654 WebSphere Studio Application Developer Version 5 Programming Guide Scrubbing output folder Analyzing sources Compiling ItsoProGuideBasicWeb/Java Source/itso/bank/facade Compiling ItsoProGuideBasicWeb/Java Source/itso/basicweb/control Compiling ItsoProGuideBasicWeb/Java Source/itso/basicweb/filter Compiling ItsoProGuideBasicWeb/Java Source/itso/basicweb/listener Compiling ItsoProGuideBasicWeb/Java Source/itso/jbwp Reading saved built state for project ItsoProGuideEJB Reading saved built state for project ItsoProGuideJava Build done [warExport] Exporting: ItsoProGuideBasicWeb Updating [warExport] Exporting: ItsoProGuideBasicWeb Done. BUILD SUCCESSFUL Total time: 5 seconds RunAnt.run done The output file ItsoProGuideBasicWeb.war was created in the output directory c:\ItsoProGuideTest\dist as specified in the build.xml script. Summary In this chapter we introduced you to the Ant build tool and explained how to perform a build of both a simple Java application and a full J2EE application. We also described how to run the Ant tool outside of Application Developer for easier integration into your build process. © Copyright IBM Corp. 2003. All rights reserved. 655 Chapter 20. Profiling applications In this chapter, we discuss the architecture for profiling, the process of profiling Java processes, and the performance analysis tools provided with Application Developer. 20 656 WebSphere Studio Application Developer Version 5 Programming Guide Profiling architecture Application Developer provides the developer with a set of tools to allow for early analysis of performance related issues in Java applications. The profiling tools can be used to gather performance information on applications that are running:  Inside an application server, such as WebSphere  As a standalone Java application  On the same machine as Application Developer  On a remote machine from Application Developer  In multiple JVMs Using filters, you can focus on classes that you are interested in and omit tracing for others. Traditionally, performance profiling is done once an application is getting close to deployment or when it has already been deployed. Using the Application Developer profiling tools allows you to move this analysis to a much earlier phase in the development cycle, therefore giving you more time to modify your architecture based on any problems detected. Profiling creates a number of different graphical and tabular views of a Java program’s run-time behavior, and simplifies identifying and diagnosing performance related problems. The basic architecture of the profiling tools involves the JVM, (Java Virtual Machine), where the application is running, an agent running inside the JVM capturing profiling information, an agent controller that controls the agent and retrieves profiling information, and the performance analyzer inside Application Developer. The relationships between the components is shown Figure 20-1. The agent runs inside the JVM and uses the Java Virtual Machine Profiler Interface, (JVMPI), to interface with the JVM. If you are interested in more information about JVMPI, the following Sun Web site has details: http://java.sun.com/products/j2se/1.3/docs/guide/jvmpi/jvmpi.html Chapter 20. Profiling applications 657 Figure 20-1 Application Developer profiling architecture Profiling Java processes In this section, we will use the ItsoProGuide enterprise application that we developed so far. We start a server in profiling mode, and use this application to collect profiling data, and later analyze the collected data. We also run some of the Web application processes to collect and analyze data. Agent Controller Before you can start using the profiling tools, be sure that you have the Agent Controller installed, and that it is started as a service on the host where the application to profile is running. Installing the Agent Controller is explained in “Installing the Agent Controller” on page 792. Once the Agent Controller is installed, ensure that it is started as a service. Click Start -> Settings -> Control Panel , then select Administrative tools and Services . You should see an entry for the IBM Agent Controller in the list of services (Figure 20-2). Agent Controller Java Virtual Machine User App Performance Analyzer Control Interface Viewer Formatter Deployment Host(s) Development Host Application Developer control data control data Agent 658 WebSphere Studio Application Developer Version 5 Programming Guide Figure 20-2 IBM Agent Controller service entry Profiling an application in the WebSphere Test Environment When you have made sure that the Agent Controller is installed and started, you are ready to start profiling your application. We assume here that you have created the ItsoServer test server, as described in “Creating a server for testing” on page 224. To begin, you must start your test server in profiling mode. To do so, switch to Server perspective and select the ItsoServer in the Servers view, then select Profile from the context menu. Figure 20-3 shows the server in the Server view once it has started in profiling mode. Figure 20-3 Server started in profiling mode Attaching to a Java process To start a new profiling session, select Profile -> Attach -> Java Process . We want to run the profiling against the process that is already running, namely the server process that we started earlier. From this menu you could also launch a new process, as described in “Launch Java process for profiling” on page 663. Chapter 20. Profiling applications 659 In the dialog that is displayed, you should see the process ID of the server process listed. Expand unknown[PID:XXXX] in the Agents list