Nguyễn Thị đào-Ngô sĩ liên-TP:Bắc giang English 9 _ main points for revision Part 1: Cách dùng các thì. 1. Hiện tại đơn ( Present simple ) form : be am / is / are (-) am not / isnt / arent (?) Am / Is / Are + S .? V( thờng ) V / Vs , es (-) dont / doesnt + V (?) Do / Does + S + V ? Nhận biết : có các từ : always , usually , often , sometimes / never , every . Eg: I am a student. He is , too. I learn English at school. He learns English at school, too. 2. Hiện tại tiếp diễn ( Present progressive ) form : (+) am / is / are + V-ing (-) am/ is / are + not + V-ing (?) Đảo ngữ. Nhận biết : có các từ : now , at the moment , at present , at this studying E now. Ngữ cảnh : look ! Eg: I am studying E now. He is studying E now. 3. Qúa khứ đơn ( Past simple ) form : * Be was ( I , He, She , It ) (-) wasnt were ( We , You, They ) (-) werent * V( thờng ) Ved (-) didnt + V V2 (?) Did + S + V ? Eg: I was in grade 8 last year. I worked very hard. Nhận biết : Yesterday , last , ago , in + năm , mệnh đề có when Eg: In 1998 I met very big man when I was on the way to school. 4. Qúa khứ tiếp diễn ( Past progressive ) form : S + was / were + V-ing (-) wasnt / werent. Nhận biết : ( at + giờ ) Thời gian quá khứ / Mệnh đề While / when / at that time Eg: I was watching TV at 7 oclock lastnight. I was watching TV while my sister was doing her homework. I was watching TV when the phone rang. 5. Tơng lai đơn ( Simple future ) form : S + will + V (-) will not ( wont ) Nhận biết : tomorrow , next , someday ( ngày nào đó / gần đây ) Eg: We will be on holidays next week. 6. Hiện tại hoàn thành ( Present perfect ) form : have / has + P2 ( Ved / V3 ) (-) havent / hasnt . Nhận biết : since , for , just , already , recently , lately , yet . Part 2 : Câu điều kiện _ If clause. Part 3 : Passive voice ( Thể bị động ) S : tiếp nhận hành động do 0 gây ra S + be + P2 by 0 1. Hiện tại Đơn (+) S + am/ is/ are + P2 Newspapers are delivered everyday. Present (-) S + am/ is/ are + not + P2 (?) Am/ Is Are + S + P2 ? TD (+) S + am/ is/ are + being + P2 I am being interviewed by the teacher now (-) S + am/ is/ are + not + being + P2 (?) Am/ Is/ Are + S + being + P2 ? 2. Quá khứ Đơn (+) S + was / were + P2 Simple past Newspapers were (received) delivered yesterday. TD (+) S + was / were + being + P2 ( by O ) Eg: I was being interviewed when you phoned me yesterday. 3. Hiện tại hoàn thành Present perfect (+) S + have / has + been + P2 ( by O ) (-) S + havent / hasnt + been + P2 (?) Have / Has + S + been + P2 ? Eg: All the newspapers have been delivered. 4. Tơng lai Gần (+) S + am / is / are + going to + be + P2 Future (-) S + am / is / are + not + going to + be + P2 (?) Am / Is / Are + S + going to + be + P2 ? Đơn (+) S + will be + P2 (-) S + will not + be + P2 (?) Will + S + be + P2 ? Eg: This room is going to be repainted If clause ĐK đa ra có thể thực hiện đợc 1. V HTĐ am / is / are ( not ) V/Vs (es) (dont/doesnt) If I am free, If he works hard , Main clause *V (TLĐ) Simple future. Will (not) + V(inf) I will go to the movies. He will pass the exam. *Có thể dùng can/ must/ should/ have to + Vinf 2. ĐK đa ra trái với hiện tại ( ko thực hiện đợc ) QKĐ were ( not) Ved / V2 ( didnt +V) If I were you , If I worked hard , Would (not) + Vinf ( could/ might/ had to ) I wouldnt make noise. had to work hard. He would passed the exam wouldnt fail the exam This room will be repainted next week 5. Với các trợ V ( Modal verbs ) : must , can , may , should , have to. (+) S + modal V + be + P2 Eg: The door must be kept locked This test cant be done. Part 4: Relatives pronouns ( Đại từ quan hệ ). * ĐTQH : who , whom , which , that : dùng để thay thế 1 N hoặc 1 đại từ đứng trớc nó và mở đầu 1 mệnh đề quan hệ tính ngữ (relative adjective clause ) để bổ nghĩa cho N , Đại từ đó 1. Cách dùng who , which , that Eg: a/ The man gave me a book. I met him at the bookstore. The man whom I met at the bookstore gave me a book. b/ The man is very friendly. He lives next door. The man who lives next door is very friendly. ( that) ĐTQH MĐQH c/ Thats the dog. He has just given it to me. Thats the dog which he has just given to me . N O đtqh mđqh Note: * ĐTqh who va whom dùng cho N chỉ ngời. + who cho từ chỉ ngời làm S trong MĐQH + whom cho từ chỉ ngời làm O trong MĐQH which thay cho từ chỉ vật , con vật , sự vật lam S or O ĐTQH đứng liền sau N mà nó bổ nghĩa và liền trớc MĐQH That : có thể thay thế cho who , whom , which . 