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Grammar & Vocabulary Booster BeTEACHER’S BOOK Jenny Dooley Bos Express Publishing Contents | Grammar: Tenses 8 Grammar: Wishes/Unreal past p 80 People Vocabulary: Environment p 84 Vocabulary: Phrasal verbs, prepositions, Phrasal verbs, prepositions, words often English in Use: words often confused (do, make) English in Use: confused (related to the environment, 2 Grammar: Key-word transformations, word lose/loose) Vocabulary: formation, open cloze text, 9 Grammar: Key-word transformations, word English in Use: multiple choice sentences p 16 formation, multiple choice cloze 3 Grammar: Vocabulary: Vocabulary: The infinitive/-ing form/ English in Use: text, multiple choice sentences participles (grammar/vocabulary) p 86 English in Use: 1 0 Grammar: 4 Grammar: Travel & tourism p 26 Vocabulary: Reported speech p 88 Phrasal verbs, prepositions, English in Use: Sports p 100 Vocabulary: words often confused (drive, ride, sail) English in Use: Key-word transformations, word REVIEW B Phrasal verbs, prepositions, words often 11> Grammar: confused (win, beat, earn, gain) 5 Grammar: formation, multiple choice cloze Key-word transformations, word text, word formation p 28 Vocabulary: formation, multiple choice sentences Vocabulary: English in Use: Modals p 30 English in Use: (word formation), multiple choice REVIEW A 1 2 Grammar: CIOZE TOXE cesssssessseeeernssesscceseseeeeteres p 102 6 Grammar: Food p 36 Vocabulary: Phrasal verbs, prepositions, Vocabulary: Nouns/Articles p 104 English in Use: words often confused (refuse/deny, English in Use: p 110 false/artificial, clean/clear) Education 7 Grammar: 1 3 Grammar: Phrasal verbs, prepositions Vocabulary: Key-word transformations, word Vocabulary: Key-word transformations, word formation, word formation text, English in Use: English in Use: open cloze texf p 38 formation, multiple choice cloze 14 Grammar: text, multiple choice sentences (vocabulary) Adjectives/Adverbs/ Vocabulary: Comparisons p 40 English in Use: Houses & homes 48 Phrasal verbs, prepositions, Clauses/Linking words Clothes & fashion p 128 words often confused (like, as) Phrasal verbs, prepositions, words often Koy-word transformations, word fo.mation, open cloze, multiple confused (/ose/miss, wear/put, try/take/ put/do/dress) chuÏce texf ii p 50 Key-word transformations, word The passive formation, multiple choice sentences Health (vocabulary), word formation text p 130 Phrasal verbs, prepositions, words often confused (feel, have, cut, break, hit, twist) Emphatic structures/Inversion p 132 Key-word transformations, word Work p 136 formation, multiple choice cloze Phrasal verbs, prepositions, text, Open cloze text p 60 words often confused (get, pay) Key-word transformations, Thi 11000 0011001)050100100271000101001010 07 p 62 word formation, multiple choice The causative .p 64 sentences (vocabulary), multiple choice cloze text p 138 The arts 68 Phrasal verbs, prepositions, Determiners/Pronouns words often confused (ways to see) Shops & services Key-word transformations, word Phrasal verbs, prepositions, formation, multiple choice cloze words often confused (match, suit, fit) text, multiple choice sentences Key-word transformations, (word formation) p 70 word formation, open cloze text, multiple choice sentences Conditionals p 72 (grammar & vocabulary) p 154 Geographical features, weather, 76 animals often Questions/Answers g p 162 Phrasal verbs, prepositions, words confused (related to weather) p 78 Technology Key-word transformations, word Phrasal verbs, prepositions, words often formation, multiple choice cloze confused (words related to technology) text, multiple choice sentences Key-word transformations, word (Word formation) formation, multiple choice cloze text, multiple choice sentences (grammar & vocabulary) REVIEW C Appendices Answer Section Grammar Present simple Present perfect e permanent situations or states action that started in the past and continues to the She works ina bank present © repeated/habitual actions (especially with frequency He has been here since May adverbs: often, usually, always, etc) He always goes to bed at 11 o¢lock (Here “always” recently completed actions | means every day.) She has dyed her hair black (The action is complete — her hair is now dyed black — evidence in the present) s general truths or laws of