Unit 9 – DESERTS Language Focus CONJUNCTION (Liên từ) I. Khái niệm: Liên từ (Conjuntion) là từ dùng để kết nối các từ, cụm từ hoặc các câu có quan hệ với nhau về mặt ý nghóa. Ex: and (và), but (nhưng), or (hoặc)… II. Phân loại và cách sử dụng: có 4 nhóm liên từ chính: 1. Liên từ nối từ với từ, cụm từ với cụm từ: Dùng để nối các từ, nhóm từ có chức năng giống nhau (Noun – Noun / Verb – Verb / Adjective – Adjective / Adverb – Adverb / Pronoun – Pronoun) a. Liên từ đơn :gồm: and but or nor both Ex: The man is kind and generous. ( Ông ấy tử tế và phóng khoáng) (Adjective – Adjective) - The country lane was narrow, steep and muddy. (Con đường làng thì hẹp, dốc và lầy lội) . - In my spare time, I enjoy reading novels or watching T.V. (Vào thời gian rãnh rỗi, tôi thích đọc sách hoặc xem T.V) - I looked for my book but couldn’t find it. (Tôi đã mãi tìm quyển sách nhưng không thấy nó) Verb – Verb - These shoes are old but comfortable. (Những đôi giày này cũ nhưng thoải mái) b. Liên từ kép: gồm not only … but also …; both … and… ; either … or … ; neither … nor … EX: - I have met both his father and his mother. (Tôi đã gặp cả cha và mẹ của anh ấy) - On Friday evening, I either go to the cinema or stay at home and watch TV. (Vào tối thứ sáu, tôi hoặc là đi xem phim hoặc là ở nhà và xem TV. - George neither wrote nor phoned. (George đã không viết thư cũng không gọi điện) - Here are not only clean but also easy to park. (Ở đây không những sạch sẽ mà còn dễ đậu xe) Liên từ đơn Liên từ kép And (và) But (nhưng) Or (hoặc) Nor (cũng không) Both (cả hai) not only …but also (không những … mà còn) both… and (cả … và) either … or (hoặc… hoặc) neither … nor (không … cũng không) 2. Liên từ nối mệnh đề với mệnh đề : nếu dùng liên từ ở mệnh đề trước rồi thì KHÔNG được dùng liên từ ở mệnh đề sau và ngược lại.(ngoại trừ liên từ cặp) Tài liệu dùng kèm SGK 12 Unit 9 – DESERTS Language Focus 3. Liên từ nối cụm từ với mệnh đề : LIÊN TỪ NỐI CỤM TỪ MỆNH ĐỀ SAU Because of (bởicó) Due to (do có) Thanks to (nhờ có) Because of Nguyên nhân Ex : the cold weather Kết qủa , I didn’t go swimming. Tài liệu dùng kèm SGK 12 LIÊN TỪ NỐI MỆNH ĐỀ TRƯỚC LIÊN TỪ NỐI MỆNH ĐỀ SAU Because, since, as (bởi vì) So …………that Such …… that (quá ……….đến nỗi) Because Because Nguyên nhân S + V + So + Adj/Adv S + V + Such + N- Phrase ( Art + Adj + Noun) Ex : He was such a kind person It was so cold the weather was cold The weather was cold I want to get a better job. So (vì thế) that that that that , so Kết qủa + Clause + Clause everyone likes him we stopped playing , I didn’t go swimming. I didn’t go swimming. I'm learning English Although (mặc dù) (Even) though Even if However + Adj/Adv = No matter how + Adj/Adv(dù đi nữa) Whether …or not (dù … hay không) While (trong khi) Sự tương phản Ex: Whether you tell them or not Hung studied very hard ,but , yet (nhưng) ,but / yet Sự tương phản They will find out the truth He still failed the exam If (nếu) Only if (chỉ với điều kiện) Even if (nếu) Unless (nếu không) Provided that (miễn là) Providing that (miễn là) Điều kiện If I were you We must run Otherwise (nếu không thì) Or = Or else (nếu không thì) ,otherwise Kết quả I would take a taxi to the airport. we will be late Việc thực hiện She brought a lot of money with her Take your money with you In order that (để mà) So that(để mà) In case (để phòng khi) so that in case Mục đích she could buy some duty-free goods. you see any good souvenirs to buy Unit 9 – DESERTS Language Focus In spite of Despite Sự tương phản Ex: Whether you tell them or not Sự tương phản They will find out the truth Without (nếu không có) But for (nếu không có) Without Điều kiện your help Kết quả , I would have got lost 4. Liên từ nối câu với câu: CÂU TRƯỚC LIÊN TỪ NỐI CÂU SAU Nguyên nhân Ex : She felt tired . Therefore, (Vì thế) . Consequently ,(vì thế) As a result (Kết quả là) ; as a result Kết qủa she went to bed early Sự tương phản Ex: Mary was happy Mary was happy . Nevertheless, (Thế nhưng) . Whereas (thế nhưng) . Nonetheless, (Thế nhưng) . However, (Tuy nhiên) . On the other hand, (Mặt khác) .On the contrary (Ngược lại) . (But) In fact (thật ra) . However, Sự tương phản Alice was sad . Alice, however, was sad Ý thứ nhất Ex: I don’t want to go shopping Besides (Ngoài ra) In addition (Thêm vào đó) Moreover (Hơn nữa) Furthermore (Hơn nữa) In fact (thật vậy) Also (Cũng vậy) . Besides, Ý bổ sung I don’t have any money. EX: Because the weather was cold, I didn’t go swimming. I went swimming even though the weather was cold. EX: It was cold. However, I still went swimming. It was cold. I , however, sill went swimming. EX: Mary is rich, but John is poor. EX: Because of the cold weather, I didn’t go swimming. I went swimming in spite of the cold weather. ADVERBIAL CLAUSES OF REASONS, RESULTS AND CONCESSION I/ Choose A, B, C or D that best completes each unfinished sentence 1. Mai worked hard , ______ she passed her exam . a. so b. although c. because d. though 2. _____ she was very tired , she helped her brother