13-10 USING INFINITIVES WITH TOO AND ENOUGH TOO f ADJECm f (FOR SOMEONE) f hfinitives okten follow expressions w~th I A piano is too heavy to lijt. too. Too comes in front of an adjective. (b) That box is too heaty for me to hji. In the speaker's mind, the use of too implies a negative result. (c) That box is too heazy for Bob to 183. , COMPARE I _ __ I _ __. L ____ I The bm is roo heauv. I can't lift it. Infinitives often follow expressions with enough. ADJECTN6 + GNOUGH + Enough comes in front of a noun.* (f) Jimmy isn't old enough to go to school. Enough follows an adjective. 1 (g) Are you hungty enough to eat three sandwiches? *Snargh can also follow a noun: I &n't hovs monqy enough to bq har ear. In everyday English, however, enough usually comes in front of s noun. CI EXERCISE 32. TOO and ENOUGH + infinitive. (Chart 13-10) Direcn'mu: Combine the sentences. PART I. Use too. 1. We can't go swimming today. It's very cold. + It's cold lfor us) to go swimming today. 2. I couldn't finish my homework last night. I was very sleepy. 3. This jacket is very small. I can't wear it. 4. Mike couldn't go to his aunt's housewarming party. He was very busy. 5. I live far from school. I can't walk there. 6. Some movies are very violent. Children shouldn't watch them. PART 11. Use enough. 7. I can't reach the top shelf. I'm not that tall. -+ I'm not tall enough to reach the 9 shelf. fib . 8. 1 can't lift a horse. I'm not that strong. 9. It's not warm today. We can't go outside in shorts and sandals. 10. 1 didn't stay home and miss work. I wasn't really sick, but I didn't feel good all day. EXERCISE 33. TOO and ENOUGH + Inflnltive. (Chart 13-10) Directions: Complete the sentences by choosing from the words in italics. Use too or enough + an infinitive. 1. smnghift I'm not a refrigerator. 2. weaklli3 Most people are tOo weak tO \i& a refrigerator without help. 3. busylannver I was the phone. I let it keep ringing until the caller gave up. 4. earlylget We got to the concert good seats. 394 CHAPTER 13 5. ji4Ulhold My suitcase is any more clothes. 6. largelhold My suitcase isn't all the clothes I want to take on my trip. Rex is into Bobo's doghouse. 7. biglget Julie's purse is her dog Pepper. ,: ' EXERCISE 34. TOO and ENOUGH + Inflnltlve. (Chart 13-10) Directions: Complete the sentences with too and enough. Use 0 if nothing is needed. 1. Alan is too , *., smart $ to make that kind of mistake. 2. Alan is d smart chow h to understand how to solve that ., problem. 3. My pocket is big to hold my wallet. I always carry my wallet there. 4. A horse is big for a person to lift. 5. I'm uncomfortable. This room is hot . Why don't you open the window? 6. That watch is expensive . I can't afford it. 7. Are you tall to reach that book for me? The green one on the top shelf. Thanks. 8. Ask John to move that box. He's strong to lift it. 9. I am busy to help you right now. Gerund8 and Inflnltlves 3% EXERCISE 35. TOO and ENOUGH + Inflnltlve. (Chart 13-10) Diiections: Complete the following sentences. Use infinitives in the completions. 1. I'm too short 2. I'm not tall enough . . . . . . ! 3. I'm not suong enough . . . . .+'~ . . I? 4. Last night I was too tired . . . . i' 'h 5. Yesterday I was too busy . . . . ~.& 6. A Mercedes-Benz is too expensive . . . . 7. I don't have enough money . . . . 8. Yesterday I didn't have enough time . . . . 9. A teenager is old enough . . . . but too young . . . . .% 5 .&! '' 10. 1 how enough English . . . . but not enough . . . . . ~ ,? . : I , . .$ ,,, .;. I. h :. ,, m -9 EXERCISE 36. Review: gerunds vs. Inflnltives. (Chapter 0) Directions: Complete the sentences with the words in parentheses: gerund or intinitive. 1. It's difficult for me (remember) tb vew ' v phone numbers. 2. My cat is good at (catch) mice. 3. I bought a newspaper (look) at the ads for apartments for rent. 2~ 4. Tourists like (go) (swim) in the warm \ !.'I ocean in Hawaii. 5. 