ĐỀ THI KẾT THÚC HỌC PHẦN MÔN LÝ THUYẾT DỊCH

TỔNG HỢP ĐỀ CƯƠNG ĐỀ LÝ THUYẾT DỊCH Trường: Đại Học Ngoại Ngữ Đại học Đà Nẵng Đề thi kết thức học phần I. Decide whether each of the following statements is true or false, then make a tick (✔) in the appropriate box. (2 marks)

TỔNG HỢP ĐỀ CƯƠNG ĐỀ LÝ THUYẾT DỊCH

Trường: Đại Học Ngoại Ngữ- Đại học Đà NẵngĐề thi kết thức học phần

I Decide whether each of the following statements is true or false, then make a tick (✔) in the appropriate box (2 marks)

1 TL readership should be considered prior to translation 2 Textual equivalence means equivalence of form and shape 3 Sameness does exist between the SL text and the TL version 4 Adaptation is mainly applied to plays and poems.

5 A translation can be primarily semantic or primarily communicative 6 Intra-lingual translation is translation within the same language 7 Translation and interpretation involve ideas, not words.

8 Communicative translation and semantic translation are always separated methods.

9 Connotation is not important in doing translation.

10 Gain in translation results from enrichment or clarification of the source language text.

II Answer the following questions (3 marks)

1 Explain why “a good translator/interpreter has to be a veritable mine of information.”

2 What is a prerequisite for study in translation and interpretation?

3 What is consecutive translation?

4 Name the three laws of translation formulated by Tytler (1978).

5 What is denotative meaning?

6 Name two types of untranslatability

7 Name six principles of translation.

8 What does “interlingual translation” mean?

9 Give an example of cultural untranslatability and explain why.

10 What are the striking differences between the two methods of translation: semantic translation and communicative translation?

III Fill in each of the gaps in the following passage with ONE word (2 marks)

• A good translator/interpreter must not only be _ in the languages to be used but also be well-equipped with abundant _ _ of fields He or she must grasp the _ _ which formulated those ideas In addition, specific translative or interpretive _ are also required

• Translation implies carefully analyzing the message given within the of a particular linguistic code and transferring this message into another _ linguistic code Interpretation, on the other hand, means doing the _ _.

IV For each of the following translation procedures, give TWO similes in English plus their Vietnamese translational equivalents (1 mark)

Reproducing the same image in the target language

Replacing the image in the source language with a standard target language image

V Translate the following sentences into Vietnamese by using the semantic translation (ST) method and the communicative translation (CT) method respectively (2 marks)

1 There remained very little of their house after the horrifying tsunami.

1 Source language (SL) means the language of the text 2 Target language (TL) means the language of the _text.

3 Newmark’s definition of translation focuses on _ the meaning of the text,

4 As claimed by Tudor, there are two barriers concerning _and in the process of translation.

5 Sight translation differs from _translation in the speed of response 6 ……… translation is entirely based on the source language

7 Cabin translation is often used to stand for translation 8 Semantic translation includes a literal and _ translation

9 Communicative translation produces a more _ way of translation 10 Language is the ……… within the body of culture

11 An overlapping method of translation is the combination between _ and

16 Of the three words "slim, slender, skinny", the word "slender" has a more connotation 17 By retaining the image, the metaphoric expression of "ray of hope" can be rendered into Vietnamese as

21 The purpose of the translation is to transfer the structure of the SL into the TL 22 The process of translation, as claimed by Ian Tudor, involves dealing with 2 barriers

23 _ Translation is entirely based on the source language

24 The communicative translation of “Coi chừng! Cửa mới sơn” can be “

28 The rendering of the advertising slogan “Canada- The big country for big value holidays” into “Canada-

Miền đất lễ hội” is an example of……… in translation.

29 “ A man is known by the company he keeps” can be idiomatically rendered in to Vietnamese as

“ _ _”.

DỊCH ĐOẠN VĂN MÔN LÝ THUYẾT DỊCH

PART B:Trang 13:

We all want success We want to be successful and feel successful We chase money, fame, power, education, relationships and a thousand other things without ever stopping to ask one essential question: What, actually, is success?