nature The sun rises in the east complete past actions connected to the present with stated or unstated time reference © reviews/sports commentaries/dramatic narrative He has bought a house (Now he owns a house.) He has just returned from Paris (stated time reference) Smythe serves the ball and Lanyon misses it e timetables/programmes (future reference) personal experiences/changes which have happened The train leaves at 8.00 | have lost weight recently © in exclamatory sentences emphasis on number There goes the bus! He has seen three films this week r She has had four cups of coffee since she woke up Time expressions Present perfect continuous every day/week/month/vear, usually, sometimes, always, rarely, never, often, in the morning/ actions that started in the past and continue to the evening/afternoon, at night, on Mondays, etc present She has been doing her homework for an hour (She Present continuous started an hour ago and she’s still doing it.) actions that have just finished with visible results or © actions happening at or around the moment of effects in the present speaking He has been running That's why he’s out of breath The sun is shining now to express anger, irritation, annoyance, explanation or He is studying for the exams criticism She has been using my laptop! (annoyance) e temporary situations to put emphasis on duration, usually with for, since or He is spending the week with his mother how long He has been feeling unwell for days e changing or developing situations 7 She is getting better and better at playing the piano Time expressions e frequently repeated actions with always, constantly, just, ever, never, already, yet (negations & continually, expressing annoyance or criticism questions), always, how long, so far, recently, since He's always getting into trouble (Here “always” means (= from a starting point in the past), for (= over constantly.) a period of time), today, this week/month, etc For and since are usually used with Present e fixed arrangements in the near future perfect continuous to emphasise the duration I'm going to the theatre this evening of an action _- “Time expressions now, at the moment, at present, nowadays, today, tonight, always, still, etc Adverbs of frequency (always, sometimes, usually, often, etc) go before the main verb, but after the verb to be have been to: have gone somewhere and come back „4 ! have gone to/been in: have gone somewhere, ⁄⁄ but not back yet Grammar ị Stative verbs _ Stative verbs express a permanent state rather than an action and are not used in the feel and hurt can be used in continuous forms These are: verbs of the senses used to express involuntary actions either continuous or simple (feel, hear, see, smell, taste, etc), verbs of feelings and emotions (adore, detest, dislike, forms enjoy, forgive, hate, like, etc), verbs of opinion (agree, believe, suppose, understand, etc) and ị She feels/is feeling better ! Look, watch and liste n _ other verbs (belong, concern, depend, know, mean, own, possess, need, prefer, want, etc) : express deliberate actions I see someone coming She hates pop music | don’t agree with you He knows a lot about : and can be used in | computers : continuous forms | Some stative verbs (be, love, see, smell, taste, think, etc) have continuous forms, but ! He is listening to some records | there is a difference in meaning State Action | see them coming towards us (=| have the ability) She’s seeing her doctor today (= she’s visiting) These flowers smell nice (= they have a nice Why are you smelling the food? Has it gone off? smell) (= why are you checking the smell of) This soup tastes delicious (= its flavour is good) She’s tasting the soup (= she's testing the flavour) It feels like velvet (= it has the texture of) He’s feeling the cloth (= he’s touching the cloth) He has a house (= he possesses) We're having a nice time (= we're enjoying ourselves) Do you like his new car? (= Is it nice?) ° How are they liking the party? (= are they enjoying) | think he has left (= | suppose, | believe) ° 'm thinking about his suggestion (= I'm considering) | Ann is polite (= her character is) ° Tom is being very impolite (= he is behaving impolitely) „ ⁄ It looks as if it’s going to snow (= it appears) ° They are looking at the statue (= they're viewing it)” † Put the verbs in brackets into the Present simple or Choose