1 AQUACULTURE AQUACULTURE & FISHERIES & FISHERIES IN THE MEKONG DELTA IN THE MEKONG DELTA - - VIET NAM VIET NAM : : A A focuss focuss on inland on inland aquaculture aquaculture & & inland capture fisheries inland capture fisheries Dr. Nguyen Thanh Phuong Dr. Nguyen Thanh Phuong College of Aquaculture and Fisheries College of Aquaculture and Fisheries Can Tho University, Viet Nam Can Tho University, Viet Nam Paper presented at the international workshop on: Paper presented at the international workshop on: Asian Water Environment at the University of Tokyo Asian Water Environment at the University of Tokyo 26.3.2003 26.3.2003 2 Content of presentation Content of presentation 1. Introduction to the Mekong delta 2. Ecological conditions 3. Inland capture fisheries • Inland aquaculture • Conclusion 3 Introduction to Introduction to the Mekong delta, the Mekong delta, Viet Nam Viet Nam 4 Map of the Mekong delta • Total natural land area: 4 million ha (#12% of country), in which • coastal area: 1.37 million hectares • inland area: 1.77 million hectares Map of Viet Nam Map of Viet Nam 5 Total water surface used for Total water surface used for aquaculture aquaculture by 2001 by 2001 289391 453583 547105 755178 0 200000 400000 600000 800000 1995 2001 Aquaculture area (ha) Mekong Delta Viet Nam ( ( General Statistics Office General Statistics Office , 2001) , 2001) 6 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 Year Production (x 1,000 MT) Viet Nam Mekong delta Production of inland capture fisheries and Production of inland capture fisheries and aquaculture aquaculture in the Mekong delta & in the Mekong delta & Viet Viet Nam Nam In 2001: In 2001: Inland Inland aquaculture aquaculture areas: 250,000 ha (47 % of the delta) areas: 250,000 ha (47 % of the delta) Inland Inland aquaculture aquaculture production: 248,468 MT (56 % of the delta) production: 248,468 MT (56 % of the delta) 7 Ecological Conditions Ecological Conditions 8 • Flat & low-lying region • Dense rivers & canals (# 5,000 km) • Affected heavily by water flow & sea tides • Flooded annually: • flood water flow: 40,000-42,000 m 3 /s • large amount of sediments and aquatic seeds brough into the delta • flood duration: from 2-6 months • flood water level: 1-4 m • coverage areas: 1.4-1.9 million hectares (8/12 provinces) How to utilize flood water is a question? Major Characteristics of the MD (1) Major Characteristics of the MD (1) 9 • Climate is governed by monseasonal regime > seperated wet season (May - Oct.) & dry season (Nov. - April). • Mekong delta can be divided into different ecological zones based on flood level, acidity & salinity > aquaculture & fisheries development must reflect to this Major characteristics of the MD (2) Major characteristics of the MD (2) 10 Major water bodies can be utilized for Major water bodies can be utilized for inland capture fisheries & inland capture fisheries & aquaculture aquaculture Rice fields Ponds Rivers Flooded rice fields [...]... Conclusion • Inland aquaculture is dominated by large-scale catfishes & prawn farming These two commodities play an important role in regional & national economic development • Inland capture fisheries, which is operated as subsistence and seasonal activities, & small-scale aquaculture are important in poverty alleviation • Flood-water influences both inland aquaculture & inland capture fisheries >... fish, snail, home-made feeds Yield: 0. 4-0 .8 tons/ha/crop (fish) 0. 