[...]... systems considered in this revised and extended edition are those that show a highly nonlinear response to small changes in the microenvironment Most applications of smart polymers in biotechnology and medicine include biorecognition or biocatalysis, which take place principally in aqueous solutions Thus only water-compatible smart polymers are considered, and the smart polymers in organic solvents... of the smart (both temperature- and ionic-sensitive) polymers that are the most pertinent in biotechnological protocols as phase-forming and precipitation agents, as ligand carriers, and as charged additives The comprehensive information on distinct smart polymers and their properties is available in a number of original papers and remarkable reviews (see, for instance, the previous and current editions... in a compact globular state, in a random coil state, and in a rigid rodlike state are 1 to 2 nm, 8 to 10 nm, and 100 to 150 nm, respectively Those figures demonstrate the potential of light scattering for studying the conformational 9161_C001.fm Page 16 Friday, June 8, 2007 7:36 PM 16 Smart Polymers: Applications in Biotechnology and Biomedicine changes of macromolecules (polymers and biopolymers) in. .. coefficients, the values of which depend on the binary and ternary interactions, respectively 9161_C001.fm Page 12 Friday, June 8, 2007 7:36 PM 12 Smart Polymers: Applications in Biotechnology and Biomedicine Substituting Equations 1.6 and 1.5 into Equation 1.4 and defining the absolute scattering intensity, Rθ, as Rθ = IV I0r 2 (1.7) one can easily obtain 1 + 2 A c + 3 A c 2 + ⋅⋅⋅ 2 2 3 2 Kc2 M2 = P(q)... following general observations can be summarized: 1 Practically, not many polymers are smart. ” The most popular smart polymer is poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPA) and its combinations with other copolymers (acrylic acid, N-vinylimidazole, etc.) 9161_C001.fm Page 8 Friday, June 8, 2007 7:36 PM 8 Smart Polymers: Applications in Biotechnology and Biomedicine 2 Smart polymers for biotechnological applications. .. 8, 2007 7:36 PM 2 Smart Polymers: Applications in Biotechnology and Biomedicine 1.4.3 Interactions: Polymer–Solvent, Polymer–Polymer, Polymer–Protein 37 1.4.3.1 Smart- Polymer–Protein Conjugates .37 1.4.3.2 Smart Polymers Modified by Bioaffinity Ligands 39 1.4.4 Hydrogels, Microgels, and Nanogels 40 1.4.4.1 Drug Delivery Systems 41 1.4.4.2 Frozen Inhomogeneities and Dynamic Fluctuations... intact cell layers (cell sheets) can be collected in approximately 10 to 30 min after reducing temperature to 20 to 25°C The first edition of this book, which was published in 2002, was the first to cover the application of smart polymers in bioseparation and bioprocessing A lot has happened since then Reports on new smart polymer systems and original applications appear, literally, every week The smart ... transformations in systems containing proteins, enzymes, polymers, and other macromolecular components.17–20 In this chapter, after a brief introduction into the concepts of solubility phase transitions and the theory of light scattering, the works (including ours) on different applications of static (SLS) and dynamic light scattering (DLS) techniques in bioseparation and other biotechnological processes... Applications 23 1.3.3 Combining Static and Dynamic Light Scattering 25 1.3.3.1 Aggregates 26 1.3.3.2 Nonergodic Systems .29 1.4 Light Scattering Study on Phase Transitions, Conformational Transformations, and Interactions in Smart Polymer Solutions 31 1.4.1 Transition-Point Determination (Cloud Point) 31 1.4.2 Sizes, Shape, and Conformations of Smart Polymers in the Course of Phase... promising applications of smart polymers, namely drug release and microfluidics 9161_C000.fm Page xi Tuesday, June 19, 2007 10:35 AM The editors have done their best to collect, under one cover, chapters written by leading scientists involved in research on smart polymers and their applications This book is intended to summarize the state of the art and perhaps spark further development in this exciting . trademarks, and are used only for identification and explanation without intent to infringe. Library of Congress Cataloging -in- Publication Data Smart polymers : applications in biotechnology and biomedicine. imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group, an informa business Boca Raton London New York Edited by Igor Galaev Bo Mattiasson Second Edition SMART POLYMERS Applications in Biotechnology and Biomedicine . Chuang, and Alexander Yu. Grosberg 8 Smart Hydrogels 247 Kong Jilie and Mu Li 9 Macroporous Hydrogels from Smart Polymers 269 Oguz Okay 10 Smart Boronate-Containing Copolymers and