the correct option the Present continuous We have been walking/have walked since 3:00 TAs | see (see) there's a great film on at the cinema How long has she spoken/has she tonight Would you like to go? been speaking to that customer? B: No,| _am seeing _ (see) the dentist about my toothache Paul has bought/has been buying 2A Are you thinking (you/think) about going on a picnic this three shirts afternoon? They haven't explored/haven't been Not really | think (think) | need to study exploring the market all day Is John OK? He looks (look) very red in the face Have you been knowing/Have you Yes, | know.! _am looking _ (look) for the doctor's telephone known Alex since you started school? number now How _afe you liking _ (you/like) your stay in Budapest? | am really_ enjoying (enjoy) myself | Fill in has/have been to/in, has/have particularly like (like) the Hungarian food Why _are you tasting (you/taste) the stew? gone to | think you need (need) to add some spices; Bertha’s not here She _has gone to the library it tastes (taste) a bit bland to Madrid, but | only Why _are you feeling _ (you/feel) the radiator, Dad? |_‘ve been a => œ>œ> => spent a few days there “How long _have_ you ¡ dontthink _ (not/think) it’s working; it feels _been in (feel) very cold in here Birmingham?”"For nearly two years." Tom is (be) usuala lveyry quiet boy Tom is alone because his parents Yes, but he is being (be) very noisy today have gone to_ the seaside Do you have (you/have) a car? Julia has gone to_ the supermarket - Yes,butl am having _ (have) some problems with it, so it’s at the garage she'll be back in about an hour No} Why _are you smelling (you/smell) the roses? They always _smell (smell) so wonderful at this time of year Grammar 4 Put the verbs in brackets into the correct present 6 Choose the correct option tenses 1 James _ to my email yet Maybe he's on holiday A doesn't reply B_ isn't replying New message CTY ONS Hi John, © hasn't replied First of all, sorry | 1) _ haven written _ (notwrite) for so 2 Mike always up early on weekdays long, but | was on holiday 2) Have you got_ (you/get) @ gets your exam results yet? I'm sure you 3) have passed B_ is getting Chas got (pass) them all since you always 4) study 3 Your Fre _n allcthehtime, Sally (study) so hard 15) am_waiting (wait) for mine at A_ improves is improving the moment, and | 6) am trying (try) not to C_ has improved worry! Well, | 7) am writing (write) from my new 4 | _acake; that’s why the kitchen is such a mess A make B_ making flat Yes, 18) have moved _ (move) house! Now, we © have been making 9) arepainting _ (paint) and 10) _ (are) cleaning (clean) the place to make it look nice When it's finished, | 5 The plane _ at 9:30 tomorrow morning want to have aparty and, because! 11) haven't seen (not/see) you for weeks, | 12) want (want) @® arrives Bis arriving Chas arrived you to come Write soon and let me know if I'll see you 6 Alicefo_r_a_job at the moment A_ looks is looking C_ has looked there Talk soon, 7 This soup _ delicious What did you put in it? @ smells B_ is smelling Chas smelt Mary Atos save Canee 8 Their baby to walk A just starts has just started C_ has just been starting 5 Put the verbs in brackets into the correct present 9 We _ a party next Saturday Would you like to tenses come? A have are having C_ have had 1 Alan is flying (fly) to Barcelona tonight He has already packed_ (already/pack) his suitcase, 10 | _ for an hour and the bus still hasn't come A am waiting B_ have waited but he hasn't called (not/call) a taxi yet His plane leaves (leave) at 8 pm © have been waiting 2 Annand Sally are (be) flatmates 11 | _ this film three times already They sometimes argue (argue) A see B amseeing have seen because Sally _is always making _ (always/make) a mess in the kitchen 12 Melanie _ at her father’s shop every day this week A works is working Chas worked 3 “Look over there! It’s John Cooper.” “Oh yes! But he looks (look) so different! He has put on (put on) at least 13 I can't get in the house.| my keys A lose B am losing © have lost 15 kilos, and | think (think) he is wearing (wear) a police uniform 14 There_ Luke on his new bicyclel @) goes B_ is going C has gone 4 Ever since the accident, Susan has been (be) afraid to drive Next week, she 15 | _ the book you lent me I'm really enjoying it A_ read B_ have read is seeing (see) a psychologist who © have been reading specialises (specialise) in that sort of problem 16 _ you ever been to Lyon? 5 “What a great match! Johnson passes (pass) the ball to Green, who shoots A Do B Are © Have (shoot) and scores (score)!” 