2. Whose : của là ĐTQH sở hữu dùng cho cả ngời và vật , đứng liền sau danh từ mà nó chỉ quyền sở hữu ( of which cần dùng để chỉ quyền sở hữu của sự vật.) Eg: a/ I have a friend. His father is a good doctor. I have a friend whose father is a good doctor. b/ The tree should be cut down. Its branches are dead. The tree whose branches are dead should be cut down. The tree the branches of which are dead should be cut down. * Tóm tắt cách dùng who ,whom , that , whose , which. Từ đứng trớc Ngời Vật / sự vật S : chủ ngữ Who ( that ) thay cho he , she , they Which thay cho It, they O: Tân ngữ Whom thay cho him / her/ them (that) Which thay cho it, them(that) Sở hữu Whose thay cho his / her / their Whose ( of which) thay cho its/ their. Part 5: Mệnh đề sau wish. Để diên tả 1 điều ớc / mong muốn ở hiện tại / ở tơng lai. Form: S + wish/ wishes + S + be(were) / V (Ved, V2 ) will /can would / could Eg: I am thin I wish I were big He will not come to my party I wish he would come. We cant speak E well We wish we could speak E well. Part 6: Adj Adv . 1. Adj * chỉ tính chất , đặc điểm ,tình trạng của chủ thể. Form: S + be ( feel / make / look ) + Adj Eg: She is beautiful. She look happy. 2. Adv 9 chỉ cách thức , tính chất , đặc đỉêm của hành động Form: S + V + +Adv Eg: She sings beautifully. Part 7: Conjunctions. 1. and : và ( bổ sung thông tin ) Eg: I like chicken and fish. 2. but , however : nhng , tuy nhiên chỉ sự tơng phản although , even though, though , in spite of, despite ( mặc dù ) Eg: She was tired , but she went to work. Although she was tired , she went to work. In spite of the fact that she was tired she went to work 3. or ( hoặc ) chỉ sự lựa chọn Eg:Do you like fish or meat? I like fish. 4. Because = Since = As (vì ) chỉ nguyên nhân / lý do . Eg: I work hard because I am afraid of failing the exam. 5. So = therefore : vì thế nên : chỉ hậu quả , kết quả Eg: I am afraid of failing the exam so I work hard. Part 8: Reported speech. * Tờng thuật lại lời nói của ai đó theo ngôn ngữ của mình nhng ý của câu không thay đổi. 1. Imperatives ( câu ra lệnh / yêu cầu ) form: s + asked / told + O ( me, him, her, us ) + to-Vinf / not to Vinf Eg: a/ She said : Open the windows, please. She told me to open the window. b/ She said Dont talk in class. She asked us not to talk in class. c/ Can ( could ) you turn on the radio , please? Said my mother. My mother asked me to turn on the radio. 2. Statements. Form: S + said ( that ) / said to / told + O + (that) + S + V lùi về quá khứ 1 thì Eg: a/ He said : I will go to the movies. He said that he would go to the movies. He told me that he would go to the movies. He told me that he would go to the movies. b/ Lan said I am a student Lan said that she was a student. 3. Yes / No qs ( có không ) S +asked + O + if / whether + S + V + O Eg: a/ He said : Are you a student , Lan? He asked Lan if she was a student. b/ He said : Do you like fish , Lan ? He asked Lan if (whether) she liked fish. 4. Wh- qs form: S + asked + O + wh-S + V ( lùi về qk 1 thì ) Eg: a/ She said : What do you do,Nam ? She asked Nam what he did. Notes: Khi V tờng thuật ở quá khứ ta đổi thì của V và các từ chỉ thời gian , nơi chốn nh sau: 1/ Thì Direct speech Reported speech 1. HTĐ ( walk) QKĐ ( walked ) 2. HTTD ( is walking ) QKTD ( was walking ) 3. HTHT / QKĐ / QKHT QKHT (had + P2) 4. QKTD QKTD 5. Modal V can / will / must could / would / had to 2/ Các từ chỉ thời gian / nơi chốn today that day yesterday the day before tomorrow the next day now then ago before next week the next week here there this that these those. Part 9: Used to V # Be used to _ Ving. 1. Used to + V (bare) thói quen đã từng làm gì đó ở qk mà hiện tại chấm dứt. (-) didnt use to + V bare (?) Did + S + use to + V bare ? Eg: He used to smoke when he was young I didnt use to eat vegetable. 