Few people pause to consider what it truly means to achieve success in their own lives As Jim Rohn said, "If you don't design your own life plan, chances are you'll fall into someone else's plan And guess what they have planned for you? Not much."

Trang 17:

Before we can pursue success, we need to understand what success isn't If you spend just a few minutes on social media, you'll realize how many people hold a very narrow definition of success They think it's about building wealth, having the perfect relationship, or launching a billion-dollar business And a lot of times, they attach famous people to their image of success.

None of these things or people is wrong but being like them doesn't negled to the top only to feel miserable and fought and make you successful Many people have burned out once they get there They're unhappy because they pursued the wrong definition of success - one that didn't match their

Throughout childhood and early adulthood, we learn various ideas of success from our parents, teachers and friends Everyone has their own agenda and idea of who and what we should be Although it's OK

to value the opinions and hopes of others, we shouldn't necessarily adopt them as our own No one can impose their version of success on us No one can tell us what it means to live the good life.

It's easy to assume that success means obtaining a specific object, such as a job or social status, and to believe that if we get that thing, we'll be successful But some of the greatest successes resulted from the

worst failures Winston Churchill said, "Success is not final, failure is not fatal It is the courage to continue that counts."

Most of us probably don’t believe we need a formal definition of happiness; we know it when we feel it and we often use the term to describe a range of positive emotions, including joy, pride,

contentment, and gratitude To many people, happiness is having fun at a party, the excitement of new experiences, or the delights of a fine meal These are all wonderful experiences to be cherished but they

are not happiness These experiences are the definition of pleasure They are experiences to have and let pass A meal to savor, then digest A party to enjoy then let wind down If happiness is not the same thing as pleasure, then what is happiness? Happiness is when your life fulfills your needs It can most certainly be found- and not just momentary pleasure, but genuine, long-lasting happiness In fact, most people have to work very hard for a very long time to finally find happiness It is not unattainable Happiness can happen to anyone, mostly because everyone deserves to be happy.

V.Translate the following advertizing slogans into Vietnamese 1 Apple: Think Different ………

2 Kentucky Fried Chicken: It’s Finger Lickin' Good

1 Defining translation: Translation is the process of coveying messages across linguistic

and cultural barriers

2 Types of translation:

- Intralingual translation: (nội ngữ) translation within the same language, which can involve rewording or paraphrase

- Interlingual translation: (liên ngữ) translation from one language to another

- Intersemiotic translation: (liên kí hiệu) translation of the verbal sign by a non-verbal sign Eg: music, image, braille (chữ nổi)

3 Prerequisite for study in translation and interpretation:

- General knowledge - Cultural knowledge

- Specific translative/interprective skills

4 Requirements for doing well in translation and interpretation:

- A good translator/interpreter has to be a veritable mine of information no matter what subject he is dealing with  you have understand what the author is really saying.

- You must first understand the ideas behind the words and going on step further, you should have clear knowledge of the culture which formulated those ideas.

5 Definition of Translation versus Interpretation:

Translation implies carefully analyzing the message given within the context of particular linguistic code and transferring this message into another written linguistic code

Interpretation, on the other hand, means doing the same but orally and simultaneously.

6 Four basic types of T and I:

- Prepared translation: biên dịch có chuẩn bị

- Sight translation: dịch nhìn văn bản (speed of response) - Consecutive interpretation: dịch đuổi

- Simultaneous interpretation: dịch song song/đồng thời/cabin

7 The training for developing the skills of Consecutive interpretation:

1 Learning to repeat what a speaker has said, first in one’s dominant language

Context is that which accurs before or after a word, a phrase or even a long utterance or text The context often helps in understanding the particular meaning the word, phrase.

9 Four types of text by Peter Newmark

- Narative: a dynamic sequence of events with emphasis on verbs, verb nouns or phrasal verbs - Description: static, with emphasis on linking verbs, adj, adj noun

- Discussion: a treament of ideas, with emphasis on abstract nouns (concepts), V of thought, metal activity, logical argument and connectives.

