project product subject english grammar determiners in english and vietnamese

Common types of determiners are:- Article: a/an/the- Specifying determiners: this/that/these/those- Possessive determiners: My/his/her/our,….- Phrases indicating quantity in English what

VINH UNIVERSITYFOREIGN LANGUAGES DEPARTMEN

PROJECT PRODUCT SUBJECT:

ENGLISH GRAMMAR

DETERMINERS IN ENGLISH AND VIETNAMESE

Instructor: Master Dinh Thi Mai AnhClass 26 - Group 5

VINH, NĂM 2022

OUTLINEI THEORETICAL BACKGROUND

1 Definition

1.1 Definition of determiners in English.1.2 Definition of determiners in Vietnamese.

2 Types of determiners3 Structure & Usage

3.1 Structure of determiners in English.3.2 Usage of determiners in English.

4 Data collection

II DISCUSSIONS AND FINDINGS

II.1 Similarities

II.1.1 In EnglishII.1.2 In Vietnamese

II.2 Differences

II.2.1 In EnglishII.2.2 In Vietnamese

III COMMON MISTAKES ENCOUNTERED BY VIETNAMESE LEANERS WHEN USING ENGLISH DETERMINERS

IV CONCLUSION

V.1 SuggestionV.2 Conclusion

I THEORETICAL BACKGROUND 1 Definition

1.1 Definition of determiners in English

In fact, the concept of determiner is not too sublime at all It is even the first basic knowledge that each of us learns about English.

Determiner, also known as determiner (or specifying word) are words that often appear before a definite noun to indicate a specific event, thing or person Its effect is to clarify the meaning of the following noun phrase or noun Therefore, it cannot stand alone, but must be followed by a noun (noun phrase).

Common types of determiners are:- Article: a/an/the

- Specifying determiners: this/that/these/those- Possessive determiners: My/his/her/our,….

- Phrases indicating quantity in English (what are quantifiers): all, most, many, several, every, much, no, any,….

- Number of words: one, two, first, second,….- Interrogative determiners: which, whose, what,….- Determiners of difference: other, another, the other

1.2 Definition of determiners in Vietnamese.

Các từ hạn định hay chỉ định từ là những từ thường được đặt trước các danh từ xác định để chỉ một người/sự việc/sự vật cụ thể hoặc đặc biệt mà bạn đang đề cập đến.

Từ hạn định (DETERMINERS) là từ đứng trước một danh từ hoặc một cụm danh từ và trước một tính từ Do đó mà từ hạn định không thể đứng một mình mà phải có một danhtừ hoặc một cụm danh từ theo sau.

Beside, we have created a table of all the determiners:

Quantifiers [all, etc ]Multipliers [both, twice, double, etc ]

Fractions [half, one-third,etc ]

Intensifiers [what, such, etc ]

Articles [a, an, the]

Demonstratives [this, that, etc ]Possessives [my, him, her, etc ]Assertive/Nonassertive [some, etc ]

Negative [no]Universal [each, etc ]Nonassertive dual [either]Negative dual [neither]Wh-determiners [which, etc ]

Cardinal numerals [two, etc ]

Ordinal numerals [first, etc ]

General ordinals [next, etc ]

Quantifiers [many, few, several, little, etc ]

3 Structure & Usage

3.1 Structure of determiners in English

Determiners include two main groups.

3.1.1 Group A includes articles, possessive adjectives and demonstrative pronouns

This group of words helps determine if the noun in question is already known to the listener/speaker, what person/thing the speaker is referring to, and whether the speaker isreferring to the person/thing general or specific… This group includes three main types of determiners:

- Articles: a/an, the

- Possessives: my, his, their, its, our, her, one’s, whose…- Demonstratives: this, that, those, these

We can’t put two determiners in the same group A together

For example: We can say my mother, but we can’t say the my mother.

To use both possessive adjectives with a/an or with demonstrative pronouns, we mustuse the structure a/this… of mine/yours…

Eg: She’s a cousin of mine.DON'T USE: She's a my cousin.

Nouns with the possessive ('s) can be used as determiners, for example: NgheAn's weather.

3.1.2 Group B includes quantifiers, question words…

Most words in group B are quantifiers: words that indicate the quantity of the person/thing we are talking about.

