220 APPENDIX B 10. Parties shall take full advantage of the work and expertise of competent international or other bodies and shall take care to avoid duplication. Article 5 Division of responsibility and coordination Each Party shall strive to ensure that energy efficiency and renewable energy policies are coordinated among all of its responsible authorities. Article 6 Commitments of developed country parties 1. The developed country Parties shall consist of those Parties included in Annex 1 of the Convention that are Parties to this Protocol. 2. The developed country parties shall, individually or jointly, ensure that their energy intensity be reduced according to the reduction commitments inscribed in Annex A to this Protocol and in accordance with the provisions of this Article, with a view to reducing their energy intensity by at least percent below 2005 levels in the commitment period ending on 31 December 2013. 3. Each developed country Party shall, by 31 December 2009, have made demon- strable progress in achieving its commitments under this Protocol. 4. Prior to the first session of the Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties to this Protocol, each developed country Party shall provide for consideration by the Subsidiary Body for Scientific and Technical Advice data to establish its energy intensity in 2005 and to enable an estimate to be made of its changes in energy intensity in subsequent years. 5. In the first quantified energy intensity reduction commitment period, ending on 31 December 2013, the assigned amount for each developed country Party shall be equal to the percentage inscribed for it in Annex A to this Protocol of its energy intensity in 2005. 6. Commitments for subsequent periods for developed country Parties shall be established in amendments to Annex A to this Protocol, which shall be adopted in accordancewiththeprovisionsofArticle 19. TheConferenceofthePartiesserving as the meeting of the Parties to this Protocol shall initiate the consideration of such commitments at least 4 years before the end of the first commitment period referred to in paragraph 2 above. 7. If the energy intensity of a developed country Party during a commitment period is less than its assigned amount under this Article, this difference shall, on request of that Party, be added to the assigned amount for that Party for subsequent commitment periods. APPENDIX B 221 Article 7 Joint implementation 1. Any developed country Parties that have agreed to jointly fulfil their commit- ments under Article 6 shall be deemed to have met those commitments pro- vided that their combined aggregate energy intensity does not exceed their assigned amounts calculated pursuant to their quantified reduction commit- ments inscribed in Annex A to this Protocol and in accordance with the provisions of Article 6. The respective energy intensity allocated to each of the Parties to the agreement shall be set out in the agreement. 2. The Parties to any such agreement shall notify the secretariat of the terms of theagreement on the date of deposit of their instruments of ratification, accep- tance, approval or accession. The secretariat shall in turn inform the Parties and signatories to the Protocol of the terms of the agreement. 3. The agreement shall remain in operation for the duration of the commitment period specified in Article 6, paragraph 2. 4. If Parties acting jointly do so in the framework of, and together with, a regional economic integration organization, any alteration in the composition of the orga- nization after adoption of this Protocol shall not affect existing commitments under this Protocol. Any alteration in the composition of the organization shall onlyapplyforthepurposes ofthosecommitmentsunderArticle6thatareadopted subsequent to that revision. 5. In the event of failure by the Parties to such an agreement to achieve their total combined level of energy intensity reductions, each Party to such an agreement shall be responsible for its own energy intensity set out in the agreement. 6. If Parties acting jointly do so in the framework of, and together with, a regional economic integration organization which is itself a Party to this Protocol, each member State of that regional economic integration organization individually, and together with the regional economic integration organization acting in accor- dance with Article 6, shall, in the event of failure to achieve the total combined energy intensity reductions, be responsible for its own energy intensity as notified in accordance with this Article. Article 8 Estimation of energy intensity Each developed country Party shall have in place, no later than one year prior to thestart of the first commitment period, a national system for the estimation of energy intensity in all sectors of the economy. Guidelines for such national systems shall be decided upon by the Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties to this Protocol at its first session. 222 APPENDIX B Article 9 Requirement for national communication 1. Each developed country Party shall incorporate in its national communication, submitted under Article 12 of the Convention, the supplementary information necessary to demonstrate compliance with its commitments under this Protocol, to be determined in accordance with paragraph 2 below. 