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E G7S ^ ^ [ C J A D - E" i Fc P - ( G7 ; PF ; ! 9- V ( G7 H WF7 H P ; H F5 F H \ G c G7 m c :Z -G ( - ,7 E snS# ] ]W " D; : > j \ () ] S 7 -^ ' / "C" D d [1 ;5 " x -, H D d G7 ; F S @[ G7 # 'V H ; #G V D1 > Z H 4 PF 5 "] SW Z " P4e - T X A Z H H ; - 5" o ( c F7 V J / C " D ) oE ^[ ) ( 5 D %D " Y ^ -G S D u d / D j >" ; # e ? !% " " ) " C ) D " >" N D %D " Sc V -l ^ ! Z ] " " ) # # Z D c 5 : w! #" 5 -4? $ c 4e -1# ^ -4? D S -,7 # S > e 4? ' Y # :@ B ) F7 ; 4D B # ( # e F7 I PI 4D c' ^5 ) T -4? -8 ; S t5 -@ P ‡ " I G= 69,Y T"-G -^ 4D B # 4D >7 ^ I -Q ) - G" C V x G7 [ ( sn! ny " 4D F7 M ; G :x " ny #G ) - G" nO W) ( -G n F7 R&‚%$c Y7 , :@ -@ F B F7 •" 78 ( $ = I0 : , (N Y J ' l [ :@ P> x P> ; e :@ ?5 B ) S -G F7 R -G ; P E P G7 @ 3z%$ # -4? -8 ? c # e5 T -4? :@ B V (" |" #G [ "\ E F5 : ) F7 N\ E F7 ?5 S e S ( >" e5 e c E e 3z%$ "I Y E I :7 > 4D F \ Nj7 T ) @5 -I ;5 F : } > ) : m " ) -^ -4? 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X c F {&$c ^ "7 T "\ T ; 4D '7 c % U !c v7 T c 17 F" F7 Y 'H c :V "\ * 'H e e #( + ] , (N Y UG ) J ( J E ' x P@ ! f{&$c N e ^ ) E : E ' t "t -7 _ T ( ! -7 _ 4D m " ^ I ^ E F7 e5 Jf< ; 4D (" F c E •F5 e5 '7 ' " ,7 S 5 e "8 "; * %7 c x @5 ) T "E : ! /: c 4D ! '7 c U! c ! U( ‚ P ‹ E ! ! ! c N U! c N : %5 v7 T #c w c z … : S R , E ' 4D #( -; ^ -4? , B F & :: ' " : - E E E W) ) O c N\ G @5 S ( F F7"6 "7 P F T e ; T JK $f K -G ^ ) c T P> L ) ?5 e ^ H G -! ; " "; # [ #F -@ " ; 3z%$ N6 "; E E :; F e ; F e5 < ^ "I E -4? S [ #F - "\ - ; :1#c - >7 ?5 >" 4D : Z -; "E L :V P@ F5 nH :V ; c c c C> > - ,7 ?5 P F E c F7 ; ' ( -I e e +L ?c ^ " -l -4? :7 t Py # c -T PS : X sx G (" #( + c ( ^ ; ˆˆˆ • ! :7 # F5 nH c ^ ! Y" 17 Y" I c c :7 # 'H , (N Y ) J ($4 WQ Xg J \ Y7 B # ” ••! ! T n S > 4D U( e5 B # ‚ :c * ! : n ! #c •F5 e5 "\ 4D " 78 ($ = '7 ; T JK f K '7 " c …! E \ c-> '7 4D "I > 4D n4e 4D c 4D : "; ; x F -,7 -4? " - • nc w c U ! & :: )" " c …! • !:c …! • !:c #• !: •F5 e5 5 ; e H 1" ) P• ^ ) F7 H5 V "5 R ( G V > -, -,c x "T [ ! -7 _ " , > > G PR 0` # ( , S c >"c V \ "\ 67 G7 V "E ?5 F -G S -8 G7 :j :t -F X :Z PF G7 P F " "\ I :Z \ "\ V |" -@ Y7 c "E >" > F @ ) J ($4 C@ - G" :j :t -F S S X " " P @P I PI "\ ! ^ " H5 - , (N Y J \ E ^ • W) ( 5d‡ˆˆˆ • ! ‡ ‡ :7 ={%‡ ‡ F7 ' "; 1" P ) G7 F7 ; LM @ C H !i [ % =$ # 9- ; $ I Y c + ' A KV $ 9- !0/$ L/ ' # # " 4D N\ E -I _ a = A o exp( O :B ( % W $ () W * D :U*UH, U0 ? -I B cθc’$ e "I B z’ B x " ’! "I ^ h " P( d − jπ z / λ ) a = P r ≤ W _ … † "" +kl" + ?5 \ ^ ^ :; j (h FG$ BKJI $Y d uJ X9 A q HN , " r H T I P x " ’! (\ *+ r ≥ W x " ’! o o S ^ P4e λ† ^ A9K " s X I B "k x e x " (7 V • † "c P B x " UX ' "I > V F F ^ 1" 4? x " -4D P( [ "I #, 7 P † "c ^ [ B ’! 