EXERCISE 4. Revlew of verb forms: past, present, and future. (Chapters 1 and 2; Charts 3-1 and 3-2) Direceions: Complete the dialogue with your own words. The dialogue reviews the forms (statement, negative, question, short answer) of the simple present, simple past, and be going to. Example: A: I hitchhiked w school yesterday. B: Oh? That's interesting. Do you hitchhike to school every day? A: Yes, I do. I hitchhike to school every day. B: DO you also hitchhike home every day? A: No, I don't. Etc. 1. A: I yesterday. 2. B: Oh? That's interesting. YOU every day? 3. A: Yes, I . I every day. 4. B: you also every day? 5. A: No, I . I every day. 6. B: YOU yesterday? 7 7. A: Yes,I . I yesterday. 8. B: you also yesterday? 9. A: No,] . I yesterday. 10. B: Are You tomorrow? 11. A: Yes,] . I tomorrow. 12. B: you also tomorrow? 13. A: No,] . I tomorrow. EXERCISE 5. Present, past, and future time. (Chapters 1 and 2; Charts 3-1 and 3-2) Directions: Pair up with a classmate. Speaker A: Ask Speaker B a question about his or her activities. Use what and the given time expressions. Your book is open. Speaker B: Answer the question in a complete sentence. Your book is closed. Example: this evening SPEAKER A (book open): What are you going to do this evening? SPEAKER B (book ciosed): I'm going to get on the Internet for a while and then read. 1. yesterday 2. tomorrow 3. right now 4. every day 5. later today 6. the day before yesterday Switch roles. 7. tonight 8. the day after tomorrow 9. last week 10. next week 11. every week , r. 12. this weekend -3 FORMS WITH WILL I-You-She-He-It-We-They will come tomorrow. I 1 NL!GATNF. ( I-YOU-She-He-It-We-They will not (won't) come tomorrow. I I QUESTION I Will I-you-she-he-it-we-they come tomorrow? I SHORT ANSWER ( z::\ I-you-she-he-it-we-they {zrt, I I the teacher + will = "the teacher'll" speech, but usually not in writing. I Bob + will = "Bob'll" I Will is often contracted with nouns in CONTRA~ONS 'Ronouns are NOT contracTed with helping verbs in short answers. CORRBCT: Yas, I win. INCORRBCT: Ym, I'U: EXERCISE 6. Forms with WILL. (Chart 3-3) Directions: Practice using contractions with will. Write the correct contraction for the words in parentheses. Practice pronunciation. 1. (I mI1) 111 be home at eight tonight. 2. (Wed) do well in the game tomorrow. 3. (You wile probably get a letter today. 4. Karen is collecting shells at the beach. (She mI1) be home I, I around sundown. 5. Henry hurt his heel climbing a hill. (He wili) probably stay home today. -, 6. (It wil) probably be too cold to go swimming tomorrow. 7. I invited some guests for dinner. (They will) probably get here around seven. I'll she'll W'U you'll he'll they'll it'll EXERCISE 7. Forms with WILL. (Chart 3-3) DireeEias: Read the following sentences aloud. Practice contracting wia with nouns in speech. Will is usually contracted with pronouns in both speech and informal writing. 1. Rob will probably call tonight. ("Rob'll probably call tonight.") 2. Dinner will be at seven. 3. Mary will be here at six tomorrow. 4. The weather will probably be a little colder tomorrow. 5. The party will start at eight. 6. Sam will help us move into our new apartment. 7. My friends will be here soon. 8. The sun will rise at 6:08 tomorrow morning. -4 SUKENESS ABOU.I'l'HE FU.IUKE 100% sure 90% sure 50% sure (a) I wiN be in class tomorrow. OR I am going to be in class tomorrow. @) Po willprobably be in class tomorrow. OR Po is pmbably going to be in class tomorrow. (c) Anna pmbably won't be in class tomorrow. OR Anna probably isn't going to be in class tomorrow. Ali mqy come to class tomorrow, or Ali may not come to class tomorrow. I don't know what he's going to do. (e) Maybe Ali wiN come to class, and maybe he won't. OR Maybe Ali is going to come to class, and maybe he isn't. In (a): The speaker uses will or be going to because he feels sure about his future activity. He is stating a fact about the future. In @):The speaker uses probably to say that he expects Po to be in class tomorrow, but he is not 100% sure. He's almost sure, but not completely sure. Word order with probably:* (1) in a statement, as in @): helping verb + probably (2) with a negative verb, as in (c): probably + helping verb May expresses a future possibility: maybe something will happen, and maybe it won't happen.** In (d): The speaker is saying that maybe Ali will come to class, or maybe he won't come to class. The weaker is messing. Maybe + wilUbe going to gives the same meaning as mqy. (d) and (e) have the same meaning. Maybe comes at the beginning of a sentence. *See Chart 1-3, p. 9, for more information about placement of midsentence advabs such as WbabEy. **See Chart 7-3, p. 193, for more information about may. EXERCISE 8. Sureness about the future. (Chart 3-4) Directions: Discuss how sure the speaker is in each sentence. 