to see the available agents (Figure 20-4). Figure 20-4 Attach Java process - select agent There are two agents available for you to select: Java Profiling Agent and J2EE Request Profiler . The Java Profiling Agent collects data within the boundaries of a single Java Virtual Machine's (JVM) execution space. The agent is attached to a JVM in which the profiled application runs. Profiling focuses on the level of an agent or process and provides the following types of sequence diagrams:  Object interactions  Class interactions  Thread interactions The J2EE Request Profiler is an agent that resides within the application server process for the purpose of collecting data from the interception points of the application's requests. The J2EE Request Profiler uses the Agent Controller to externalize this data so that it can be rendered by the various views provided by the Profiling perspective of the Workbench. The J2EE Request Profiler collects data from requests arriving in EJB containers as well as Web containers. This data collection mechanism enables the creation of sequence diagrams, which represent interactions among servlets, JSPs, and 660 WebSphere Studio Application Developer Version 5 Programming Guide enterprise beans, while ignoring other artifacts of the application infrastructure that do not represent the business logic of the application. The collected data enables the creation of a variety of different diagrams, which are defined for specific levels of the profiling hierarchy (monitors, hosts, processes, and agents). The Sequence Diagram views of the Profiling perspective offer the following diagram types:  Host interactions  Process interactions  Thread interactions  Object interactions  Class interactions Click All>> to select both the Java Profiling Agent and the J2EE Request Profiler. Click Next to proceed to the next page of the wizard. On this page, you can change the default name of the monitor. Normally you will leave the defaults on this page (Figure 20-5). Figure 20-5 Attach Java process - select project and monitor Click Next to proceed to the Profiling Filters page (Figure 20-6). On this page, there are several existing sets of filters for you to select from. You can select one of the predefined filters, edit a filter, or add a new one. Note: A filter limits the profiling data that is collected by package or class name. Chapter 20. Profiling applications 661 Figure 20-6 Attach Java process - set filters  Default—Normally you do not want to include system classes in profiling. The default filter does this for you.  WebSphere J2EE—Filters com.tivoli* and db2j* in addition to the default.  WebSphere Studio—Stricter filter that changes two filters: com.ibm.etools* and org.eclipse*. Click Next , and you are taken to a page where you an specify more profiling options (Figure 20-7):  Start profiling after a number of invocations or time period (remove startup invocations)  Collect boundary classes and instance-level information in the execution flow Click Finish . 662 WebSphere Studio Application Developer Version 5 Programming Guide Figure 20-7 Attach Java process - profiling options Start monitoring The profiling perspective with the Profiling Monitor view opens with the two agents. You are reminded with a pop-up window that you have to start monitoring. We have connected so far, but we have not started monitoring. The process along with both monitors are shown in the Profiling Monitor view (Figure 20-8). Select them both and select Start Monitoring from the context menu to begin gathering statistics. Figure 20-8 Profiling Monitor Chapter 20. Profiling applications 663 To collect data, run some of the Web transactions, for example:  Select the ItsoProGuideBasicWeb project and Run on Server .  Enter a customer number, then select an account, run a deposit, and list the transactions records.  If you have implemented the EJBs and the Banking facade that calls the BankEJB session bean (see “Adapting the Web applications” on page 436) then the EJBs are used to access the EJBBANK database.  Retrieve the collected data using the Refresh Views icon or select Refresh Views from the context menu of an agent.  Run a second sequence of deposit and list transactions for another customer.  Refresh the view. Stop monitoring by selecting Pause Monitoring in the Profiling Monitor view. Performance analysis views To access the different profiling views, use the icons on the toolbar:  for Heap view  for Object References view  for Execution Flow view.  for Package Statistics view  for Class Instance Statistics view  for Class Method Statistics view  for Instance Statistics view  for Method Statistics view See “Performance analysis” on page 666 for further details. Launch Java process for profiling In addition to attaching to running processes, as you did when profiling Web applications, you can also launch Java processes for profiling. We use the ItsoProGuideJava Java project, described in “Creating a Java project” on page 94. Select Profile -> Launch -> Java Process and the Launch Java Process wizard opens (Figure 20-9). . with Application Developer. 20 656 WebSphere Studio Application Developer Version 5 Programming Guide Profiling architecture Application Developer provides the developer with a set of tools to. Host Application Developer control data control data Agent 658 WebSphere Studio Application Developer Version 5 Programming Guide Figure 20-2 IBM Agent Controller service entry Profiling an application. 654 WebSphere Studio Application Developer Version 5 Programming Guide Scrubbing output folder Analyzing sources Compiling ItsoProGuideBasicWeb/Java Source/itso/bank/facade