4D [ (7- G" S # ( "8 h (7 F ρ ≈ Kc "" w e P l# # C ,7 [ P_ n7 d ’! e # ’! "I P :j -F S x R " u e P ( -I "I "\ E ^ :; d S _ a = Ao Wo r2 jπ z jπ r exp( − ) exp( − − ) W ( z ) λ λR( z ) W 2( z ) πW = λ zo o ;W ( z ) = W λ e … @ -l X l# E" P G7 ^ e x " ; @ UX l# 4? o m S P F x " ’! x " ’! G -4? ; o m B z’ "I ^ ’≥K NI x " ’! ( θ †K " e "8 h ≤… -4? e -Q α M = λ / πWo ; "\ e 4D F a > B z’ "I ; -@ 17 P \ -F ’n Pm ;no > a2 @ ρ "I " , r2 ! k F ^P 1− # G n! … ’$ " ^ \ N cKcK$ , F [S -8 \ { … ’$ d n( M ) = n o ^ :; - [ "8 h "\ S -I > ; WO ny " e 'u -^ zo 17 ’ >" P \ s-4D u -1# , CG -4D + o zo ; R( z ) = z + z z # ; - G" kα ^ Y -H P e α ≤αN -T e α ‡ "\ X " # m \ e z’ UX 4D E ! > l# # d d 2r d 2z m " + r a2 "8 h $ d m E α $† m E θ †K kc l# ^ X T ’$ = 'u -^ n 9A B \ x >" -@ ’$ ! c cα ’ X• -@ - G" w ( [ @ ’w e z’ F [ # ( "8 h ! -4 % B s I B • w C Y P -@ e - G" z ρ (7 V >7 [ S 7 V I B e 4D "k ?5 "I "k ' 17 k #F -^ F B γ—K e 4D #c O G - -I - G" F P@ , e :> "; #, "\ E "k x R " #PF m T 4? \ F ( \ -@ l# m o "\ 17 ! … cβ -4 T * M7 Er # m P@ E "I ,7 l# "I † γ Šβ{ e E >" 17 k 4D +! $d ;W ≈ W o "k V "I "\ >76 c Y -H # { β Ao k "l 4? f $ }> e ! $ "4J h A N\ E \ -I ^ ^ :; _ a = A o exp( "I x " ’! "I ^ h d − jπ z / λ ) a = P r ≤ W _ … † "" " P( r ≥ W o S ^ P4e x " ’! o λ† ^ A9K " s X I B "k x e x " (7 V • † "c P B x " ’! ’! e -4D P( [ "I #, P † "c ^ [ 7 B UX ' "I V F ^ 1" > 4? T- F 4D [ (7- G" S # ( "8 h F ρ ≈ Kc "" w e P l# S # L = S F ^ h ( "8 ^ -4? P G7 : Z Pm "I (7 E BP (7- G" S "8 h -4D … % ’† h #, [ e z’ I B s I B ; w U = … † "" –– P †0 " –– • † " ' :Z : α< B z’ KJ N < ($ ` Y (# - > W -I e 4? ; # x " ρ ≈ Kc "" ; w F ^P x " V ^ ’! F \ S E ρ = 2.10 −4 " ’$ e z’ F [ # ( "8 h ! % c cα ! - G" w ( [ -4 θ †K "8 h $ B \ x d d 2r ! > l# # UX 4D B s I B • w C >7 [ S ’ -@ (7 V V I B e Y e - G" z P ρ 4D ?5 "I "k "k ' (TA "8 t "\ X F \ 4D "8 B ( -_ E F5 -Q "8 B B -Q B z’ B n! m " F θ $ $ ™$ θ ™$ ’ NI P "8 h ' ! -@ •y -Y7 m " H n;c 4D H n; i "k θ †π‡ f α ' ! -@ 5 #F f e e5 "\ θ†K "8 h α e ^ H n;d 'u - ,7 > P d $ θ †K "8 h F $ ™$ ^ e "8 ( $ -Y7 # m " e z’$ θ $† α $† θ ™$ ™$ ™$ α ™$† K αK † "I - G" Nc ny - ; NN™ † : J Š:’ Jv U U1 F5 #F e ^ α e z’ ; N ( 'u E s ^d dr = tgα dz dr 1+ dz = = cos α :’ = + tg α = a2 - α n cos α n0 cos α r2 N N™ n2 n2 ≈ (1− ! = cos α (1− r2 a2 ) ’ ) cos α ≈ K U.# -; " -4? d dr d r r dr d 2r r = −2 − −− > + = dz dz a dz dz a r( z ) = A cos( z / a ) + B sin( z / a ) 'u - ,7 > P -Y7 d dr B ( z = ) = = tgα ≈ α dz a ; B = α a - - - - > r(z) = r0 cos( z / a ) + α a sin(z/a) r0 = r( z = ) = A ; A = r0 e αK † K ^ I B ; w ( B -T n6 ’$ † d ’w † π ‡ ’ †’w $ †K 'u -^ # ^ αK ≠ K s t "8 h W X ’‡$ s Y -Y7 ( K ’† @ d r = r0 cos( π / ) + α a sin( π / ) = α a Do α ≤ α M - - - - > ρ = αM a F P@ ^ (7 V • † ’w † π ‡ # ρ = αM a = F I B ^ P d 2α M f π ' F P@ " S" -4? P F I B e f ‡ π †K "4J h ' 17 k #c O -^ F B I β—K &F m —K # ^ F P@ ' -I # (TA e "k >76 ;W ≈ W o c Y -H "k { β Ao 5 W•& C %3 Wc KK K W #Z C6 ' 1"c W #Z W C c ;" •7 v7 F X ' U :;# 4D _ \ W•& C %3 KK0 ? http://classicalmechanics.net/NewtonLows.htm http://physics.webplasma.com/physicstoc.html http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Classical_mechanics http://physicsvn.org/ http://www.phy.mtu.edu/ http://www.teachnet.com/lesson/science/physics/physic12.html http://visualphysics.com/ http://www.hcmupeda.edu.vn 9.http://www.hut.edu.vn