1. The bank will be open tomorrow. + The speaker is very sure. 2. I'm going to go to the bank tomorrow. 3. I'll probably go to the post office too. 4. I may stop at the market on my way home. 5. Ms. White will probably be in the office around nine tomorrow morning. 6. MI. Wu will be in the office at seven tomorrow morning. 7. Mr. Alvarez may be in the office early tomorrow morning. 8. The sun will rise tomorrow. 9. I'm going to go to the art museum this Saturday, and I may go to the natural history museum too. 10. Abdul is probably going to come with me. 60 CHAPTER 3 EXERCISE 9. Sureness about the future: using PROBABLY. (Chart 3-4) Directionc For each situation, predict what will probably happen and what probably won't happen. Include probably in your prediction. Use either &U or be going to. 1. Antonio is late to class almost every day. (be on time tomorrow? be late again?) + Anwnw pmbably won't be on time tomorrow. He'llprobably be late again. 2. Rosa has a terrible cold. She feels miserable. (go to work tomorrow? stay home and rest?) 3. Sam didn't sleep at all last night. (go to bed early tonight? stay up all night again tonight?) 4. Ms. Bok needs to travel to a nearby city. She hates to fly. (take a plane? travel by bus or train?) 5. Mr. Chu is out of town on business. He needs to contact his assistant right away. (call her on the phone or e-mail her? wait until she calls him?) 6. Gina loves to run, but right now she has sore knees and a sore ankle. (run in the marathon race this week? skip the race?) 0 EXERCISE 10. Sureness about the future. (Chart 3-4) Directions: First the teacher will find out some information from Speaker A, and then ask Speaker B a question. Speaker B will answer using may or maybe if she's simply guessing or probably if she's fairly sure. Only the teacher's book is open. Example: TEACHER (book open): Who's going to visit an interesting place in this city soon? SPBAKBR A (book closed): (SpeakerA raises hislher hand.) I I. TEACHER (book open): Where are you going to go? SPEAKER A (book closed): To the zoo. TEACHER (book open): (Speaker B), how is (SpeakerA) going to get to the zoo? SPEAKER B (book closed): I have no idea. He may walk, or he may take a bus. Maybe he'll ride his bike. OR Well, it's pretty far from here, so he'll probably take a bus. .i t .I 1. Who's going to visit an interesting place soon? Where are you going to go? Question to Speaker B: How is (Speaker A) going to get to (name ofplace)? 2. Who is going to stay home tonight? Question to Speaker B: What is (Speaker A) going to do at home tonight? 3. Who's going to go out this evening? ,: . ,::!', . Question to Speaker B: What is (Speaker A) going to do this evening? t ., *< 4. Who's going to take a trip soon? Where are you going? Quesdon to Speaker B: How is (Speaker A) going to get to (name of place)? 5. (SpeakerA), please tell us three thiigs you would like to do this weekend. Questia to Speaker B: What is (Speaker A) going to do this weekend? Future lime 61 EXERCISE 11. Sureness about the future. (Chart 3-4) Directions: Answer the questions using wiU, be going to, or may. Include ebably or maybe as appropriate. Work in pairs or as a class. Example: What will you do after class tomorrow? + I'llpmbably go back to my apartment. OR I'm not sure. I may go to the bookstore. 1. Will you be in class tomorrow? 2. Will ( . . . ) be in class tomorrow? 3. Is ( . . . ) going to be in class a month from now? 4. What will the weather be like tomorrow? 5. Will the sun rise tomorrow morning? 6. Is ( . . . ) going to sit in the same seat in class again tomorrow? (Switch mles if working in pairs.) 7. What are you going to do after class tomorrow? 8. What is ( . . . ) going to do after class tomorrow? 9. Will we (do a particular actiwity) in class tomorrow? 10. Who will be the next @cad of state in this country)? 11. How will the Internet change students' lives? 12. How will the Internet change everyone's life? 0 EXERCISE 12. Activity: using WILL, BE GOING TO, and MAY. (Charts 3-1 + 3-4) Directions: In groups or as a class, use the given topics to discuss the future. The topics can also be used for writing practice. 1. Clothes: Will clothing styles change much in the next 10 years? The next 100 years? What kind of clothing will people wear in the year 3000? 2. Education: Will computers replace teachers? 3. Communicatim: Will computers take the place of telephones? Will we be able to see the people we're talking to? 4. Space: Will we discover other forms of lie in the universe? Will humans colonize other planets someday? 