[...]... agricultural drain A land drain agricultural runoff The water that flows from cultivated land It can also be a source of nitrate, phosphate or pesticides in surface waters or groundwaters agricultural wastewater This wastewater is one of the largest contributors to waste disposal to land It includes liquid runoff from slurry pits which are likely to be high in organic and nutrient content and can be beneficial... beneficial when spread on land However, runoff can be a major cause of water pollution in rural areas See animal feeding operation, cowshed wastewater, dairy and milk bottling wastewater, piggery wastewater, poultry house wastewater, silage liquor AI Aggressive index air binding Air becoming stuck in the media of a rapid deep bed filter and thereby reducing the efficient operation of the filter airborne... the removal of BOD and oxidation of ammonia (see Figure A.11) The nitrified wastewater from the main biological treatment stage is recycled back to the anoxic filter and the organic food for the denitrifying bacteria is from the BOD in the settled wastewater Various designs of pre- and post-anoxic filters are used and the wastewater flow through the tank may be upward or downward The depth of media is... AMP4 Asset Management Planning round four This is the process by which the UK Office of Water Services determines the programme of water industry infrastructure in England and Wales and the associated environmental improvements that will be funded in the period 2005–2010 and the water bill price rises that will be allowed to fund this Amphipoda Freshwater shrimps ampholytic Description of a substance... in the chlorination of water Ammonia can be removed from water and wastewaters by ammonia stripping, chlorination, ion exchange, nitrification-denitrification, etc See Table D.2 Drinking water standards ammoniacal liquor Part of the liquid wastes from coke making, containing many pollutants, including ammonia, phenols, cyanide compounds The ammonia is distilled off, leaving the waste product, spent... effective form of control of the spread of the disease The disease is less common than other waterborne protozoal diseases such as cryptosporidiosis or giardiasis amoebic cyst A cyst of an amoeba amoebic meningoencephalitis A severe illness caused by pathogenic protozoa such as Naegleria fowleri and some species of Acanthamoeba These protozoa can be found in the water and wastewater and enter the human... acre of land by one foot of water It is equal to 1233 m3 acrylamide, CH2CHCONH2 The monomer of polyacrylamide Acrylamide is toxic to the nervous system in humans and may be present at trace levels in the polymer which is used as a coagulant aid in water treatment and also as a sludge conditioner The WHO guideline maximum value is 0.5 ␮g/l in drinking water The EU Drinking Water Directive states a mandatory... anaerobic expanded bed biofilm reactors anaerobic baffled reactor, ABR A compartmentalised, upflow anaerobic sludge blanket reactor for wastewater treatment The reactor tank has alternating hanging and standing baffles and sludge tends to be suspended in the upflow sections (see Figure A.7) The process can be used for the treatment of high strength wastewaters It can have low excess sludge production and no... significant aluminium concentrations in treated water The health problems associated with aluminium in water are mainly in the use of kidney dialysis machines 18 High concentrations of aluminium in water can be toxic to fish Acidification of water by acid rain or runoff from conifer plantations releases aluminium from the soil into the water See Table D.2 Drinking water standards aluminium recycling Over 5 billion... and the yellow-green or golden brown, usually unicellular Chrysophyta Freshwater algae are usually microscopic, although they can form a dense mat (a bloom) on the surface of a nutrient rich water They can give the water an unpleasant taste and smell They may release poisonous endotoxins into the water Some seawater algae (the brown algae) may grow to a large size Marine dinoflagellates can bloom and . alt="" Dictionary of Water and Waste Management H6525-Prelims.qxd 7/19/05 12:17 PM Page i To Suzanne and Stephanie H6525-Prelims.qxd 7/19/05 12:17 PM Page ii Dictionary of Water and Waste Management Second. building and operation of plants for water treatment and supply, sewerage, wastewater treatment and disposal, and solid waste treatment and disposal. It aims to understand and control pollution of. cover- age of the broad and varied topics included in water and waste management. Paul G. Smith Aberfoyle, Scotland January 2005 v H6525-Prelims.qxd 7/19/05 12:17 PM Page v Preface Water and waste management