1 called my friend (im'te) her for dinner. ,~ y: j7sh 6. Wary talked about (go) to graduate school. 7. Ssrosh found out what was happening by (Ziscen) carefully llJFJ '. \ s,&lr.:: , . :: LliiIP, to everything that was said. ,2t$l~l<~3fl 8. Children, stop (draw) pictures on the tablecloth! 9. Professor Amani has a strong accent. It is difEcult for his students (understand) him. He needs (improve) " '(%is pronunciation if he wants (be) a good lecturer. (lecture) requires good communication MIS. 10. A: Hi! I'm home! a0s.q B: Welcome back. Did you have a good trip? A: Yes, thanks. How's everything? How are my goldfish? I hope you didn't forget Yl ihf rir Ifeed) them. , -,. 1 . B: Oh, my gosh1 396 CHAPTER 13 HYW a;! 11. Dan's goldfish died when he was away on a trip because his roommate forgot ifeed) them. Dan is considering (ger) a new roommate. 12. My friend Akihiko has goldfish in a pond in his garden. He enjoys geed) 1 ,', them one by one with chopsticks. 1 13. MichelleYinYi KO works sixteen hours a day (earn) ,.:.: I. ., enough money (take) care of her elderly parents and her children. . ' :<i '-J,,- c L,, ., i 11:. ,'I: tizm 14. It takes care, patience, and a little luck (rake) a really good in03 d~photograph of wildlife. 11 E . L , .I.i 3,~ . 15. No matter how wonderful a nip is, it's always good (ger) back home and (sleep) in one's own bed. - 16. A: Quit (stare) at the phone. Greg isn't going to call. . ' - B: I keep (think) - the phone will ring any second. A: I don't mean (be) unsympathetic, but I think you'd better forget , *. , . - - ,. . . about Greg. It's over. ~.t:.ns wf~ 1Y>7.!'1. ! : w,<*,:,.; :(.i 17. It's important to your health for you (work) at a job you like. If you hate (go) to your job, you should seriously thii about flook) for a different kind of job. The stress of (do) work you hate day in and day out can damage your health. 18. (ask) others about themselves and their lives is one of the secrets of (get) along with other people. It you want (make) and (keep) friends, it is important (be) sincerely interested in other people's lives. 19. I keep Uorget) (c@ my friend Louise. I'd better write myself a note. 20. I like (navel) to out-of-the-way places. I don't like (go) to usual tourist places when I'm on holiday. 21. Large bee colonies have 80,000 workers. These worker bees must visit fif*r million flowers (make) one kilogram (2.2 pounds) of honey. It's no wonder that "busy as a bee" is a common expression. lx, i'na tmii ,.I Gerunds and lnfinltlves 997 22. Exercise is good for you. Why don't you walk up the stairs instead of (take) the elevator? 23. Stop (crack) those nuts with your teeth! Here. Use a nutcracker. Do you want (be) toothless by the time you're thirty? 24. Different cultures have different gestures. When North Americans meet someone, they usually offer a strong handshake and look the other person straight in the eye. In some countries, however, it is impolite (shake) hands firmly, and (look) a person in the eye is equally rude. 25. How close do you stand to another person when you are speaking? North Americans prefer (stand) just a little less than an arm's length from someone. Many people in the Middle East and Latin America like (mowe) in closer than that during a conversation. 26. (smile) at another person is a universal, cross-cultural gesture. Everyone throughout the world understands the meaning of a smile. Fus?CISE 37. Error analysis. (Chapter 13) Direcrdons: Correct the errors. 34% 1. Do you enjoy w+ge to the zoo? 2. I went to the store for getting some toothpaste. 3. Did you go to shopping yesterday? 4. I usually go to the cafeteria for to get a cup of coffee in the morning. 5. Bob needed to went downtown yesterday. 6. I cut the rope by a knife. 7. 1 thanked him for drive me to the airport. <.?$ 8. Is difficult to learn a second language. 9. It is important getting an education. 10. Timmy isn't enough old too get married. 