Common words in group B are: some, any, no, each, every, either, neither, much, many, more, most, (a) little, less, least, (a) few, few, fewest, enough , several, all, both, half, what, whatever, which, appropriate

Some words in group B are used with singular nouns (like each), some with plural nouns (like many), some with uncountable nouns (like much) and some can go with

variety of nouns (like which).

We can put 2 words that belong to group B together, as long as it makes sense.

Eg: We meet every few days

a When group A + group B:

Group B words can come directly before nouns without ofEg: Have you got any salt?

DON'T USE: Have you got any of salt?

But if we want to use a word from group B before a noun that already has a word in

group A, we must use of.Eg: some of the people

A determiner of group B + of can come directly before a noun without the need for a group A word in some cases, such as when the noun is a proper name for a place, or an uncountable noun refer to an entire field or activity.

Eg: Most of Wales was without electricity last night.

b Group B + of + pronoun

Group B determiners can be used with of when before pronouns.Eg: Most of you

c No and none, every and every one

No and every are usually not used before of, instead we use none and every one Eg:

- no friends- none of my friends

d All (of), both (of), half (of)

We can omit of after all, both, and half when preceded by nouns (but not of when all, both, and half come before pronouns).

Eg: All (of) his ideas

Note that when each, every, either, and neither come directly before a noun without of, the noun must be singular.

Eg: each tree

Eg: My other brothers

Other and such can come after words in group B.Eg: Many other problems

g The cases where the determiner does not have a noun after

Nouns after determiners are often omitted when the meaning of the sentence is clear.Eg: Do you know SonTung’song? ~ I haven't heard any

Determiners are also sometimes used alone without a noun when referring to people in general This case is often used in a formal style.

Eg: Many are called but few are chosen.

Possessive adjectives are changed to possessive pronouns when nouns such as mine, yours, hers, ours, theirs are omitted.

Eg: That's my hat

II Discussions and findings II.1 Similarities

In English and Vietnamese both are preceded by a noun or a noun phrase and before an adjective, cannot stand alone but must be followed by a noun or noun phrase.Eg: - In English: an apple, a girl, the teacher

- In Vietnamese: một quả táo, một cô bé, một giáo viên

II.2 Differences

II.2.1 In English

Quantitative determiners [Quantitative determiners] are used to indicate the amount or quantity of something We use different determiners with countable and uncountable nouns:

* With countable nouns [countable nouns], we can use determiners like: (a) few, both and many…

* With uncountable nouns [uncountable nouns] we can use determiners like: (a) little, some and much…

Eg: - Countable noun: "Can you buy a few coffees at the café?" = Coffee refers to the

cup of coffee.

- Uncountable nouns: "Can you buy some coffee at the supermarket?" = When it comes to coffee, it's powdered coffee.

II.2.2 In Vietnamese

A determiner is unaffected by the noun that follows it, both singular and plural.

III COMMON MISTAKES ENCOUNTERED BY VIETNAMESE LEARNERS WHEN USING ENGLISH DETERMINERS

III.1 Common mistakes made by students.

- Not spending enough time learning English, especially determiners- Confused article a/an due to spelling error

We know that "a" goes with nouns whose phonetics starts with a vowel It should be noted that we consider transliteration, not spelling because we don't understand how to use it

Ex: The word “umbrella” is pronounced / m brel.ə/ Because it starts with / / sound, ʌ ˈ ʌlearners will have to use the article "an" but not "a".

In contrast, the word “university” is pronounced / ju n v sə.ti/ Because it starts with ˌ ː ɪˈ ɜːthe sound /j/, even though it also starts with the letter "u" - a vowel, learners still have touse the article "a" rather than "an".

- One less-checked error in the exam is the mistake between choosing a definite or an indefinite article:

“a/an” or “the”?Remember the cluster:

+ With defined nouns, the speaker and listener both know that the word refers to a person, thing, or event

In particular, we use the definite article “the”.

+ The new case mentions that person, thing, or event for the first time in a sentence or conversation and is unknown

For specific objects, we use a/an.

- For demonstrative adjectives, writers often confuse the usage between "this" and "these", "that" and "those"(1), as well as using these 4 types of indicative words for uncountable nouns (2).

This (near, singular) -These (near, plural)That (far, singular) - Those (far, plural)

Ex: (1) This people are becoming more health-conscious these days.=> These people are becoming more health-conscious these days.

