SOYBEAN – GENETICS AND NOVEL TECHNIQUES FOR YIELD ENHANCEMENT Edited by Dora Krezhova Soybean – Genetics and Novel Techniques for Yield Enhancement Edited by Dora Krezhova Published by InTech Janeza Trdine 9, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia Copyright © 2011 InTech All chapters are Open Access distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 license, which permits to copy, distribute, transmit, and adapt the work in any medium, so long as the original work is properly cited. After this work has been published by InTech, authors have the right to republish it, in whole or part, in any publication of which they are the author, and to make other personal use of the work. Any republication, referencing or personal use of the work must explicitly identify the original source. 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Used under license from Shutterstock.com First published October, 2011 Printed in Croatia A free online edition of this book is available at www.intechopen.com Additional hard copies can be obtained from orders@intechweb.org Soybean – Genetics and Novel Techniques for Yield Enhancement, Edited by Dora Krezhova p. cm. ISBN 978-953-307-721-5 free online editions of InTech Books and Journals can be found at www.intechopen.com Contents Preface IX Part 1 Genetics and Breeding 1 Chapter 1 Genetic Diversity and Allele Mining in Soybean Germplasm 3 Reda Helmy Sammour Chapter 2 Importance of Seed [Fe] for Improved Agronomic Performance and Efficient Genotype Selection 17 John V. Wiersma Chapter 3 Positional Cloning of the Responsible Genes for Maturity Loci E1, E2 and E3 in Soybean 51 Kyuya Harada, Satoshi Watanabe, Xia Zhengjun, Yasutaka Tsubokura, Naoki Yamanaka and Toyoaki Anai Chapter 4 Changes in the Expression of Genes in Soybean Roots Infected by Nematodes 77 Benjamin F. Matthews, Heba M.M. Ibrahim and Vincent P. Klink Chapter 5 Phenotypic and Genotypic Variability in Cercospora kikuchii Isolates from Santa Fe Province, Argentina 97 María G. Latorre Rapela, Mauro A. Colombini, Ana M. González, Stella M. Vaira, Roxana Maumary, Mónica C. Mattio, Elena Carrera and María C. Lurá Chapter 6 Soybean Fatty Acid Desaturation Pathway: Responses to Temperature Changes and Pathogen Infection 113 Robert G. Upchurch Chapter 7 Genetically Modified Soybean in Animal Nutrition 129 Tudisco Raffaella, Calabrò Serena, Cutrignelli Monica Isabella, Piccolo Vincenzo and Infascelli Federico Chapter 8 Molecular Markers: Assisted Selection in Soybeans 155 Eduardo Antonio Gavioli VI Contents Chapter 9 Identification and Application of Phenotypic and Molecular Markers for Abiotic Stress Tolerance in Soybean 181 Berhanu Amsalu Fenta, Urte Schluter, Belen Marquez Garcia, Magdeleen DuPlessis, Christine H. Foyer and Karl J. Kunert Chapter 10 Identification and Confirmation of SSR Marker Tightly Linked to the Ti Locus in Soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] 201 Jongil Chung Part 2 Modern Techniques and Technologies 213 Chapter 11 Spectral Remote Sensing of the Responses of Soybean Plants to Environmental Stresses 215 Dora Krezhova Chapter 12 Polarization Sensitive Optical Imaging and Characterization of Soybean Using Stokes-Mueller Matrix Model 257 Shamaraz Firdous Chapter 13 Distant-Graft Mutagenesis Technology in Soybean 273 Pan Xiang-Wen, Cao Chang-Yi, Zhang Qiu-Ying, Li Yan-Hua, Wu Xiu-Hong, Wang Guo-Dong and Du Wei-Guang Chapter 14 Transformation of Soybean Oil to Various Self-Assembled Supramolecular Structures 281 Arumugam Gnanamani, Varadharajan Kavitha, Ganesan Sekaran and Asit Baran Mandal Chapter 15 Soybean: Plant Manipulation to Agrobacterium Mediated Transformation 297 Muhammad Zia Chapter 16 Salt-Tolerant Acid Proteases: Purification, Identification, Enzyme Characteristics, and Applications for Soybean Paste and Sauce Industry 311 Xiao Ting Fu and Sang Moo Kim Preface Soybean is one of the most important and valuable agricultural crops. Owing to its high nutritive value and versatility soybean offers resources to address world food issues through current and future utilization practices. Rapid increases of soybean demand in the last decade challenge the reliability of supply, stock levels, and reasonable pricing. Future soybean production is expected to increase steadily in proportion to increased demand. This book presents the importance of applying of novel genetics and breading technologies. The efficient genotype selections and gene transformations provide for generation of new and improved soybean cultivars, resistant to disease and environmental stresses. The book introduces also a few recent modern techniques and technologies for detection of plant stress and characterization of biomaterials as well as for processing of soybean food and oil products. The contributions are organized in two sections based on genetics researches and novel technical practices. Each of the sections covers a wide range of topics and the authors are from countries all over the world. This underlines the global significance of soybean research. I am certain that the book will provoke interest to many readers and researchers, who could find information useful for advancing their fields. Prof. Dora Krezhova Space and Solar-Terrestrial Research Institute at the Bulgarian Academy of Sciences Bulgaria [...]