Peterson’s MASTER TOEFL VOCABULARY 00_TOEFL Vocab FM,i-x 8/9/06, 10:131 About Peterson’s, A Nelnet Company Peterson’s (www.petersons.com) is a leading provider of education information and advice, with books and online resources focusing on education search, test preparation, and financial aid. Its Web site offers searchable databases and interactive tools for contacting educational institutions, online practice tests and instruction, and planning tools for securing financial aid. Peterson’s serves 110 million education consumers annually. For more information, contact Peterson’s, A Nelnet Company, 2000 Lenox Drive, Lawrenceville, NJ 08648; 800- 338-3282; or find us on the World Wide Web at: www.petersons.com/about Portions of this book were previously published in Reading and Vocabulary Workbook for the TOEFL Exam and Ultimate Word Success. © 2006 by Elizabeth Davy and Karen Davy TOEFL is a registered trademark of Educational Testing Service (ETS). This book is not endorsed or approved by ETS. Editor: Wallie Walker Hammond; Manufacturing Manager: Ray Golaszewski ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. No part of this work covered by the copyright herein may be reproduced or used in any form or by any means—graphic, electronic, or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, taping, Web distribution, or information storage and retrieval systems—without the prior written permission of the publisher. ISBN-13: 978-0-7689-2328-5 ISBN-10: 0-7689-2328-X Printed in the United States of America 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 08 07 06 First Edition 00_TOEFL Vocab FM,i-x 8/9/06, 10:132 Petersons.com/publishing Check out our Web site at www.petersons.com/publishing to see if there is any new information regarding the test and any revisions or corrections to the content of this book. We’ve made sure the information in this book is accurate and up-to-date; however, the test format or content may have changed since the time of publication. 00_TOEFL Vocab FM,i-x 8/9/06, 10:133 OTHER TITLES IN SERIES: Peterson’s Master TOEFL Reading Peterson’s Master TOEFL Writing Skills 00_TOEFL Vocab FM,i-x 8/9/06, 10:134 v Contents Before You Begin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . vii How This Book Is Organized . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . vii Special Study Features . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . vii You’re Well on Your Way to Success . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . viii Give Us Your Feedback . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . viii Top 10 Strategies to Raise Your Score . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ix PART I: TOEFL VOCABULARY BASICS 1 All About TOEFL Vocabulary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 Vocabulary on the TOEFL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 Strategies for Learning and Remembering New Words . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 Summing It Up . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 PART II: DIAGNOSING STRENGTHS AND WEAKNESSES 2 Practice Test 1: Diagnostic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 Answer Key and Explanations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 PART III: TOEFL VOCABULARY REVIEW 3Words in Context . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29 Strategies for Defining Words from Context . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29 Exercises . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50 Answer Key . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57 Summing It Up . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59 4 Everyday and Specific Vocabulary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61 Strategies for Learning Related Words . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61 How Thoughts Are Related. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61 Exercises . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86 Answer Key . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90 Summing It Up . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91 5 All About Roots . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93 Word Roots . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93 Strategies for Learning Roots . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93 How Roots Work . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94 00_TOEFL Vocab FM,i-x 8/9/06, 10:135 vi Contents www.petersons.com Learning Words with Greek Roots . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97 Learning Words with Latin Roots . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101 Exercises . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 110 Answer Key . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 114 Summing It Up . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115 6 All About Prefixes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117 Prefixes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117 Strategies for Learning Prefixes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117 How Prefixes Work . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 118 Learning Words with Greek Prefixes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121 Learning Words with Latin Prefixes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 127 Prefixes for Numbers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 133 Anglo-Saxon Prefixes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 133 Exercises . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 135 Answer Key . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 140 Summing It Up . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 142 7 All About Suffixes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 143 Suffixes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 143 Strategies for Learning Suffixes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 143 How Suffixes Work . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 144 Suffixes That Describe State of Being . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 148 Suffixes That Indicate Occupations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 150 Suffixes That Show Resemblance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 152 Suffixes That Show Amount . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 155 Twelve Useful Suffixes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 155 Exercises . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 159 Answer Key . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 164 Summing It Up . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 166 PART IV: TWO PRACTICE TESTS Practice Test 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 171 Answer Key and Explanations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 176 Practice Test 3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 181 Answer Key and Explanations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 186 00_TOEFL Vocab FM,i-x 8/9/06, 10:136 vii Before You Begin HOW THIS BOOK IS ORGANIZED If you are preparing for any version of the TOEFL, you are not alone. Almost a million people all over the world took the TOEFL last year. A high score on this test is an essential step in being admitted to undergraduate or graduate programs at almost all colleges and universities in North America. But prepar- ing for this test can be a difficult, often frustrating, experience. Peterson’s Master TOEFL Vocabulary, used as a self-tutor, will help you improve your vocabulary skills. You’ll learn many of the “right” words—words you don’t already know but that are likely to appear on your test. • Top 10 Strategies to Raise Your Score gives you test-taking strategies. • Part I provides TOEFL vocabulary basics, including strategies for learning and remembering new words. • Part II provides a diagnostic test to determine your strengths and weak- nesses. • Part III provides the basic vocabulary review. The words you’ll encounter start with those that are relatively simple. They become relatively difficult as you continue through the book. Various learning strategies, such as learning root words, are reviewed. • Part IV consists of two additional practice vocabulary tests. They will show you how well you have mastered the vocabulary skills presented in this book. SPECIAL STUDY FEATURES Peterson’s Master TOEFL Vocabulary is designed to be user-friendly. To this end, it includes features to make your preparation much more efficient. Overview The review chapters begin with a bulleted overview, listing the topics to be covered in the chapter. This will allow you to quickly target the areas in which you are most interested. 00_TOEFL Vocab FM,i-x 8/9/06, 10:137 . publication. 00 _TOEFL Vocab FM,i-x 8/9/06, 10 :13 3 OTHER TITLES IN SERIES: Peterson’s Master TOEFL Reading Peterson’s Master TOEFL Writing Skills 00 _TOEFL Vocab FM,i-x 8/9/06, 10 :13 4 v Contents Before. Peterson’s MASTER TOEFL VOCABULARY 00 _TOEFL Vocab FM,i-x 8/9/06, 10 :13 1 About Peterson’s, A Nelnet Company Peterson’s (www.petersons.com) is a leading. the publisher. ISBN -13 : 978-0-7689-2328-5 ISBN -10 : 0-7689-2328-X Printed in the United States of America 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 08 07 06 First Edition 00 _TOEFL Vocab FM,i-x 8/9/06, 10 :13 2 Petersons.com/publishing Check