6 “What on earth have you been doing/have you done (you/do)? Your clothes are all dirty!” “Well, | ‘ve been working _ (work) in the garden all day Look! | ‘ve already planted_ (already/plant) a lot of flowers.| _ am planning (plan) to cut the grass now.’ Grammar Past simple e action in progress at a stated past time This time last week | was travelling across Africa | © complete action or event which happened at a stated past time e past action in progress interrupted by another past She sold her car last week ("When?”'Last week.’ — action The longer action is in the Past continuous, stated past time) the shorter action is in the Past simple was taking a shower when | heard the telephone ring @ past actions which happened one immediately after the other © two or more simultaneous past actions in progress She woke up, got out of bed and made a cup of tea | was washing up while he was drying the dishes _ © past habit or state © background description to events in a story/narration — He rode his bike to school every day as a child The sun was shining and the birds were singing | © complete past actions not connected to the present r | with a stated or implied time reference Shakespeare wrote at least 36 plays (Shakespeare is c Time expressions dead — he won't write any more.) while, as, the moment that, etc Z Time expressions Past perfect continuous yesterday, last week, etc, (how long) ago, then, just now, when, in 2021, etc ® action continuing over a period up to a specific time in the past ® past action which happened before another action She had been saving fora whole year before she or before a stated past time bought her ticket to Australia By his second day at camp he had made several friends ® past action of certain duration which had visible © complete past action which had visible results in the results in the past past He had been shouting so loudly that he had a sore She felt much safer after she had locked all the doors throat Z Time expressions for, since, before, etc Time expressions for, since, already, after, just, never, yet, before, by, by the time, etc 7 Choose the correct option 8 Put the verbs in brackets into the correct past Last year, Tom and Fiona 1) decided/were deciding to forms buy a house They 2) had saved up/had been saving up for ages, and by the end of May, they 3) put by/had put Last summer,we 1) _afranged_ (arrange) to go camping by enough for the deposit on a house They 4) lived/were We 2) _ had been looking _ (look) forward to it for weeks living in a tiny flat at the time They 5) had searched/ when finally the date of departure 3) artived _ (arrive) had been searching for only a few days when they We 4) loaded (load) the car with our luggage found exactly what they 6) were looking/had looked for — a two-bedroomed house with nearly an acre of garden and 5) set off (set off) early in the morning Unfortunately, the owner 7) was asking/had been The sun 6) Wwas shining (shine) brightly There asking much more than they could afford, and when they 7) wasn't (not/be) a cloud in the sky! While we 8) looked/had looked more closely at the interior, they 8) were travelling (travel) along the motorway, we 9) saw/had seen that whoever 10) was living/had been 9) noticed (notice) that the car 10) _m_ waasking_ living there before 11) made/had made an absolute (make) a strange noise Pete 11) Stopped (stop) mess of the walls and floors Still, Fiona 12) liked/was thecor,12)_ goloul (getouf)and13) weniÐ liking the location of the house and convinced Tom that, (go) round to the back ofit To his surprise, the boot was despite the price, it was the perfect house for them wide open - whoever 14) hadloaded (logd) the luggage 15) hadn't closed _ (not/close) it properly, and everything 16) had fallen out (fall out)! / Grammar [ Past simple | Present perfect He left a minute ago (stated time - When? A minute ago.) He has left (unstated time; we don’t know when he She was in Rome for two months (she isn’t in Rome left) any more — action not connected to the present) She has been in Rome for two months (she's still in He went to the cinema five times last month (action Rome — action connected to the present) not connected to the present — it’s the following He's been to the cinema five times this month month now) (it’s still the same month — action connected to the | saw Sir Lawrence Olivier (action not connected to present) the present — he’s dead) I've seen Matt Dillon (action connected to the She announced her decision this morning (giving, present — he’s still alive) details of the news — stated time in the past) ⁄⁄< The King has decided to give up the throne (announcing news) Put the verbs in brackets into the Present perfect or the Past simple A: |s Paul there, please? 