E_English Grammar E_English Grammar Chapter 4 The verb & its complementation 1. Different classifications of English verbs 2. Grammatical categories of the verb 3. Intensive complementation 4. Monotransitive complementation 5. Ditransitive complementation 6. Complextransitive complementation Issues Issues Classifications of English verbs Classifications of English verbs 1 Verb Verb 1/1 according to classified Possibility of admitting progressive aspect Possibility of admitting progressive aspect Functions of items Functions of items Complementation Complementation Structure Structure = words or phrases indicating an action, an event, or a state E.g.: kiss, break out, have Classifications of English verbs Classifications of English verbs 1 Verbs Verbs 2/1 according to classified Functions of items Functions of items Lexical verbs Lexical verbs Auxiliary verbs Auxiliary verbs See more in 3.3 - 3.22 Classifications of English verbs Classifications of English verbs 1 Verbs Verbs 3/1 according to classified Functions of items Functions of items Lexical verbs Lexical verbs Auxiliary verbs Auxiliary verbs Regular Regular Irregular Irregular E.g.: book, booked, booked E.g.: teach, taught, taught Classifications of English verbs Classifications of English verbs 1 Verbs Verbs 4/1 according to classified Functions of items Functions of items Lexical verbs Lexical verbs Auxiliary verbs Auxiliary verbs Primary Primary Modal Modal Marginal modal auxiliary Marginal modal auxiliary Classifications of English verbs Classifications of English verbs 1 Verbs Verbs 5/1 according to classified Functions of items Functions of items Lexical verbs Lexical verbs Auxiliary verbs Auxiliary verbs Primary Primary Modal Modal Marginal modal auxiliary Marginal modal auxiliary • include: do, have, be • change meaning when becoming a full verb E.g.: I am a student. vs. I am reading. Classifications of English verbs Classifications of English verbs 1 Verbs Verbs 6/1 according to classified Functions of items Functions of items Lexical verbs Lexical verbs Auxiliary verbs Auxiliary verbs Primary Primary Modal Modal Marginal modal auxiliary Marginal modal auxiliary • include: Can – could May – Might Shall-should Will-would Must Ought to Classifications of English verbs Classifications of English verbs 1 Verbs Verbs 7/1 according to classified Functions of items Functions of items Lexical verbs Lexical verbs Auxiliary verbs Auxiliary verbs Primary Primary Modal Modal Marginal modal auxiliary Marginal modal auxiliary • include: used to, dare, need Classifications of English verbs Classifications of English verbs 1 Verbs Verbs 8/1 according to classified Complementation Complementation Intensive verbs Intensive verbs Extensive verbs Extensive verbs [...]... Classifications of English verbs Verbs classified according to Complementation Intensive verbs Mono-transitive • require one direct Object (Od) Di-transitive • have the pattern: SVOd E.g.: Complex-transitive I kissed her He caught the ball Extensive verbs Intransitive Transitive 14/1 1 Classifications of English verbs Verbs classified according to Complementation Intensive verbs Mono-transitive Di-transitive... 26/1 1 Classifications of English verbs Verbs classified according to One-word verbs Structure Multi-word verbs 27/1 1 Classifications of English verbs Verbs classified according to Structure One-word verbs • as the name suggests, these are verbs of ONE WORD E.g.: change, kiss, make, love, etc 28/1 1 Classifications of English verbs Verbs classified according to Structure Multi-word verbs Phrasal verbs... verbs Phrasal-prepositional verbs See more in 12.2 - 12.6 29/1 1 Classifications of English verbs Verbs classified according to Structure Multi-word verbs Phrasal verbs Prepositional • turn on (the light), bring up (the child), hand in verbs (the paper), give up, take of, etc Phrasal-prepositional verbs 30/1 1 Classifications of English verbs Verbs classified according to Structure Multi-word verbs... Classifications of English verbs Verbs classified according to Complementation Intensive verbs Extensive verbs • require no Object • have the pattern: SV • make complete sense themselves E.g.: He’s singing The baby cried Intransitive Transitive 12/1 1 Classifications of English verbs Verbs classified according to Complementation Intensive verbs Mono-transitive Di-transitive Complex-transitive Extensive... Mono-transitive SVOCo or SVOA(obli) Intransitive E.g.: He made me really crazy Di-transitive He sent his son to the kindergarten Complex-transitive Transitive 16/1 1 Classifications of English verbs Verbs classified according to Possibility of admitting progressive aspect Stative verbs See more in 3. 35 Dynamic verbs 17/1 1 Classifications of English verbs Verbs classified according to Possibility of admitting... verbs Prepositional verbs Phrasal-prepositional • look at (the girl), take after (somebody), look verbs after (somebody), etc 31/1 1 Classifications of English verbs Verbs classified according to Structure Multi-word verbs Phrasal verbs • come up with, make up for, stand in for,Prepositional verbs put up with, etc Phrasal-prepositional verbs Let's check  Do exercise 156 (handout) Let's check  Answers... Classifications of English verbs Verbs classified according to Possibility of admitting progressive aspect = verbs that show the action or the change of status E.g.: She learns English He hit me She is English ( ‘is’ isn’t dynamic verb because it denotes a permanent status) Dynamic verbs Verbs of body sensation Activity verbs Transitional event verbs Momentary verbs Process verbs 21/1 1 Classifications of English. .. Intransitive Transitive Complex-transitive • require both direct Object (Od) & indirect Object (Oi) • have the pattern: SVOiOd E.g.: I gave her such a lovely present  15/ 1 1 Classifications of English verbs Verbs classified according to Complementation • require Object and Object Complement Intensive verbs Extensive verbs (Co) or Obligatory Averbial (A(obli)) • have the pattern: Mono-transitive SVOCo or SVOA(obli)... Momentary verbsetc leave, lose, die Process verbs 24/1 1 Classifications of English verbs Verbs classified according to Possibility of admitting progressive aspect Dynamic verbs Verbs of body sensation Activities verbs • hit, jump, kick, knock, nod, tap etc Transitional event verbs Momentary verbs Process verbs 25/ 1 1 Classifications of English verbs Verbs classified according to Possibility of admitting... own up 5 gives up 13 went ahead 6 come on 14 beat up 7 fell through 15 wear off 16 Hold on 17 look back 18 stands out 19 come about 20 caught on 21 give in 22 pass away 1/2 2 Grammatical categories of verbs Grammatical categories of verbs Tense Aspect Mood Voice Progressive Indicative Present Active Imperative Passive Perfective Past Perfectiveprogressive Simple Subjunctive See more in 3.26 - 3.46 . verbs Intensive verbs Mono-transitive Mono-transitive Di-transitive Di-transitive Complex-transitive Complex-transitive Classifications of English verbs Classifications of English verbs 1 Verbs Verbs 13/1 according. verbs Intransitive Intransitive Transitive Transitive Intensive verbs Intensive verbs Mono-transitive Mono-transitive Di-transitive Di-transitive Complex-transitive Complex-transitive • require one direct Object (Od) • have the. verbs Intransitive Intransitive Transitive Transitive Intensive verbs Intensive verbs Mono-transitive Mono-transitive Di-transitive Di-transitive Complex-transitive Complex-transitive • require both direct Object (Od) & indirect