with his homework . a. Because b. whether c. Although c. so Tài liệu dùng kèm SGK 12 Unit 9 DESERTS Language Focus 3. Its raining hard , _____ we cant go to the beach . a. or b. but c. so d. though 4. Nam was absent from class yesterday ____ he felt sick . a. so b. because c. although d. but 5. Tom has a computer , _____ he doesnt use it . a. or b. as because d. but 6. The boy cant reach the shelf ____ hes not tall enough. a. because b. although c. even though d. and 7. The film was boring , ____ we went home . a. so b. when c. but c. if 8. The girl bought the shoes _____ they are very expensive . a. but b. if c. so d. although 9. He used to smoke a lot ______ now he doesnt smoke any more . a. still b. therefore c. but d. as 10. She couldnt unlock it ______ she had the wrong key . a. while b. but c. though d. because 11. ____ it rained , the boys played football . a. Even b. Even though c. However d. In spite of 12. It was still painful , ____ I went to see a doctor . a. so b. however c. but d. or 13. Lan likes oranges _____ her sister doesnt . a. but b. as c. so because 14. Nam failed the final exam _____ he was lazy . a. while b. though c.because d. but 15. Hes tired _____ he stayed up late watching TV. a. and b. or c. if d. since 16. Jim can speak English _____ French fluently . a. also b. but also c. and d. so 17. _______ the traffic , I arrived on time . a. Though b. Although b. Even though d. In spite of 18. ______ they live near us , we can see them very often . a. So b. As c. Though d. Even 19. ______ I was really tired , I couldnt sleep . a. If b. Although c. While D. However 20. We watched TV the whole evening ______ we had nothing better to do . a. because b. though c. so d. but 21. Its cheap , _____ I dont like it . a. and b. because c. so d. however 22. ______ it was late , I decided to phone Brian. a. Despite b. However c. In spite of d. Though 23. The little boy was hungry ______ he ate nothing . a. although b. so c. but d. and 24. ______ the car was cheap , it was in good condition . a. Although b. Because c. As d. If 25. ______ tomorow is a public holiday , all the shops will be shut . a. As b. Just as c. Although d. When 26. She came in _____ turned on the radio . a. so b. and c. or d. but 27. We didnt go for a walk _____ it was very cold . a. though b. because c. but d. so 28. ______ I tried to persuade her , I didnt succeed . a. Because b. So c. Although d. However 29. Lan woke up late _____ she didnt have time for breakfast a. so b. since c. as d. though 30. I like fish ____ I dont like catching them myself . a. or b. but c. so d. and 31. He had an accident ____ he was careful . a. even though b. because c. so d. since 32. _____ it was raining , I went swimming . a. So b. Because c. However d. Although 33. Ann felt ill , ____ she insisted on going to work . a. though b. so c. and d. but 34. _____ I felt tired , I went to bed early . a. Although b. So c. As d. However 35. _____ hes got an English name , he is German . a. Although b. However c. Because d. Since 36. They decided not to go out for a meal _____ they were too tired . a. so b. because c. but d. if 37. We were the better team ____ we lost the match . a. so b. and c. but d. because 38. Keith decided to give up his job ___ I advised him not to a. because b. however c. although d. since 39. ______ we were in town , we often met him . a. For b. Although C. So d. When 40 . She didnt get the job ____ she had all the necessary qualifications . a. because b. although c. so d. but 41. I could not eat ____ I was very hungry . a. even though b. in spite c. despite d. in spite the fact that 42. In pite _____ , the baseball game was not cancelled . a. the rain b. of the rain c. it was raining d. there was a rain 43. ___ he had enough money , he refused to buy a new car . a. In spite b. In spite of c. Despite d. Although 44. ______ , he walked to the station . a. Despite being tired b. Although to be tired c. In spite being tired d. Despite tired 45. The children slept well , despite _____ a. it was noise b. the noise c. of the noise d. noisy 46. She left him __________ she still loved him . a. even if b. even though c. in spite of d. despite 47. _______ her lack of hard work , she was promoted . a. In spite b. Even though c. in spite of d. despite of 48. _______ they are brothers, they do not look like . a. Although b. Even c. Despite d. In spite of Taứi lieọu duứng keứm SGK 12 . từ: Dùng để nối các từ, nhóm từ có chức năng giống nhau (Noun – Noun / Verb – Verb / Adjective – Adjective / Adverb – Adverb / Pronoun – Pronoun) a. Liên từ đơn :gồm: and but or nor both Ex:. Adj/Adv = No matter how + Adj/Adv(dù đi nữa) Whether …or not (dù … hay không) While (trong khi) Sự tương phản Ex: Whether you tell them or not Hung studied very hard ,but , yet (nhưng) ,but /. rãnh rỗi, tôi thích đọc sách hoặc xem T.V) - I looked for my book but couldn’t find it. (Tôi đã mãi tìm quyển sách nhưng không thấy nó) Verb – Verb - These shoes are old but comfortable. (Những