398 CHAPTER 13 . , ;= 1 11. Do you want go to swimming tomorrow? 12. I went to the bank for cashing a check. 13. I was to sleepy to finish my homework last night. 14. Is easy this exercise to do. 15. Last night too tired no do my homework. 16. I've never gone to sailing, but I would like to. 17. Readiig it is one of my hobby. 18. The man began to built a wall around his garden. 19. I like to travel because you learn too much about other countries and cultures. 20. Instead of settle down in one place, I'd like to travel around the world. 21. My grandmother likes to fishing. 22. Mary would like to has a big family. EXERCISE 38. Speaking. (Chapter 13) Directions: Form small groups. Make a list of several topics that can be used for a one- minute impromptu speech. The topics should be gerund phrases. Exchange topics with another group. After your group has its topics, each member in turn should give a one- minute speech to the rest of the group. One group member should keep time. After all the speeches have been given, choose one speech from your group to be presented to the rest of the class. Examples of topics: eating at fast-food restaurants, naveling to a foreign wuntty, ding care of your health. EXERCISE 39. Writhg. (Chapter 13) Direch: What do you do for fun and recreation in your spare time? Write about one or two spare-time activities that you enjoy. What do you do? Where? When? Why? Mention some interesting experiences. Try to get your readers interested in doing the same things in their free time. Do you enjoy exploring caves? Is playing tennis one of your passions? Have you ever gone skydiving? Maybe collecting ceramic horses is one of your hobbies. Have you ever gone waterskiiig? Do you enjoy simple pleasures such as walking in a park? Do you go jogging for recreation? Maybe watching sports on television is your way of relaxing. It is important for all of us to have spare-time activities that we enjoy. What are yours? Gerunds and lnnnmves 399 EXERCISE 40. Review: verb forms. (Chapters 1 + 13) Direcrions: Complete the sentences by writing the correct form of the verb in parentheses. What is your most (embarmss) ewbawass~w experience? Let me tell you 1 what happened to my Uncle Ernesto when he (go) to Norway for a 2 business meeting last year. Fit, I must tell you about my uncle. He (be) a businessman from 3 Buenos Aires, Argentina. He (manufacture) a new kind of 4 computer compass for ships. Computer compasses (make) 5 by many companies in the world, so my uncle (have) a lot of 6 competition for his product. In order to sell his product, he (need) 7 (meet) with companies that might want to buy it. He (mveI) 8 frequently to other countries. 9 Last year, he (go) to Norway (meet) 10 11 with a shipping company. It was his first trip to Scandinavia. My Uncle Ernesto (speak) Spanish, of course, and also (know) a little 12 13 English, but he (know, not) any Norwegian. While he 14 (stay) in Norway, he Fawe) a problem. 15 16 Uncle Ernesto (stay) at a small hotel in Oslo. One 17 morning, while he (get) ready to take a shower, he (hear) 18 a hock at the door. He (walk) to the 19 20 I, , zn33 :door, (@en) it, and find) no one. He (take) I I 21 22 . ,I,, I/,, a step out of hi room and (look) down the 23 24 . . hall. He (see) no one. So he (turn) 25 26 (go) ,. . ,. . :, . ,, back into his room, but the door (close) ! It Sib ! tdr 27 28 004 , and he (have, no0 29 30 . different kind of job. The stress of (do) work you hate day in and day out can damage your health. 18. (ask) others about themselves and their lives is one of the secrets of (get) along. everyday English, however, enough usually comes in front of s noun. CI EXERCISE 32. TOO and ENOUGH + infinitive. (Chart 13-10) Direcn'mu: Combine the sentences. PART I the rest of the group. One group member should keep time. After all the speeches have been given, choose one speech from your group to be presented to the rest of the class. Examples of topics: