APPLICATIONS OF DIGITAL SIGNAL PROCESSING Edited by Christian Cuadrado-Laborde Applications of Digital Signal Processing Edited by Christian Cuadrado-Laborde Published by InTech Janeza Trdine 9, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia Copyright © 2011 InTech All chapters are Open Access distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 license, which permits to copy, distribute, transmit, and adapt the work in any medium, so long as the original work is properly cited. After this work has been published by InTech, authors have the right to republish it, in whole or part, in any publication of which they are the author, and to make other personal use of the work. Any republication, referencing or personal use of the work must explicitly identify the original source. As for readers, this license allows users to download, copy and build upon published chapters even for commercial purposes, as long as the author and publisher are properly credited, which ensures maximum dissemination and a wider impact of our publications. Notice Statements and opinions expressed in the chapters are these of the individual contributors and not necessarily those of the editors or publisher. No responsibility is accepted for the accuracy of information contained in the published chapters. The publisher assumes no responsibility for any damage or injury to persons or property arising out of the use of any materials, instructions, methods or ideas contained in the book. Publishing Process Manager Danijela Duric Technical Editor Teodora Smiljanic Cover Designer Jan Hyrat Image Copyright kentoh, 2011. Used under license from Shutterstock.com First published October, 2011 Printed in Croatia A free online edition of this book is available at www.intechopen.com Additional hard copies can be obtained from orders@intechweb.org Applications of Digital Signal Processing, Edited by Christian Cuadrado-Laborde p. cm. ISBN 978-953-307-406-1 free online editions of InTech Books and Journals can be found at www.intechopen.com Contents Preface IX Part 1 DSP in Communications 1 Chapter 1 Complex Digital Signal Processing in Telecommunications 3 Zlatka Nikolova, Georgi Iliev, Miglen Ovtcharov and Vladimir Poulkov Chapter 2 Digital Backward Propagation: A Technique to Compensate Fiber Dispersion and Non-Linear Impairments 25 Rameez Asif, Chien-Yu Lin and Bernhard Schmauss Chapter 3 Multiple-Membership Communities Detection and Its Applications for Mobile Networks 51 Nikolai Nefedov Part 2 DSP in Monitoring, Sensing and Measurements 77 Chapter 4 Comparative Analysis of Three Digital Signal Processing Techniques for 2D Combination of Echographic Traces Obtained from Ultrasonic Transducers Located at Perpendicular Planes 79 Miguel A. Rodríguez-Hernández, Antonio Ramos and J. L. San Emeterio Chapter 5 In-Situ Supply-Noise Measurement in LSIs with Millivolt Accuracy and Nanosecond-Order Time Resolution 99 Yusuke Kanno Chapter 6 High-Precision Frequency Measurement Using Digital Signal Processing 115 Ya Liu, Xiao Hui Li and Wen Li Wang VI Contents Chapter 7 High-Speed VLSI Architecture Based on Massively Parallel Processor Arrays for Real-Time Remote Sensing Applications 133 A. Castillo Atoche, J. Estrada Lopez, P. Perez Muñoz and S. Soto Aguilar Chapter 8 A DSP Practical Application: Working on ECG Signal 153 Cristian Vidal Silva, Andrew Philominraj and Carolina del Río Chapter 9 Applications of the Orthogonal Matching Pursuit/ Nonlinear Least Squares Algorithm to Compressive Sensing Recovery 169 George C. Valley and T. Justin Shaw Part 3 DSP Filters 191 Chapter 10 Min-Max Design of FIR Digital Filters by Semidefinite Programming 193 Masaaki Nagahara Chapter 11 Complex Digital Filter Designs for Audio Processing in Doppler Ultrasound System 211 Baba Tatsuro Chapter 12 Most Efficient Digital Filter Structures: The Potential of Halfband Filters in Digital Signal Processing 237 Heinz G. Göckler Chapter 13 Applications of Interval-Based Simulations to the Analysis and Design of Digital LTI Systems 279 Juan A. López, Enrique Sedano, Luis Esteban, Gabriel Caffarena, Angel Fernández-Herrero and Carlos Carreras Part 4 DSP Algorithms and Discrete Transforms 297 Chapter 14 Digital Camera Identification Based on Original Images 299 Dmitry Rublev, Vladimir Fedorov and Oleg Makarevich Chapter 15 An Emotional Talking Head for a Humoristic Chatbot 319 Agnese Augello, Orazio Gambino, Vincenzo Cannella, Roberto Pirrone, Salvatore Gaglio and Giovanni Pilato Chapter 16 Study of the Reverse Converters for the Large Dynamic Range Four-Moduli Sets 337 Amir Sabbagh Molahosseini and Keivan Navi Chapter 17 Entropic Complexity Measured in Context Switching 351 Paul Pukite and Steven Bankes Contents VII Chapter 18 A Description of Experimental Design on the Basis of an Orthonormal System 365 Yoshifumi Ukita and Toshiyasu Matsushima Chapter 19 An Optimization of 16-Point Discrete Cosine Transform Implemented into a FPGA as a Design for a Spectral First Level Surface Detector Trigger in Extensive Air Shower Experiments 379 Zbigniew Szadkowski Preface It is a great honor and pleasure for me to introduce this book “Applications of Digital Signal Processing” being published by InTech. The field of digital signal processing is at the heart of communications, biomedicine, defense applications, and so on. The field has experienced an explosive growth from its origins, with huge advances both in fundamental research and applications. In this book the reader will find a collection of chapters authored/co-authored by a large number of experts around the world, covering the broad field of digital signal processing. I have no doubt that the book would be useful to graduate students, teachers, researchers, and engineers. Each chapter is self-contained and can be downloaded and read independently of the others. This book intends to