... 6 Soybean – Genetics and Novel Techniques for Yield Enhancement tolerate drought stress which is the major factor that limiting soybean yield The results showed substantial genetic diversity in the capacity for increased lateral root development (number and total length of roots produced) and in the responses of overall root and shoot growth under water deficit conditions The extent of between- and. .. China is the origin and main center of diversity of soybean are (1) the distribution of G soja in China is the most extensive in terms of the numbers and diversity of types; (2) China has the earliest written records of soybean cultivation, about 4500 years ago; (3) soybean has been found in unearthed artifacts; (4) 4 Soybean – Genetics and Novel Techniques for Yield Enhancement soybeans cultivated... M & Kraic, J (2003) Utilisation of SSRs for characterisation of the soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) genetic resources Czech J Genet Plant Breed., 39, 12 0–1 26 18 Soybean – Genetics and Novel Techniques for Yield Enhancement Hwang, T.Y., Nakamoto, Y., Kono, I., Enoki, H., Funatsuki, H., Kitamura, K., Ishimoto, M (2008) Genetic diversity of cultivated and wild soybeans including Japanese elite cultivars... Merr accessions included in the Czech national collection of soybean genotypes Czech J Genet Plant Breed, 38 , 6 9–7 4 Bennett, M D., Heslop-Harrison, J S., Smith, J B & Ward, J P (1983) DNA density in mitotic and meiotic metaphase chromosomes of plants and animals J Cell Sci., 63, 173-179 16 Soybean – Genetics and Novel Techniques for Yield Enhancement Bennett, M D & Leitch, I J (1995) Nuclear DNA amounts... more informative, stable and 8 Soybean – Genetics and Novel Techniques for Yield Enhancement reliable, compared to pedigree analysis and traditionally used morphological markers The genetic markers include RFLP, RAPD, SSR and AFLP markers were used to probe the genetic differences between wild and cultivated soybeans or for the origin and dissemination of soybeans (Brown-Guedira et al., 2000; Tian et al.,... genus Glycine Japanese Journal of Breeding, 34, 163-170 22 Soybean – Genetics and Novel Techniques for Yield Enhancement Yoon, M., Lee, J., Kim, C., Kang, J., Cho, E., Baek, H (2009) DNA profi ling and genetic diversity of Korean soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merrill) landraces by SSR markers Euphytica, 165,69-77 Young, H (2008) Plasticity of soybean (Glycine Max (L.) Merrill) root development under mild... efficient procedure for comparison of cultivars because it requires relatively less labor However, visual estimates of chlorosis when only the first trifoliolate leaf is fully 24 Soybean – Genetics and Novel Techniques for Yield Enhancement developed (Cianzio et al 1979) may be more a reflection of planting seed [Fe]1 than resistance to Fe deficiency (Ambler and Brown, 1974; Tiffin and Chaney, 1973;... in 20 soybean (Glycine max L Merrill) genotypes They concluded that principal component scores based on elliptic Fourier descriptors yield seemed to be useful in quantitative parameters not only for evaluating soybean pod shape in a soybean breeding program but also for describing pod shape for evaluating soybean germplasm The genetic diversity was evaluated for genotypes of soybean based on the yield- related... wild perennial Glycine species and crosses for resistance to Phakopsora, In: Proceedings of the Soybean Rust Workshop, J.B Sinclair & G.L.Hartman, 3 3–3 7, Urbana, IL, USA: National Soybean Rsearch Laboratory Hymowitz, T (1970) On the domestication of the soybeans Economic Botany 23, 40 8–4 21 Hymowitz, T (2004) Speciation and Cytogenetics, In Soybeans: improvement, production, and uses, H R Boerma & J E Specht,... Wang, L Z (1996) Study on genetic diversity of Glycine sojaisozyme variation in four populations (China) Soybean Sci., 15, 302-309 Pham Thi Be Tu., Nguyen Thi Lang & Bui Chi Buu (2003) Soybean genetic diversity analysis Omonrice, 11, 138-142 20 Soybean – Genetics and Novel Techniques for Yield Enhancement Rayburn, A L (1990) Genome size variation in southwestern Indian maize adapted to various altitudes . SOYBEAN – GENETICS AND NOVEL TECHNIQUES FOR YIELD ENHANCEMENT Edited by Dora Krezhova Soybean – Genetics and Novel Techniques for Yield Enhancement Edited. records of soybean cultivation, about 4500 years ago; (3) soybean has been found in unearthed artifacts; (4) Soybean – Genetics and Novel Techniques for Yield Enhancement 4 soybeans cultivated. orders@intechweb.org Soybean – Genetics and Novel Techniques for Yield Enhancement, Edited by Dora Krezhova p. cm. ISBN 978-953-307-721-5 free online editions of InTech Books and Journals can