GIÁO TRÌNH TÀI NGUYÊN ĐẤT VÀ MÔI TRƯỜNG pot

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GIÁO TRÌNH TÀI NGUYÊN ĐẤT VÀ MÔI TRƯỜNG pot

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      ! " #$%& ' ()$*+), /001 ThS. 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Phan Tuấn Triều – ĐH Bình Dương LDZSXd(VC%Pd++dd+U(3"x NSXDZWODZ {:  e ! |!F  e{:  e ! !F  e +'e # |F  e+'e # F  e L+  'e # |<F  eL+  'e # !F  e F$3+d+>-*+PGV)T.[UvQt++LD O$d+d+ P`av1d+ VtNh$ d+  p ;$d+ 7PRV-+d+UD4{: | V@ | 6VK $[U;$d+d+U+=P[U*$+$H8 {:'  |F  e|,e  {:'e # |F  'e # #{:'e # |F  'e # |e  {:  4'e # 6 ! |F  e p *$S LDZ[S$F | |eF – 7sG-+P"+Jd *++;$%4+;"lF  'e ! V+;+"lF  [Al 2 Si 6 O 16 ]). Trong ca}P$-+ PRPPHV*$SVKF | 3DZ$"x +$%+$ [AlSi 3 O 8 ] + H + + OH –  HalSi 3 O 8 + KOH d+d+ vQ+$H8*+P "  !# y[%H= Vd+ RP3DZ3Q *+"OK"Gh*+N p 'ONK$C33Dv3d+CG d+)MR p 'O%++;K=4+;+;:V+V;+Vw6e  3DZ3R F  e ! +;$vSGP p LK"OR>3SG~"xGd++;`= 4+;V"nw6.*$ p 7GU+$dPG.*$`+[%c:sP: p 73Qd+= 3c:sS$"C /% <OCHP()$$()$H$E)$IJH /%A% $CK)KLM -RV[+MR>l" Vd+ V V Jd+ >D=H2+l p '(HEK=SGN p '(OT~$K=V`="(X+`N p '(S*$P"(HEEd+Z p '(;SO*+DZDZq 7  ThS. Phan Tuấn Triều – ĐH Bình Dương p '(.DE1\*+dC.DEq VR 7qP;"("Cd+;G$+M\Z  7(*+t)8" VD3R >"*+" 4>OV(O"O67t8$"Ok .DEV33DvPTqPT$))HECK= 4+E6K=$`=d+\"OM-."OW %"+ 7DO*+tR8+phong ho}+)R2 t[G*+t)8" Vd)8 " ZDEVKS=[G>C*+ZDE R+ 8  Bt%[-;R "d5 Bt+[-;R "d3 ThS. 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Phan Tuấn Triều – ĐH Bình Dương 0DE3"([%HCQ"S"581*+3DZ3Q*+ "O$%`D\$%> DE $% B+:D\8CC+&$% d$%"  46 0i p LMO`=VDZ%PVCd[>;D= GDWZ8=ZVP = *+ 78TUGDW*+iD\DE[)€W +R8*+V"+"x[U[%H"S"53 d+ " ;G$+ 46 TO TO++DE)+l p LDZD+ p PT$)le  Ve  VLe  p F=  DZ.DE1\ p 'O"C TOdGDW(%%%l p 7(%lDZ> LDZD+$%U>hV->X+`VF*+33U++T( d+d+  L>d+$RVdNh$d+ Vt++T~$ K= p •%l^)+%Z"O"O$%*R l[)+$OS[U+:Y>V>+P( 4!6 ]%"  p S$;+d+t+ dHECK=qK`= *+*+PT$)JMK=*+ p r"OS*$VHEU•4L6 p >Od;D=P`;D=;ZG=;VdN z"OMK=Vd)d+t*+"O lHEVOVT~$K=VSG[%HK= 4#6 ]%U+ p 0U+P+"(;SO*+DZVt++"xP+L= dU++V3V>h[u==dU+~0U++D\[UX+`V [t p FDZ3GDW%>*+ p 0U+GDWZR>"*+%Z"OVZDZD\ >*+ 4&6 ]%\+ 10  [...]... đất 1.5 Độ dày của đất Độ dày của đất được xác định từ tầng mặt đến tầng mẫu chất hình thành đất Độ dày phẫu diện đất thay đổi từ 40-50 đến 100-150 cm, có nơi dày 10m hay hơn (Feralit trên đá basalt Tây Nguyên) 1.6 Màu sắc của đất Là đặc điểm quan trọng phản ánh các tính chất của đất Nhiều loại đất được gọi tên theo màu: đất đen, đất đỏ, đất xám, đất màu hạt dẻ,… 17 Giáo trình Tài nguyên đất và môi. .. của chúng phụ thuộc vào bản chất vô cơ và hữu cơ, tỷ lệ phối hợp của chúng và phản ứng môi trường 1.4 Tính chất của keo đất Keo đất có điện tích lớn và có năng lượng bề mặt, nên có khả năng hấp phụ rất lớn Năng lượng bề mặt của keo đất sinh ra ngay trên bề mặt tiếp xúc giữa keo đất với dung dịch đất 28 Giáo trình Tài nguyên đất và môi trường ThS Phan Tuấn Triều – ĐH Bình Dương − Keo đất mang điện tích... loại đất ( theo J.Janick,1972) Loại đất Đất cát Đất thịt pha cát Đất thịt Đất sét và Thịt pha sét Đất sét Kaolinite Đất giàu mùn CEC (meq/100g đất) 2–4 2 – 17 7 – 16 4 – 60 10 50 - 300 22 Giáo trình Tài nguyên đất và môi trường ThS Phan Tuấn Triều – ĐH Bình Dương Trong số các cation, ion H+ được đặc biệt lưu ý vì đó là nguồn gốc gây đất chua (làm pH giảm) Ion H+ trong đất được tạo thành từ các nguồn sau... của rễ cây thải ra) và ít O2 Lượng CO2trong đất phụ thuộc vào trạng thái của đất Đất chặt lượng CO 2 nhiều hơn đất tơi xốp Càng xuống sâu lượng CO2 càng tăng lên Trong đất nhiều CO2 và ít O2 thì bất lợi cho sự nảy mầm của hạt giống, cho sự hô hấp và sinh trưởng bình thường của cây trồng và các vi sinh vật Lỗ hổng giữa các hạt đất (tế khổng) 13 Giáo trình Tài nguyên đất và môi trường ThS Phan Tuấn... cây Độ thoáng khí Việc phát triển của rễ cây Việc cày bừa và chuẩn bị đất Việc nẩy mầm và mọc của hạt giống sau khi gieo Một loại đất có cơ cấu lý tưởng là có cơ cấu viên và có nhiều lỗ hổng Trong điều kiện này, đất dễ canh tác (cày bừa, chuẩn bị đất) , cho phép rễ cây ăn sâu vào đất tốt hơn, và thoáng khí 16 Giáo trình Tài nguyên đất và môi trường ThS Phan Tuấn Triều – ĐH Bình Dương Có thể thấy ở nhiều... nhiều quá trình khử mạnh, do đó Eh giảm ngược lại đất khô, quá trình oxy hoá mạnh, Eh tăng - Phản ứng của dung dịch đất của dung dịch đất cũng ảnh hưởng đến Eh: Clark đã đưa ra chỉ số rH2: chỉ số phản ánh sự tương quan giữa Eh và pH Eh rH2 = - + 2 pH 30 rH2 = 28 – 34: đất thoáng rH2 =22 – 25: là đất yếm khí rH2

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