provide highlights of the current research in the digital signal processing area, showing the recent advances in this field. This work is mainly destined to researchers in the digital signal processing related areas but it is also accessible to anyone with a scientific background desiring to have an up-to-date overview of this domain. These nineteenth chapters present methodological advances and recent applications of digital signal processing in various domains as telecommunications, array processing, medicine, astronomy, image and speech processing. Finally, I would like to thank all the authors for their scholarly contributions; without them this project could not be possible. I would like to thank also to the In-Tech staff for the confidence placed on me to edit this book, and especially to Ms. Danijela Duric, for her kind assistance throughout the editing process. On behalf of the authors and me, we hope readers enjoy this book and could benefit both novice and experts, providing a thorough understanding of several fields related to the digital signal processing and related areas. Dr. Christian Cuadrado-Laborde PhD, Department of Applied Physics and Electromagnetism, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain [...]... 3b) The complex signal   e   XC e jn XR j n occupies half of the real signal frequency band; its amplitude is the sum of the   amplitudes (Fig 3c) The spectrum of the complex conjugate  e   is depicted in Fig 3d and jX I e jn analytic signal X  C j n 8 Applications of Digital Signal Processing In the frequency domain the analytic complex signal, its complex conjugate signal, real and... Narrowband signals are of great use in telecommunications The determination of a signal s attributes, such as frequency, envelope, amplitude and phase are of great importance for signal processing e.g modulation, multiplexing, signal detection, frequency transformation, etc These attributes are easier to quantify for narrowband signals than for wideband signals (Fig 2) This makes narrowband signals much... Complex Digital Signal Processing in Telecommunications Zlatka Nikolova, Georgi Iliev, Miglen Ovtcharov and Vladimir Poulkov Technical University of Sofia Bulgaria 1 Introduction 1.1 Complex DSP versus real DSP Digital Signal Processing (DSP) is a vital tool for scientists and engineers, as it is of fundamental importance in many areas of engineering practice and scientific research The “alphabet” of DSP... understanding of how physical systems perform but to achieve this, we are faced with the necessity of dealing with extensive sophisticated mathematics For DSP professionals there comes a point at which they have no real choice since the study of complex number mathematics is the foundation of DSP 1.2 Complex representation of signals and systems All naturally-occurring signals are real; however in some signal processing. .. -0.4 0 -0.5 Real part Fig 1 Complex exponential signal x(n) and its real and imaginary components xR(n) and xI(n) for (a) 0=-0.085; (b) 0=0.085 and (c) 0=0 6 Applications of Digital Signal Processing The spectrum of a real discrete-time signal lies between –ωs/2 and ωs/2 (ωs is the sampling frequency in radians per sample), while the spectrum of a complex signal is twice as narrow and is located within... domain values of the discrete periodic signal, whereas the inverse (synthesis) equation computes the values in the time domain Table 1 Complex DFT transforms in rectangular form The time domain signal x(n) is a complex discrete periodic signal; only an N-point unique discrete sequence from this signal, situated in a single time-interval (0÷N, -N/2÷N/2, etc.) is 10 Applications of Digital Signal Processing. .. the complex representation of signals is very common, hence complex processing techniques are often necessary Adaptive complex filtering is examined in this chapter, since it is one of the most frequentlyused real-time processing techniques Adaptive complex selective structures are investigated, in order to demonstrate the high efficiency of adaptive complex digital signal processing The complex DSP... approximately equal to 0.1 14 Applications of Digital Signal Processing The very low sensitivity of the variable complex LS1 filter section ensures the general efficiency of the adaptation and a high tuning accuracy, even with severely quantized multiplier coefficients This approach can easily be extended to the adaptive complex filter bank synthesis in parallel complex signal processing In (Nikolova et... complex filter bank system Complex Digital Signal Processing in Telecommunications 15 The experiments are carried out with an input signal composed of three complex sinesignals of different frequencies, mixed with white noise Fig 10 displays learning curves for the coefficients1, 2 and 3 The ACFB shows the high efficacy of the parallel filtering process The main advantages of both the adaptive filter... techniques 16 Applications of Digital Signal Processing (Iliev et al, 2009) The multipath energy can be captured efficiently when the OFDM (Orthogonal Frequency-Division Multiplexing) technique is used to modulate the information in each sub-band Unlike more traditional OFDM systems, the MB-OFDM symbols are interleaved over different sub-bands across both time and frequency Multiple access of multi-band . introduce this book Applications of Digital Signal Processing being published by InTech. The field of digital signal processing is at the heart of communications, biomedicine, defense applications, . APPLICATIONS OF DIGITAL SIGNAL PROCESSING Edited by Christian Cuadrado-Laborde Applications of Digital Signal Processing Edited by Christian. Chapter 12 Most Efficient Digital Filter Structures: The Potential of Halfband Filters in Digital Signal Processing 237 Heinz G. Göckler Chapter 13 Applications of Interval-Based Simulations