 1.34 1.06 Mean 4.79 6.69 6.20 6.10 4.88 3.44 3.14 1.45 0.95 0.77 0.67 0.47 (±SD) 5.11 9.09 5.30 5.82 4.91 6.06 4.82 4.10 1.05 0.96 1.56 0.48 5% 0.75 0.64 1.20 0.68 0.09 0.75 0.55 0.31 0.20 0.15 0.12 0.09 (N) 109 128 95 100 113 91 97 113 107 99 289 510 67 P1: FAW/SPH P2: FAW/SPH QC: FAW/SPH T1: FAW BLUK054-Lue June 19, 2006 13:48 CHAPTER 4.8 R/S amplitude ratio by age in lead V2 0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 0-1 1-3 3-7 7-30 1-3 3-6 6-12 1-3 3-6 6-9 9-13 13-18 R/S Amplitude Ratio 95% 75% 50% 25% 5% Age, years Age, months Age, days Figure 4.8 R/S amplitude ratio by age in lead V2, each curve corresponding to the indicated percentile level (• = mean). R/S amplitude ratio registered in V2 changes little during the entire pediatric age. R wave deflections are always dominant. Days Months Years Age 0–1 1–3 3–7 7–30 1–3 3–6 6–12 1–3 3–6 6–9 9–13 13–18 95% 2.39 3.88 3.14 3.10 3.71 4.06 3.00 3.91 3.04 2.89 3.28 1.82 Mean 1.14 1.82 1.55 1.56 1.96 2.12 1.67 1.65 1.37 1.31 1.29 0.84 (±SD) 0.67 4.01 1.05 1.57 0.93 2.32 1.03 1.51 1.14 1.39 3.19 1.79 5% 0.51 0.48 0.63 0.65 0.90 1.02 0.80 0.54 0.43 0.43 0.28 0.19 (N) 109 128 95 100 113 91 97 113 107 99 289 510 68 P1: FAW/SPH P2: FAW/SPH QC: FAW/SPH T1: FAW BLUK054-Lue June 19, 2006 13:48 CHAPTER 4.9 R/S amplitude ratio by age in lead V3 -5 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 0-1 1-3 3-7 7-30 1-3 3-6 6-12 1-3 3-6 6-9 9-13 13-18 R/S Amplitude Ratio 95% 75% 50% 25% 5% Age, days Age, months Age, years Figure 4.9 R/S amplitude ratio by age in lead V3, each curve corresponding to the indicated percentile level (• = mean). R/S amplitude ratio remains unchanged during infancy. It starts to increase by age 1 year and forward, followed by a decrease after age 6–9 years. Days Months Years Age 0–1 1–3 3–7 7–30 1–3 3–6 6–12 1–3 3–6 6–9 9–13 13–18 95% 7.20 8.43 5.23 5.04 6.12 8.47 5.37 11.54 35.19 19.84 17.86 5.96 Mean 2.90 2.55 2.54 2.39 2.98 3.53 2.84 5.18 12.73 8.24 5.22 1.70 (±SD) 7.16 4.73 5.15 2.81 2.26 5.41 6.73 5.68 51.57 25.30 14.97 4.65 5% 0.58 0.62 0.82 0.80 1.10 1.19 0.80 1.06 0.85 −1.00 0.17 0.14 (N) 109 128 95 100 113 91 97 113 107 99 289 510 69 P1: FAW/SPH P2: FAW/SPH QC: FAW/SPH T1: FAW BLUK054-Lue June 19, 2006 13:48 CHAPTER 4.10 R/S amplitude ratio by age in lead V4 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 0-1 1-3 3-7 7-30 1-3 3-6 6-12 1-3 3-6 6-9 9-13 13-18 R/S Amplitude Ratio 95% 75% 50% 25% 5% Age, years Age, months Age, days Figure 4.10 R/S amplitude ratio by age in lead V4, each curve corresponding to the indicated percentile level (• = mean). R/S amplitude ratio in V4 stays unchanged after birth until age 7–30 days. From that age forward, it increases steadily until adolescence. Days Months Years Age 0–1 1–3 3–7 7–30 1–3 3–6 6–12 1–3 3–6 6–9 9–13 13–18 95% 4.47 4.95 3.73 4.20 8.77 17.40 16.69 13.67 34.67 25.70 29.64 26.34 Mean 1.72 1.95 2.06 1.98 3.40 5.38 4.90 5.84 9.70 7.09 7.05 8.46 (±SD) 2.88 3.76 3.70 2.06 2.79 7.97 8.92 5.44 21.99 11.43 13.00 19.77 5% 0.48 0.57 0.73 0.75 1.11 1.15 1.18 1.20 0.98 0.91 0.46 0.86 (N) 109 128 95 100 113 91 97 113 107 99 289 510 70 P1: FAW/SPH P2: FAW/SPH QC: FAW/SPH T1: FAW BLUK054-Lue June 19, 2006 13:48 CHAPTER 4.11 R/S amplitude ratio by age in lead V5 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 0-1 1-3 3-7 7-30 1-3 3-6 6-12 1-3 3-6 6-9 9-13 13-18 R/S Amplitude Ratio 95% 75% 50% 25% 5% Age, days Age, months Age, years Figure 4.11 R/S amplitude ratio by age in lead V5, each curve corresponding to the indicated percentile level (• = mean). R/S amplitude ratio in V5 stays little changed after birth. It starts to increase from 7–30 days of age until age 13–18 years. Days Months Years Age 0–1 1–3 3–7 7–30 1–3 3–6 6–12 1–3 3–6 6–9 9–13 13–18 95% 7.14 8.09 4.62 5.42 10.83 22.79 14.19 16.56 31.22 26.52 28.88 28.66 Mean 2.72 2.28 2.09 3.07 4.44 6.07 4.89 8.35 8.01 8.72 11.66 10.63 (±SD) 8.24 3.54 2.63 10.39 4.26 6.36 4.76 15.03 8.35 9.13 22.88 22.24 5% 0.41 0.56 0.67 0.70 1.08 1.38 1.29 1.73 0.99 1.70 0.94 1.16 (N) 109 128 95 100 113 91 97 113 107 99 289 510 71 . FAW BLUK054-Lue June 19, 2006 13:48 CHAPTER 4.2 R/S amplitude ratio by age in lead II -1 0 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 0-1 1-3 3-7 7-3 0 1-3 3-6 6-1 2 1-3 3-6 6 -9 9- 1 3 1 3-1 8 R/S Amplitude Ratio 95 % 75% 50% 25% 5% Age,. 19, 2006 13:48 CHAPTER 4 .9 R/S amplitude ratio by age in lead V3 -5 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 0-1 1-3 3-7 7-3 0 1-3 3-6 6-1 2 1-3 3-6 6 -9 9- 1 3 1 3-1 8 R/S Amplitude Ratio 95 % 75% 50% 25% 5% Age, days Age,. 13:48 CHAPTER 4.5 R/S amplitude ratio by age in lead aVL -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 0-1 1-3 3-7 7-3 0 1-3 3-6 6-1 2 1-3 3-6 6 -9 9- 1 3 1 3-1 8 R/S Amplitude Ratio 95 % 75% 50% 25% 5% Age, days Age, months Age,