2. The Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties to this Protocol shall adopt at its first session, and review periodically thereafter, guide- lines for the preparation of the information required under this Article, taking into account guidelines for the preparation of national communications by devel- oped country Parties adopted by the Conference of the Parties. The Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties to this Protocol shall also, prior to the first commitment period, decide upon modalities for the accounting of assigned amounts. Article 10 Commitments of all Parties All Parties, taking into account their common but differentiated responsibilities and their specific national and regional development priorities, objectives and circumstances, shall: 1. Formulate, implement, publish and regularly update national and, where appropriate, regional programmes containing measures to reduce energy intensity. These programmes concern all sectors of the economy, including, inter alia,transport, industry, buildings and appliances. 2. Cooperate in the promotion of effective modalities for the development, application and diffusion of, and take all practicable steps to promote, facilitate and finance, as appropriate, the transfer of, or access to, envi- ronmentally sound technologies, know-how, practices and processes perti- nent to energy efficiency and renewable energy, in particular to developing countries, including the formulation of policies and programmes for the effective transfer of environmentally sound technologies that are publicly owned or in the public domain and the creation of an enabling environ- ment for the public sector, to promote and enhance access to, and transfer of, environmentally sound technologies. 3. To the best of their capability, cooperate in scientific and technical research designed to promote energy efficiency and renewable energy, and pro- mote the development and strengthening of endogenous capacities and capabilities to participate in international and intergovernmental efforts, programmes and networks on research into improving energy efficiency and renewable energy technologies. APPENDIX B 223 4. Cooperate in and promote at the international level, and, where appropri- ate, using existing bodies, the development and implementation of edu- cation and training programmes, including the strengthening of national capacity building, in particular human and institutional capacities and the exchange or secondment of personnel to train experts in the field of energy efficiency and renewable energy, in particular for developing countries, and facilitate at the national level public awareness and public access to information on energy efficiency and renewable energy. 5. Include in their national communications information on programmes and activities undertaken pursuant to this Article. Article 11 Information reporting 1. The information submitted under Article 6, paragraph 4,byeach developed country Party, and the information submitted under Article 10, paragraph 1,by all Parties shall be reviewed by expert review teams pursuant to the relevant decisions of the Conference of the Parties and in accordance with guidelines adopted for this purpose by the Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties to this Protocol under paragraph 4 below. 2. Expert review teams shall be coordinated by the secretariat and shall be com- posed of experts selected from those nominated by Parties to the Convention and, as appropriate, by intergovernmental organizations, in accordance with guidelines provided for this purpose by the Conference of the Parties. 3. The review process shall provide a thorough and comprehensive technical assessment of all aspects of the implementation by a Party to this Protocol. The expert review teams shallprepareareport tothe Conferenceofthe Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties to this Protocol, assessing the implementation of the commitments of the Party and identifying any potential problems in, and factors influencing, the fulfilment of commitments. Such reports shall be circulated by the secretariat to all Parties to this Protocol. The secretariat shall list those ques- tions of implementation indicated in such reports for further consideration by the Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties to this Protocol. 4. The Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties to this Pro- tocol shall adopt at its first session, and review periodically thereafter, guidelines forthe review of implementation by expert review teams taking into account the relevant decisions of the Conference of the Parties. 5. The Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties to this Protocol shall, with the assistance of the Subsidiary Body for Implementation and, as appropriate, the Subsidiary Body for Scientific and Technological Advice, consider: 224 APPENDIX B (a) The information submitted by the Parties under Article 8 and the reports of theexpert reviews thereon conducted under Article 11, paragraph 1; and (b) Those questions of implementation listed by the secretariat under para- graph 3 above, as well as any questions raised by Parties. 6. Pursuant to its consideration of the information referred to in paragraph 5 above, the Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties to this Protocol shall take decisions on any matter required for the implementation of this Protocol. Article 12 Environmental impact assessment 1. Parties shall establish or strengthen national environmental impact assessment procedures to ensure that all activities involving the production of energy by the use of non-renewable energy resources which are likely to have a significant adverse effect on the environment are evaluated before approval. 2. The assessment shall include evaluation of: (a) the cumulative, long-term, indirect, long-distance, and transboundary effects; (b) the possible alternative actions, including not conducting the proposed activity and using as an alternative energy efficiency or renewable energy; and (c) measures to avert or minimize the potential adverse effects. 