5. Environment: What will the earth's environment-its water, air, and land-be like in 100 years? Will we still have rainforests? Will animals live in the wild? Will the sea still be a plentiful source of food for humans? 6. Music: Will any of today's popular music still be popular 50 years from now? Which songs or singers will last? 7. TransportaeMn: Will we still use fossil fuels to power automobiles by the end of this century? Will most automobiles use electric motors in the future? Will cars use other sources of power? 8. Science: How will genetic engineering affect our food supply in the future? 62 CHAPTER 3 1 3-5 BE GOING TO vs. WILL (a) She is going to succeed because she works Be goins to and will mean the same when they are hard. ( used to make predictions about the future. 1 (b) She will succeed because she works hard. (a) and (b) have the same meaning. (c) I bought some wood because I am going tn Be goins to (but nor will) is used to express a prior build a bookcase for my apartment. plan (i.e., a plan made before the moment of speaking). In (c):The speaker plans to build a bookcase. (d) This chair is too heavy for you to carry alone. Will (but not be going to) is used to express a I'll help you. decision the speaker makes at the moment of speaking. In (d): The speaker decides to help at the immediate present moment; he did not have a prior plan or intention to help. EXERCISE 13. BE GOING TO vs. WILL. (Charts 3-1 3-5) Dimtias: Discuss the italicized verbs in the following dialogues. Are the speakers expressing (1) plans they made before the moment of speaking, or (2) decisions they are making at the moment of speaking? 1. A: Did you return Pam's phone call? B: No, I forgot. Thanks for reminding me. I'll call her right away. + Speaker B makes the decision at the moment of speaking. 2. A: I'm going w call Martha later this evening. Do you want to talk to her too? B: No, I don't think so. 3. A. Jack is in town for a few days. B: Really? Great! IPgive him a call. Is he staying at his Aunt Rosa's? 4. A: Alex is in town for a few days. B: I know. He called me yesterday. We're going to get together for a drink after I get off work tonight. 5. A: Are you leaving? B: Yes. I'm going to go for a short walk. I need some fresh air. A: 1% join you. B: Great! Where should we go? 6. A: I'm gmng to take Mohammed to the airport tomorrow morning. Do you want to come along? B: Sure. 7. A: We're going to go to Uncle Jacob's over the holiday. Do you want to come with us? B: Gee, I don't know. I'U think about it. When do you need to know? 8. A: Children, I have a very special job to do, and I need some help. I'm going to feed Mr. Whiskers, the rabbit. Who would like to help me? B: Me! C: I wiU! D: Me! Me! I will! E: I wiU! I will! EXERCISE 14. BE GOING TO vs. WILL. (Charts 3-1 -+ 3-5) '". f.;Sq Direcrions: Complete the sentences with be going to or dl. 1. A: Why did you buy this flour? B: I 'M qoihs to make some bread. 2. A: Could someone get me a glass of water? B: Certainly. I 11 get you one. Would you like some ice in it? 3. A: Are you going to go to the post office soon? ,%I. B: Yes. Why? A: I need to send this letter today. B: I mail it for you. A. Thanks. 4. A: Why are you carrying that box? B: I mail it to my sister. I'm on my way to the post office. 5. A: Could someone please open the window? B: I do it. A: Thanks. ' ,'"' ., .',>,, : I I , .j. 6: A: What are your vacation plans? B: We spend two weeks on a Greek island. 7. A: I have a note for Joe from Rachel. I don't know what to do with it. B: Let me have it. I give it to him. He's in my algebra class. A: Thanks. But you have to promise not to read it. 8. A: Did you know that Sara and I are moving? We found a great apartment on ,.' 45th Street. T B: That's terrific. I help you on moving day if you like. 1"-4tv 1 A: Hey, great! We'd really appreciate that. 9. A: Do you have a car? B: Yes, but I ,,I .# sell it. I don't need it now that I live in the city. 10. A: Do you want to walk to the meeting together? B: Okay. I meet you by the elevator. Okay? A: Okay. I wait for you there. . go to the post office too. 4. I may stop at the market on my way home. 5. Ms. White will probably be in the office around nine tomorrow morning. 6. MI. Wu will be in the office at seven. after class tomorrow? 9. Will we (do a particular actiwity) in class tomorrow? 10. Who will be the next @cad of state in this country)? 11. How will the Internet change students'. 2. A: Could someone get me a glass of water? B: Certainly. I 11 get you one. Would you like some ice in it? 3. A: Are you going to go to the post office soon? ,%I. B: Yes. Why? A: