Chapter 6 • Floors 284 FIGURE 6.58 The completed shafts as seen in 3D Are You Experienced? Now you can… add a floor to your model by using the building’s footprint as a guide  by picking the walls and by drawing lines add additional floors to higher levels by using the Copy/Paste Aligned  method of quickly repeating the geometry up through the building add a specific, alternate material to different parts of the floor by  using the Split Face command in conjunction with the paint materials function split a floor into segments, and add additional points to set a negative  elevation for pitching to floor drains create a shaft opening that will cut out any new floor slab. You also  can use symbolic lines within the opening to indicate that there is an opening within the shaft. CHAPTER 7 Roofs Roofs come in all shapes and sizes. Given the nature of roofs, there is a lot to think about when you place a roof onto your building. If it is a flat roof, pitch is definitely a consideration. Drainage to roof drains or scuppers is another con- sideration as well. But how about pitched roofs? Now we are in an entirely new realm of options, pitches, slopes, and everything else you can throw at a roof design. Also, there are always dormers that no pitched roof can live without! Do the dormers align with the eaves, or are they set back from the building? Placing roofs by footprint  Creating a sloping roof  Roofs by extrusion  Adding a roof dormer  Chapter 7 • Roofs 286 Placing Roofs by Footprint This book can’t address every situation you will encounter with a roof system, but it will expose you to the tools needed to tackle these situations yourself. The tech- niques we will employ in this chapter start with the concept of adding a roof to the model by using the actual floor plan footprint. As with floors, we will also build the roof’s composition for use in schedules, quantities, and material takeoffs. The command you’ll probably use most often when working with roofs is the one to place a roof by footprint. Essentially, we will create a roof by using the outline of the building in plan view. There are three roof types you can place by using a footprint: A flat roof (OK, no roof is actually flat, but you get the point)  A gable roof where two sides are sloped and the ends are left open  A hip roof where all sides are sloped  You have only these options while placing a roof by footprint because you are looking at the roof in plan, which limits your ability to place a roof with nonuni- form geometry. Later in the book, we will explore doing just that, but for now let’s start with placing a flat roof using the footprint of the east wing. Flat Roofs by Footprint To begin, open the file you have been following along with. If you did not com- plete the previous chapter, go to the book’s web page at www.sybex.com/go/ revit2011ner. From there you can browse to Chapter 7 and find the file called NER-22.rvt. The objective of this procedure is to create a flat roof by outlining the building’s geometry in the plan: 1. In the Project Browser, double-click on the Roof view in the Floor Plans section (be careful not to click on Roof in the Ceiling plans). 2. Zoom in to the east wing. 3. Type VP to access the View Properties dialog. 4. Find the Underlay row and select None from the menu, as shown in Figure 7.1. 5. Click Apply. Placing Roofs by Footprint 287 6. On the Home tab, click Roof ➢ Roof By Footprint, as shown in Figure 7.2. FIGURE 7.1 Changing the view’s Underlay to None 7. On the Modify | Create Roof Footprint tab, be sure the Pick Walls but- ton on the Draw panel is checked, as shown at the top of Figure 7.3. 8. On the Options bar, uncheck Defines Slope, as shown in Figure 7.3. FIGURE 7.2 Clicking Roof By Footprint on the Home tab of the Design bar Chapter 7 • Roofs 288 9. In the Options bar, make sure the overhang is set to 0′ 0″. 10. Uncheck Extend Into Wall Core (if it is checked). 11. Hover your pointer over the leftmost vertical wall. Notice that it becomes highlighted. When you see the wall highlight, press the Tab key on your keyboard. Notice that all the perimeter walls highlight. When they do, pick (left-click) anywhere along the wall. This will place a magenta sketch line at the perimeter of the building (see Figure 7.3). FIGURE 7.3 Adding a sketch line to the perimeter of the building by highlighting one wall and pressing Tab 12. On the Modify | Create Roof Footprint tab, click Finish Edit Mode. 13. Go to a 3D view, as shown in Figure 7.4. With the roof added, step 1 is out of the way. Now we need to create a roof system. You will do this the same way you created your floor system in Chapter 6, “Floors.” Placing Roofs by Footprint 289 FIGURE 7.4 The roof has been added. We still have a lot of work to do, though. Creating a Flat Roof System Although you can use this system for a pitched roof, the steps for a flat roof sys- tem differ slightly. In Revit Architecture, there are two ways to look at a roofing system. One way is to create it using all of the typical roof materials and to create a large space for the structural framing. In this book I do not recommend that approach. Creating a roof using only the roofing components is necessary, but adding the structure will lead to conflicts when the actual structural model is linked with the architectural model. Also, it is hard for the architect to guess what the depth of the structural framing will be. In Revit, you want each component to be as literal and as true to the model as possible. The second way to look at a roof- ing system, as we are about to explore, is to build the roof in a literal sense—that is, to create the roof as it would sit on the structural framing by others. The objective of this procedure is to create a roof system by adding layers of materials: 1. Select the roof. (If you are having trouble selecting the roof, remember the Filter tool.) 2. On the Modify | Roofs tab, click the Type Properties button. 3. Click Duplicate. 4. Call the new roof system 4 ″ Insulated Concrete Roof. 5. Click OK. Chapter 7 • Roofs 290 6. Click the Edit button in the Structure row. 7. Change the material of Structure 1 to Concrete - Cast-in-Place Lightweight Concrete. (You do this by clicking in the cell and by clicking the […] button. You can then select the material from the menu.) Once the material is selected, click OK. 8. Change Structure Thickness to 4 ″ (see Figure 7.5). 9. Insert a new layer above the core boundary. (You do this by click- ing on the number on the left side of the Core Boundary row, and clicking the Insert button below the Layers section, as shown in Figure 7.5.) 10. Change the function of the new layer to Thermal/Air Layer [3]. 11. Click in the Material cell. 12. Click the […] button to open the Materials dialog. 13. Select Insulation / Thermal Barriers - Rigid Insulation for the material. 14. Click OK. 15. Change Thickness to 4 ″. 16. Click the Variable button. When we modify the roof, this insulation layer will warp, allowing us to specify roof drain locations. 17. Insert a new layer above the Insulation. 18. Give it a Function of Finish 1 [4]. 19. Select Roofing - EPDM Membrane. 20. Click OK. 21. Change Thickness to 1/4 ″ (see Figure 7.5). 22. Click OK. 23. Click OK again to get back to the model. 24. Press Esc. Phew! That was a long procedure. It was worth it, though. You will be using this process a lot in Revit Architecture. For the next procedure, we will add some roof drain locations, and then taper the insulation to drain to these locations. Placing Roofs by Footprint 291 FIGURE 7.5 The complete roof system ta k e a lo o k It is always a good idea to keep the preview window open when you modify the roof system. If you look toward the bottom of the Edit Assembly dialog, you will see a preview button, as shown in the following illustration. Click it, and you can see the roof as it is being constructed. Chapter 7 • Roofs 292 Tapering a Flat Roof and Adding Drains If you went through the floor procedure in Chapter 6, you will see that the pro- cess for tapering a roof is similar to pitching a floor. You may have also noticed that creating a roof system is identical to creating a floor system. To taper the roof insulation, you must first divide the roof into peaks and valleys, and then specify the drain locations based on the centering of these locations: 1. In the Project Browser, make sure you are in the Roof floor plan. 2. Select the roof. (You may have to use the Filter tool here.) TIP Even when you do successfully select the roof, you may not be able to tell. The roof doesn’t seem to highlight. When you have the roof selected, the Options bar will show the Modify icons. Also, look in the top of the Properties dialog box—it should read Basic Roof : 4″ Insulated Concrete Roof. 3. With the roof selected, select the Create Split Lines button shown in Figure 7.6. 4. Draw a line from the points shown in Figure 7.6. 5. Press Esc. 6. Select the roof. TIP One really nice thing about modifying the roof is now, to select the roof, all you need to do is pick one of the ridgelines and the roof is selected. 7. To activate the points in the roof, click the Modify Sub Elements but- ton, as shown in Figure 7.7. This will allow you to modify the points you have picked already. 8. Click the Add Point button, as shown near the top of Figure 7.8. 9. Add two points at the midpoints marked as “1” and “2” in Figure 7.8. 10. Click the Add Split Line button and draw a ridge across the entire length of the building from point 1 to point 2, as shown in Figure 7.9. 11. Press Esc twice; then, on the Home tab, click Ref Plane as shown at the top right of Figure 7.10. Placing Roofs by Footprint 293 12. Draw four reference planes spaced approximately the same as in Figure 7.10. FIGURE 7.6 Start splitting the radial portion of the roof. FIGURE 7.7 Click the Modify Sub Elements button to activate the points in the subassembly of the roof. . with. If you did not com- plete the previous chapter, go to the book’s web page at www.sybex.com/go/ revit2 011ner. From there you can browse to Chapter 7 and find the file called NER-22.rvt. The objective. in plan, which limits your ability to place a roof with nonuni- form geometry. Later in the book, we will explore doing just that, but for now let’s start with placing a flat roof using the footprint. definitely a consideration. Drainage to roof drains or scuppers is another con- sideration as well. But how about pitched roofs? Now we are in an entirely new realm of options, pitches, slopes,