3. Parties shall designate appropriate national authorities to ensure that environmental impact assessments are effective and conducted under proce- dures accessible to concerned States, international organizations, persons and non-governmental organizations. Parties shall also ensure that the author- ity deciding on approval takes into consideration all observations made dur- ing the environmental impact assessment process and makes its final decision public. 4. Parties shall conduct periodic reviews both to determine whether activities approved by them are carried out in compliance with the conditions set out in the approval and to evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed mitigation measures. The results of such reviews shall be made public. 5. Parties shall take appropriate measures to ensure that before they adopt poli- cies, programmes, and plans relating to energy production by the use of non- renewable energy resources that are likely to have a significant adverse effect on theenvironment, the environmental consequences of such actions are duly taken into account. APPENDIX B 225 Article 13 Financial resources In the context of the implementation of Article 10,the developed country Parties shall: 1. Provide new and additional financial resources, including the transfer of technology, to meet the agreed full costs incurred by developing country Parties in advancing the implementation of commitments that are covered in Article 10. 2. The implementation of the commitment in paragraph (1) of this Article shall take into account the need for adequacy and predictability in the flow of funds and the importance of appropriate burden sharing among developed country Parties. 3. The developed country Parties may also provide, and other Parties avail themselves of, financial resources for the implementation of Article 10, through bilateral, regional and other multilateral channels. Article 14 Conference of the Parties 1. The Conference of the Parties, the supreme body of the Convention, shall serve as the meeting of the Parties to this Protocol. 2. Parties to the Convention that are not Parties to this Protocol may participate as observers in the proceedings of any session of the Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties to this Protocol. When the Conference of theParties serves as the meeting of the Parties to this Protocol, decisions under this Protocol shall be taken only by those that are Parties to it. 3. When the Conference of the Parties serves as the meeting of the Parties to this Protocol, any member of the Bureau of the Conference of the Parties representing aParty to the Convention but, at that time, not a Party to this Protocol, shall be substituted by an additional member to be elected by and from among the Parties to this Protocol. 4. The Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties to this Protocol shall keep under regular review the implementation of this Protocol and shall make, within its mandate, the decisions necessary to promote its effective implementation. It shall perform the functions assigned to it by this Protocol and shall: (a) Assess, on the basis of all information made available to it in accordance with the provisions of this Protocol, the implementation of this Protocol by theParties, the overall effects of the measures taken pursuant to this Protocol, in particular environmental, economic and social effects as well 226 APPENDIX B as their cumulative impacts and the extent to which progress towards the objective of the Convention is being achieved; (b) Periodically examine the obligations of the Parties under this Protocol, giving due consideration to any reviews required by Article 4, paragraph 2(d), and Article 7, paragraph 2,ofthe Convention, in the light of the objective of the Convention, the experience gained in its implementation and the evolution of scientific and technological knowledge, and in this respect consider and adopt regular reports on the implementation of this Protocol; (c) Promote and facilitate the exchange of information on measures adopted by theParties to promote energy efficiency and renewable energy tech- nologies, taking into account the differing circumstances, responsibilities and capabilities of the Parties and their respective commitments under this Protocol; (d) Facilitate, at the request of two or more Parties, the coordination of mea- sures adopted by them to address their commitments under this Protocol, taking into account the differing circumstances, responsibilities and capa- bilities of the Parties; (e) Promote and guide, in accordance with the objective of the Convention and theprovisions of this Protocol, and taking fully into account the relevant decisions by the Conference of the Parties, the development and periodic refinement of comparable methodologies for the effective implementation of this Protocol, to be agreed on by the Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties to this Protocol; (f) Make recommendations on any matters necessary for the implementation of this Protocol; (g) Seek to mobilize additional financial resources in accordance with Article 13, paragraph 1; (h) Establish such subsidiary bodies as are deemed necessary for the imple- mentation of this Protocol; (i) Seek and utilize, where appropriate, the services and cooperation of, and information provided by, competent international organizations and inter- governmental and non-governmental bodies; and (j) Exercise such other functions as may be required for the implementation of this Protocol. 5. Therules ofprocedureof the Conferenceofthe Parties andfinancial procedures of the Convention shall be applied mutatis mutandis under this Protocol, except as may be otherwise decided by consensus by the Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties to this Protocol. 