6 A: 1)_Have you ever tasted _(you/ever/taste) sushi? B: Sorry, he 1) left (leave) about B: Yes|,2) have eaten (eat) sushiat least 10 minutes ago | think he five times | 3) tried (try) it for 2) has gone (go) to the library the first time on my dad's 50th birthday He A: 11) have lived (live) in Lisbon 4) invited (invite) the whole family to a Japanese restaurant for two years now lived A: Hi, Carol! How are you? B: Really? What a coincidence! | 2) (live) there for a year before moving to America B: Great, thanks.We1) _ have justcome _(just/ A: 11) bumped (bump) into Peter at the come) back from Spain We 2) stayed (stay) in Barcelona for two weeks, supermarket last week A: Oh,13) have never been (never/be) to Spain, B: Oh, really! | 2) haven't seen (not/see) but I'd love to go.4) Did you have (you/ him since last summer How is he? A; 1) Have you written (you/write) to Becky? have) a good time? B: Ye| hsave, | 2) wrote (writa elo)ng was letter yesterday, but | 3) _ haven't posted B: Yes, we did The weather 5) spent (be) fantastic and we 6) (spend) every day on the beach (not/post) it yet _hasdecided _ (decide) to A: Lucky you! A: The chairman 1) retire B: Yes, actually he 2) informed (inform) the managing director of his decision this morning used OM LIT MIL Ren TM RL TEC would expresses past repeated actions and | routines — not states used to expresses past habits and permanent states When I was a child, | would go to the cinema every (Note that stative verbs are not used with “would’) Sunday, (als| uose:d to go /1 went ) When I was young, | used to go climbing once a month was going to expresses actions one intended to do, f j (also: would go) He used to live in Paris (NOT: would — but didn't do ⁄ state) He was going to buya house in New York, ⁄ be/get used to (+ -ing form/noun/pronoun) means but then he decided to move to Los Angeles ⁄⁄ "be/get accustomed to’, “be/get in the habit of” She got used to living in London Grammar 10 Complete the sentences using the words in bold 11 Put the verbs in brackets into the appropriate Use two to five words past tenses 1 Sally went to ballet classes three times a week Last Friday, | was walking (walk) to work GO Sally used to go to when | saw (see) an old friend ballet classes three times a week | hadn't seen (not/see) for a long time | threw (throw) my arms around him 2 It was my intention to phone you last night, but | He stared (stare) at me with an open forgot GOING | was going to phone mouth To my horror,| _fealised (realise) | had mistaken (mistake) a stranger for my friend! you last night, but | forgot By the time Paul and Thomas got back to their car, it 3 Lying on the beach all day is an unusual experience had got (get) dark and a cold wind for me USED | am not used to lying was blowing (blow) in their faces They had been walking (walk) for more than three hours on the beach all day and they felt exhausted It had all begun when they 4 When | was young, | used to visit my grandmother went (go) hiking in the forest every day after school WOULD When|was young, _! would visit - Everything was going (go) well until it started (start) to rain heavily my grandmother every day Unfortunately, they had lost their map as they after school were crossing _ (cross) a river, but after a couple 5 Tom didn't like the idea of living in a village, but soon of hours they finally found (find) their he changed his mind GOT Tom got used to living way back They were (be) glad to get in the car and drive home ina village i HÀ yet is used with perfect tenses in negative sentences after a contracted auxiliary verb or at the end of the -.®_ go: backin time from now (used with Past simple) sentence Ann left an hour ago He hasn't yet called He hasn't called yet It can also be used at the end of questions | © before: back in time from then Have they arrived yet? | Tony told me that Ann had left an hour before already is used with perfect tenses in mid or end position in statements or questions before is also used with present or past forms to He had already fixed the tap when the plumber arrived show that an action preceded another Have you got dressed already? He'll arrive before you leave He had cooked dinner just + present/past perfect before she came home She has just finished studying ° stillis used in statements and questions after the just now + past simple auxiliary verb or before the main verb She finished studying just now She can still dance well still comes before the auxiliary verb in negations She still hasn't replied to my letter {2 Choose the correct option na | can't believe I've been here nearly a year yet/already | haven't finished the washing-up already/yet I'm afraid the plumber hasn't arrived still/yet | don't think I've ever met her yet/before 10 He can still/already speak and he's only one year old He's still/yet got a good memory despite his age | used to live here six years before/ago 11 He has just/still left the house He's lived in Rome all his life and he yet/still lives there I've before/already read this book It’s really good 12 Clean up that mess already/before your father sees it The last time | fed the goldfish was two days before/ 13 We still/yet haven't called Jasmine to see how she is 14 He came in already/just now ago Grammar || e@ decisions taken at the moment of speaking Note: by or not until/till are used with the Future (on-the-spot decisions) perfect Until/till are normally used with the Future Im hungry I'll cook something to eat perfect only in negative sentences hopes, fears, threats, offers, promises, warnings, He will have completed his studies by the end of the predictions, requests, comments, etc with: expect, year (NOT: Asati) He won't have arrived until tonight hope, believe, Im sure, I'm afraid, probably | promise I'll be on time ie Time expressions | predictions based on what we think He'll probably pass his driving test = before, by, by then, by the time, until/till actions which will inevitably happen Summer will be here soon Future perfect continuous planned actions or intentions duration of an action that started in the past and will Now that she’s passed her exams, she’s going to train continue up to a certain time in the future to bea solicitor By May, he will have been teaching for 35 years evidence that something will definitely happen in cr the near future Those dark clouds mean it’s going to rain soon Time expressions by for “a Time expressions Present simple (future meaning) timetables/programmes The play begins at 7 œclock this evening tomorrow, tonight, next week/month, in two/three, Present continuous (future meaning) etc days, the day after tomorrow, soon, in a week/ fixed arrangement in the near future month, etc She’s meeting her aunt this weekend actions in progress at a stated future time We can also use these expressions to refer to the This time next year, she'll be running her own business future: be on the verge of , be about to , be on the actions which are the result of a routine (instead of point of , be due to the Present continuous) ‘ll be playing tennis on Sunday (| play tennis every We never use future forms after: as long as, as soon Sunday - it’s part of my routine.) as, after, before, by the time, if (conditional), unless, in when we ask politely about people's arrangements case, until/till, when (time conjunction), whenever, Ỉ to see if they can do sth for us or because we want to offer to do sth for them while, once, suppose/supposing, on condition that, etc Will you be going shopping at the supermarket today? Let’s buy some extra food in case they call round Can you buy me some milk? (NOT: +casethey+ilLcalrodnd) IẾ tuuuie perfect when used as a question word and if meaning actions that will be finished before a stated future “whether” (especially after / don't know, | doubt, | time wonder, etc) can be used with future forms They will have emigrated to Canada by Christmas When will he bring the books back? We don't know if actions which will have lasted up to a point in the he will be appointed to the post or not (= whether) future He will have worked for us for two years next May 10