2. (+) Be / get + used to + Ving / N Quen với việc làm gì / cái gì ( ở hiện tại , qk , TL) (-) S + be/ get + not + used to + Ving / N (?) Be ( get ) + S + used to + Ving / N ? Eg: a/ Jack has lived in Vietnam for a year. He is used to the hot weather. b/ He is used to eating Vietnamese food. Part 10: Infinitive / Bare Infinitive / Ving. Can/ could prefer / get / try love / like May / might allow / permit enjoy Have to/ ought to want / need dislike Should + V( bare) ask / tell +To_V hate / start Ving Must advise/ hope suggest Make / help start / decide finish / mind Used to would you like giới từ Lets Its +adj on / in/ at / of / up Fell refuse / start/ begin Part 11: Making suggestion. 1. S + suggest ( chia ) + Ving I suggest walking to school. 2. S1 + suggest + (that) + S2 + should + V bare inf Eg: I suggest that we should walk to school. 3.Lets / Shall we + V bare 4. Why dont we + V bare 5. What / How about + Ving ? 1. Tóm tắt câu chủ động- câu bị động-cách nhận biết Thì Công thức-chủ động- > Câubịđộng(P2=V+ed/V3(bqt ) Cách nhận biết(có các từ) Hiện tại đôn S +V/ Vs / Ves +O -> S+dont/doesnt+V+O S +am/is/are+P2 +by + O S+(am,is,are)+not+P2+by+O Always,sometmes,often usually,every,frequently Hiện tại tiếp diễn S +am,is,are+Ving+O S+am,ia,are+being+P2+by+O Now,at the moment,at that time,Look! Listen! HT hoàn Thành S +have/has+P2 +O S+have/has+not+P2+O Have/Has+S+P2 S+have/has+been+P2 by+O S+havent/hasnt+been+P2 Have/Has+S+been+P2 ? Since,for,just,recently, ,already,ever,never,lately, before Quákhứ đơn S+Ved/V2(bqt) +O S+didnt+V +O Did+S+V +O ? S+was/were+P2 +by+O S+(wasnt/werent)+P2 Was/Were+S+P2 . ? Yesterday,last,ago,in+năm /tháng Quá khứ tiếp diễn S+was/were+Ving+O S+(was/were)not+ving S+was/were+being+P2 S+wasnt/werent+being+P2 at+giờ(qk),when+s+v(qk) while+s+v(qktd) QK hoàn thành S+had+P2 +O S+hadnt+P2 +O S+had +been +P2 +by +O S+hadnt+been+ P2 . When+S+V(qk),before+V (qk)/năm,after/until+Vqk Tơng lai đơn S+will+V +O S+will not+V +O Will+S+V+ .O ? S+wll+be+P2 + .by O S+wont+be +P2 by +O Will+S+be+P2 ? Tomorrow,next, until Sự việc sẽ sảy ra,không dự định trớc lúc nói Tơng lai gần S+am,is,are+going+to+ V S+am,is,are+going to+be+P2 Tomorrow,next,(dự định trớc lúc nói) Khuyết thiếu S+V(kt)+V +O S+KT+not+V+O S+kt+be+P2 +by +O S+kt+not+be+P2 can,may,must,should,will, have to,has to Câu cầu khiến(nh ờ ai làm gì đó S+have/has+SB+V+ST had will S+have/has+ST+P2 (by sb) have/has had will Có thể dùng getthay cho havehoặc gotthay cho had 2.câu điều kiện Loại Cách dùng Mệnh đề If Mệnh đề chính 1 Có thật ở hiện tại If+S+V(ht) S+will+V S+modal(v)+V Please+V 2 Không có thật ở hiện tại If+S+V(qk) S+would/could+V 3 Không có thật ở quá khứ If+had+P2+ S+would/could+have+P2 3.Mệnh đề sau WISH(Điều mơ ớc)->Khó thực hiện đợc a.Tơng lai: S + wish/wishes + S +would + V . b.Hiện tại: S + Vqk -> (Chú ý : be -> were tất cả các ngôi ) cQuá khứ : S +wish/wishes + S + had + P2 . 4. Used to + V(bare) Be/Get +used to+ Ving /N didnt +use to +V be+not+used to+ Ving / N . Did + use to +V ? Be + + used to + Ving / N ? Thói quen ở quá khứ, hiện tại Sau một thời gian thì quen hoặc thích nghi với một điều đã chấm dứt. gì đó Eg. I used to smoke. I am used to smoking . *_0 *_0 . liền sau N mà nó bổ nghĩa và liền trớc MĐQH That : có thể thay thế cho who , whom , which . 2. Whose : của là ĐTQH sở hữu dùng cho cả ngời và vật , đứng liền sau danh từ mà nó chỉ quyền sở. beautiful. She look happy. 2. Adv 9 chỉ cách thức , tính chất , đặc đỉêm của hành động Form: S + V + +Adv Eg: She sings beautifully. Part 7: Conjunctions. 1. and : và ( bổ sung thông tin ) Eg:. year. I worked very hard. Nhận biết : Yesterday , last , ago , in + năm , mệnh đề có when Eg: In 199 8 I met very big man when I was on the way to school. 4. Qúa khứ tiếp diễn ( Past progressive