6. The first session of the Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties tothis Protocol shallbeconvenedby the secretariat inconjunctionwith the first session of the Conference of the Parties that is scheduled after the date of the APPENDIX B 227 entry into force of this Protocol. Subsequent ordinary sessions of the Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties to this Protocol shall be held every year and in conjunction with ordinary sessions of the Conference of the Parties unless otherwise decided by the Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties to this Protocol. 7. Extraordinary sessions of the Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties to this Protocol shall be held at such other times as may be deemed necessary by the Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties to this Protocol, or at the written request of any Party, provided that, within 6 months of the request being communicated to the Parties by the secretariat, it is supported by at least one-third of the Parties. 8. The United Nations, its specialized agencies and the International Atomic Energy Agency, as well as any State member thereof or observers thereto not party to the Convention, may be represented at sessions of the Conference of theParties serving as the meeting of the Parties to this Protocol as observers. Any body or agency, whether national or international, governmental or non- governmental, which is qualified in matters covered by this Protocol and which has informed the secretariat of its wish to be represented at a session of the Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties to this Protocol as an observer, may be so admitted unless at least one-third of the Parties present object. The admission and participation of observers shall be subject to the rules of procedure, as referred to in paragraph 5 above. Article 15 Secretariat 1. The secretariat established by Article 8 of the Convention shall serve as the secretariat of this Protocol. 2. Article 8, paragraph 2, of the Convention on the functions of the secretariat, and Article 8, paragraph 3, of the Convention on arrangements made for the functioning of the secretariat, shall apply mutatis mutandis to this Protocol. The secretariat shall, in addition, exercise the functions assigned to it under this Protocol. Article 16 Settlement of disputes 1. Parties shall settle disputes concerning the interpretation or application of this Protocol by peaceful means, such as by negotiation, enquiry, mediation, concilia- tion, arbitration, judicial settlement, resort to regional agencies or arrangements, or by any other peaceful means of their own choice. 228 APPENDIX B 2. If Parties to a dispute do not reach agreement on a solution or on a dispute settlement arrangement within 1 year following the notification by one Party to another that a dispute exists, the dispute shall, at the request of one of the Parties, be submitted to either an arbitral tribunal, including the Permanent Court of Arbitration, or to judicial settlement, including by the International Court of Justice. Article 17 State responsibility Each Party is responsible under international law for the breach of its obligations under this Protocol. Article 18 Relations with non-Parties Parties shall be bound by the provisions of this Protocol in their relations with non-Parties. Article 19 Amendments 1. Any Party may propose amendments to this Protocol. 2. The text of any proposed amendments to this Protocol shall be communicated to all Parties by the Depositary within 6 months. 3. At the request of one-third of the Parties, the Depositary shall call a spe- cial conference to consider the proposed amendment. The Parties shall make every effort to reach agreement on any proposed amendment by consensus. If all efforts at reaching a consensus have been exhausted, and no agreement reached, the amendment shall as a last resort be adopted by a two-thirds major- ity vote of the Parties to this Protocol who are present and voting at the special conference. 4. Amendments to this Protocol, texts of which have been adopted by a special conference, shall be submitted by the Depositary to all Parties for ratification, acceptance or approval. 5. Instruments of ratification, acceptance or approval of amendments to this Pro- tocol shall enter into force between Parties having ratified, accepted or approved them on the 30th day after deposit with the Depositary of instruments of rati- fication, acceptance or approval by at least two-thirds of the Parties. Thereafter the amendments shall enter into force for any other Parties on the 30th day after APPENDIX B 229 that Party deposits its instrument of ratification, acceptance or approval of the amendments. 6. For the purposes of this Article, ‘present and voting’ means Parties present and casting an affirmative or negative vote. Article 20 Annexes 1. Annexes to this Protocol shall form an integral part thereof and, unless other- wise expressly provided, a reference to this Protocol constitutes at the same time areference to any annexes thereto. Any annexes adopted after the entry into force of this Protocol shall be restricted to lists, forms and any other material of a descriptive nature that is of a scientific, technical, procedural or administrative character. 2. Any Party may make proposals for an annex to this Protocol and may propose amendments to annexes to this protocol. 3. Annexes to this Protocol and amendments to annexes to this Protocol shall be adopted at an ordinary session of the Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties to this Protocol. The text of any proposed annex or amendment to an annex shall be communicated to the Parties by the secretariat at least 6 months before the meeting at which it is proposed for adoption. The secretariat shall also communicate the text of any proposed annex or amendment to an annex to the Parties and signatories to the Convention and, for information, to the Depositary. 