3-0 .5 tons/ha/crop (prawn) • Number of crop: One crop per year ( 4-6 months) 20 Utilization of Rice Fields & Flooded Rice Fields for Aquaculture (3) Alternative fish/prawn & rice production • • • • • • Total area: varying yearly, but being increased Stocking density: 5-1 0 ind./m2 Species: prawn, snakeskin gouramy, climbing perch Feed:... Yield: 3-5 tons/ha/crop Number of crops: one per year ( 4-6 months) Net pen for prawn culture Net pen for prawn culture 22 Utilization of Pond Water for Aquaculture (1) Pond culture of catfish • • • • • • Total area: 2,000 ha Stocking density: 1 0-2 0 fingerling/m2 Species: P hypophthalmus Feeds: Home-made feeds & pellet Yield: 10 0-1 50 ton/ha/crop Number of crops: 1. 5-2 per year Pond & feeding Feeding base... snail, home-made feeds Yield: 0. 6-0 .9 tons/ha/crop Number of crop: one crop per year Rice farming in dry season Fish/prawn culture in wet season 21 Utilization of Rice Fields & Flooded Rice Fields for Aquaculture( 1) Pen culture of prawn & fishes • • • • • • Total area: a couple of thousands of ha Stocking density: 5-1 5 ind./m2 Culture species: prawn & fishes Feed: golden snail, trash fish, homhe-made feeds... Bamboo pen for prawn culture 17 Feeds and feeding for catfishes Feed ingredients: based on local supply Feeds: self-prepared feed + commercial pellets Feeding: manual + semi-auto Low costs but seasonal quality variation Trash fish Semi auto-feeding Feed cooking Feeding base 18 Utilization of Rice Fields & Flooded Rice Fields for Aquaculture (1) Rice cropping pattern 3 4 5 6 (rice crop 2) 7 8 9 10 11... crop 3) 1 2 3 rice crop 1 Integrated prawn/fish & rice crop 2 Prawn/fish culture without rice crop 2 Prawn/Fish culture during flood period A diagram of aquaculture combined with rice production 19 Utilization of Rice Fields & Flooded Rice Fields for Aquaculture (2) Integrated fish/prawn & rice production • • • • • Total area: approximately 4,000 ha Stocking density: 2-5 individual/m2 Culture species:... catfishes: • No of cages: 5,000 cages (20 0-1 ,500 m3) • Stocking density: 7 0-1 50 fingerling/m3 • Culture species: P bocourti & P hypophthalmus • Feeds: home-made feeds & pellets • Yield: 9 0-1 50 kg/m3 • Number of crops: one per year Pangasius bocourti Cage cluster Pangasius hypophthalmus 15 Utilization of river water for aquaculture (2) Small cage aquaculture of other species • barb (Barbodes altus) • snakehead... Using mostly passive and simple fishing gears such as set net,long line, short gillnet, trap, lift net, cast net, stow net, • Stow net is important for the exploitation of Cirrhinus jullient, Notopterus chitala and off-spring/fingerling of many species for culture (Pangasius catfishes) 12 Cast net Lift net Trap net 13 Inland Aquaculture 14 Utilization of River Water for Aquaculture (1) Large cage culture... important in poverty alleviation • Flood-water influences both inland aquaculture & inland capture fisheries > utilization of flood-water for aquaculture & capture fisheries are very important Water management for the Mekong Delta must reflect the inland capture fisheries and aquaculture 24 Thank you for your attention 25 ... Barbodes gonionotus Chana micropeltes 16 Utilization of River Water for Aquaculture (3) Pen culture of catfish & prawn • Total area: few hundred hectares • Stocking density: 1 0-2 0 ind./m2 • Culture species: P hypophthalmus & giant freshwater prawn • Feeds: home-made feeds and pellets • Yield: 5 0-7 5 MT/ha/crop (for catfish) & 3-5 MT/ha/crop for prawn • Number of crops: 1per year Bamboo pen for catfish . 1 AQUACULTURE AQUACULTURE & FISHERIES & FISHERIES IN THE MEKONG DELTA IN THE MEKONG DELTA - - VIET NAM VIET NAM : : A A focuss focuss on inland on inland aquaculture aquaculture &. MT) Viet Nam Mekong delta Production of inland capture fisheries and Production of inland capture fisheries and aquaculture aquaculture in the Mekong delta & in the Mekong delta & Viet Viet Nam Nam In. & Viet Viet Nam Nam In 2001: In 2001: Inland Inland aquaculture aquaculture areas: 250,000 ha (47 % of the delta) areas: 250,000 ha (47 % of the delta) Inland Inland aquaculture aquaculture