(2) This information is incorrect.=> This piece of information is incorrect.

- In fact, English grammar knowledge about possessive determiners is also very simple, so there are very few grammatical errors when using them However, misspellings are an extremely common mistake Spelling mistakes are often caused by misspelled words that have similar sound pronunciations Such as:

+ Error in writing between “It’s” and “Its”

Ex: The dog has just had it’s dinner.

+ The confusion between "Your" and "You're"Ex: This house was built by you’re your grandfather+ Don't confuse "there", "they're" and "their."

Ex: The students made there teacher angry The students made they’re teacher angry

⇒ The students made their teacher angry

+ Confusion between the usage of "Whose" and "Who's".Ex: She’s a woman who’s opinion I respect

+ Do not use the spelling “his/her”

Ex: Each owner is responsible for his/her pet⇒ Each owner is responsible for their pet

III.2 Survey to check students’ common mistakes about determiners.

- Mistake 1: confusion between “This” “That” and “those” “ these”- percentage of wrong answer: 15,4% (2/13)

This (near, singular) -These (near, plural)That (far, singular) - Those (far, plural)

- Mistake 2: Confusion between usages of "a/an" and “the”

-percentage of wrong answer: 69% (9/13)

Choose A because it is a singular countable noun, mentioned for the second time If the majority chooses B or C, it is wrong because B is used before a vowel and choosing An will be an error of not understanding the rules when considering vowels or consonants For C, the ordinary is already defined, reminding you that you do not understand how to choose a definite article or an indefinite article.

- Mistake 3: Easily confused by the apostrophe “ ‘ “- percentage of wrong answer: 69,2% ( 9/13)

The phrase "It's" is not a possessive adjective, nor is it related to a possessive adjective It stands for “it is” or “it has”, which is 100% down to the spelling If you use It's the same as Its, that's wrong This mistake is easily formed, because in English grammar, the apostrophe ”

- Mistake 4: Error in the usage of the article - percentage of wrong answer: 53,9% ( 7/13)

In the case of general comments, such as referring to ALL of something (in the above example, an entire apple), learners should not use the article "the" (applies to plural nouns) countable or uncountable This only applies to the article "the" With the article “a” or “an”, it does not apply to the above sentence because “apples” is a plural noun.

-Mistake 5: Wrong semantics

- percentage of wrong answer: 47,5% (5/13)

according to the question it is wrong to use all of and many does not go with “of

-Mistake 6: Confusion between the usage of "Whose" and "Who's".

- percentage of wrong answer: 54.8% (7/13)

“Who’s” stands for “Who is” according to the spelling rules.

Like "Its" and "It's", the word "Who's" is mistakenly used as "Whose" because people misunderstand how to write possession with apostrophes Actually, apostrophes indicatepossession not with "Who".s

Comment of group: According to the previous plan, our group created a small test about determiners and sent it to the students to check Through the results received, we found that there are still quite a few of you who are still confused when using determiners, mainly about quantifiers and articles.

IV CONCLUSION V.1 Suggestion

- Listening to English music:

Everyone loves music However, to learn English, you have to stick to English songs Find yourself a taste in music and songs that you love Because only enjoyment makes you can listen to it anytime, anywhere, in the car, when walking in the shopping mall, etc You can find countless English songs online, or on English radio stations online.- Watching English videos related to your interests:

Watching English videos on Youtube is a good way to learn English to communicate, help you familiarize yourself with conversational English, and to increase your listening comprehension Especially talk shows, news interviews, review programs about your favorite field, etc…

- Watching movies and TV shows with English subtitles:

Watching movies and TV shows in English also improves the way you speak and understand the language Because you can hear a lot of people talking to each other in the latest styles of English This will help you learn commonly used terms, slang, idioms, and phrases, helping you to expand your English vocabulary.

- Chatting online with friends in English:

Chatting with friends online is a fun way to self-study English It is different from talking to a teacher or a colleague because with friends you will feel more comfortable and using the language will also become easier for you.

Just join English learning groups online, get to know and chat with people who have the same goals as you, or even make friends with a native and chat with them on Facebook Messenger, Twitter Tweets, or even Skype calls, you've been practicing what you've learned in a simple, stress-free way.

- Practice more by doing exercises

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