4. The Parties shall make every effort to reach agreement on any proposed annex or amendment to an annex by consensus. If all efforts at consensus have been exhausted, and no agreement reached, the annex or amendment to an annex shall as a last resort be adopted by a three-fourths majority vote of the Parties present and voting at the meeting. The adopted annex or amendment to an annex shall be communicated by the secretariat to the Depositary, who shall circulate it to all Parties for their acceptance. 5.Anannex, otherthanAnnex A,that hasbeen adoptedor amendedin accordance with paragraphs 3 and 4 above shall enter into force for all Parties to this Protocol 6 months after the date of the communication by the Depositary to such Parties of the adoption or amendment of the annex, except for those Parties that have notified the Depositary in writing within that period of their non-acceptance of theannex oramendment to the annex.Theannex or amendmentto anannexshall enter into force for Parties which withdraw their notification of non-acceptance on the 90th day after the date on which withdrawal of such notification has been received by the Depositary. [...]... 35 energy acquisition statements 100 Energy Australia 157 Energy Charter Treaty 57–60, 65 energy crops 103 energy efficiency as a resource 60 buildings 195 Commonwealth initiatives 184–5 in consumption 210 in supply 210 235 international law on 58, 70 legal issues 203–5 of motor vehicles 107 –8 technologies 11–16 Energy Efficiency Opportunities Scheme 203 Energy Grants (Cleaner Fuels) Scheme 106 energy. .. 117, 191 Department of Energy, Utilities and Sustainability (NSW) 158 Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade 136 design guidelines, see environmental issues designated energy users 171 differentiation principle 82 dispute resolution in Free Trade Agreement 136 domestic electrical appliances 12, 175 domestic energy programs 63 Draft Protocol on Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy to the United Nations... legislation 95 104 in Australia 3–5 international law on 70 resources 16–26 South Australia 167–8 Renewable Energy Action Agenda 3, 5–7 Renewable Energy Certificates 96 100 , 144 Renewable Energy Commercialisation Program 86 Renewable Energy Equity Fund 86 Renewable Fuel Program Administrator 106 Renewable Opportunities: A Review of the Operation of the Renewable Energy (Electricity) Act 2000: 95, 102 –4 Renewable... shall be deposited with the Depositary Article 25 Accession This Protocol shall be open for accession, from the date on which the Protocol is closed for signature, by States and regional economic integration organizations which are Parties to the Convention, on terms to be approved by the APPENDIX B 231 Conference of the Parties The instruments of accession shall be deposited with the Depositary Article... Scheme 106 energy savings action plans 172 Energy Savings Fund (NSW) 171 Energy Survey 2001–2: 1 energy taxes 190 Environment Business Australia 84 Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 92–3 Environment Protection Authority (Vic) 147–8 environmental issues competition policy and 119 electricity restructuring 112, 113–18 emergency obligations 39 environmental planning 151–3, 155 hydro-electricity... from the date on which this Protocol has entered into force for a Party, that Party may withdraw from this Protocol by giving written notification to the Depositary 2 Any such withdrawal shall take place upon expiry of 1 year after the date of its receipt by the Depositary, or on such later date as may be specified in the notification of the withdrawal Article 29 Authentic texts In witness whereof the. .. vehicles RPPs 97, 99 100 Safeguarding the Future package 86, 107 salinity 79 Securing Australia’s Energy Future 182–90 SEI 4–5 Senate Environment, Communications, Information Technology and the Arts References Committee 87–8, 188 solar cells, see photovoltaic electricity generation solar energy 16–19, 201 SOMAs 44 South Australia demand-side management 173 Greenhouse Strategy 149 renewable energy regulation... to Annex A shall be adopted only with the written consent of the Party concerned Article 21 Voting 1 Except as provided for in paragraph 2, each Party shall have one vote 2 Regional economic integration organizations, in matters within their competence, shall exercise their right to vote with a number of votes equal to the number of their member States that are Parties Such an organization shall not... from Kyoto Protocol 53 Australia Institute on Asia-Pacific Partnership on Clean Development and Climate 110 11 on geosequestration 186 on Hazelwood power station 154 support for Kyoto Protocol 83, 84 Australian and New Zealand Minerals and Energy Council 175 Australian Bureau of Agricultural and Resource Economics 1, 82–3 Australian Competition and Consumer Commission 122 Australian Conservation Foundation... disasters 36 OPEC, energy trade with 35 ORER 104 Origin Energy report 84 OTEC 24 Our Common Future 10, 36 ownership of resources 31 Parer Review of the National Electricity Market 102 , 125–6 on demand-side management 169 on gas supply 131–3 passive solar systems 17 Pathways and Policies 192 performance measures, AGO 90 photovoltaic electricity generation 17, 86, 89, 189 planning, see environmental issues . reports for further consideration by the Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties to this Protocol. 4. The Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties to. of the Parties 1. The Conference of the Parties, the supreme body of the Convention, shall serve as the meeting of the Parties to this Protocol. 2. Parties to the Convention that are not Parties. tothe Conferenceofthe Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties to this Protocol, assessing the implementation of the commitments of the Party and identifying any potential problems in, and