- Dialogue: with emphasis on colloquilisms and phaticisms

10 Six principles of translation:

a) Meaning: the translation should reflect accurately the meaning of original text Nothing should

be arbitrarily added or removed Ask yourself:

- Is the meaning of original text clear? If not, where does the uncertainty lie?

- Are any words “loaded”, that is, are there any underlying implications? (‘correct me if I’m wrong ’ suggests ‘I know I’m right’)

- Is the dictionary meaning of a particular word be most suitable one - Does anything in the translation sound unnatural or forced?

b) Form: should match the originals closely as possible.

c) Register: The translator must distinguish between formal or fixed expressions and personal

expressions in which the writer or speaker sets the tone.

- Would any expression in the original sound too formal/informal, cold/warm, personal/impersonal… if translated literally?

- What is the intention of the speaker or writer? (to persuade/dissuade, apologize/criticize? Does it come through in the translation?

d) Source language influence: a good way of shaking off the SL influence is to set the text aside

and translate a few sentences aloud, from memory This will suggest natural patterns of thought in the first language which may not come to mind when the eye is fixed on the SL text.

e) Style and clarit: The translator should not change the style of the original But if the text is

sloppily written, or full of tedious repetitions, the translator may, for the readr’s sake, correct the defects.

f) Idiom: idiomatic expressions are notoriously untranslatable (similes, metaphors ) if the

expressions cannot be directly translated try any of the following: - Retain the original word, in inverted commas

- Retain the original expression, with a literal explanation in brackets: - Use a close equivalent

- Use non-idiomatic or plain prose translation

If the idiom does not work in the L1, do not force it into the translation

11 The notions "language" and "culture" Explain why translation and culture are intimately connected ( p.25 )

Language is a set of verbal symbols that are primarily auditory

Language also constitutes the most distinctive feature of a culture , which may be described in a simplistic manner as the totality of the beliefs and practices of a society And although a language may be regarded as a relatively small part of a culture , it is indispensable for both the functioning and the perpetuation of the culture

Because culture gives birth to language , translation and culture are intimately connected

Meanings in both source and target languages are profoundly affected by their cultural context , especially in business translation A phrase that appears easy to translate may actually contain cultural subtleties that, unless they are accounted for , can bring just the opposite meaning than is intended So, translation without deep cultural context can be dangerous , especially when meanings are critical.

12 Connotative meaning and denotative meaning Give ex for illustration(p.29)

Connotative meanings refer to the additional meanings that a word or phrase has beyond its central meaning ( = denotative meaning ) , these meanings show people's emotions and

attitudes towards what the word or phrase refers to

For example : " run " may suggest " haste " " sofa " may suggest " comfort "

and " tropic " may suggest " heat "

13 Four types of translational equivalence ( p.31 )

(1) Linguistic equivalence, where there is homogeneity on the linguistic level of both SL and TL

text, i.e word for word translation

(2) Paradigmatic equivalence, where there is equivalence of “ the elements os a paradigmatic

expressive axis”, i.e elements of grammar, which Popovic sees as being a higher category

than lexical equivalence.

(3) Stylistic ( translational) equivalence, where there is “functional equivalence of elements in

both original and translation aiming at an expressive identity with an invariant of identical meaning”.

(4) Textual (syntagmatic) equivalence, where there is equivalence of form and shape.

14 Two types of untranslatability ( p.33 )

LINGUISTIC UNTRANSLATABILITY , he argues , is due to differences in the SL and the TL, whereas

CULTURAL UNTRANSLATABILITY is due to the absence in the TL culture of a relevant situational feature for the SL text

15 Loss and Gain in translation ( p 35 )

Loss: The disappearance of certain features in the TL text which are presented in the SL text

Gain: The enrichment or clarification of the source language text in the process of translation

16 Translation methods ( p 36-38 )

1 Word - for - word translation

This is often demonstrated as interlinear translation , with the TL immediately below the SL words The SL word - order is preserved , and the words are commonly translated singly out of context This is often used as a pre - translation process to understand the mechanics of the SL text

2 Literal translation

The SL grammatical constructions are converted to their nearest TL equivalents , but the lexical words are still translated singly , out of context As a pre - translation process, this indicates the problems to be solved An example of literal translation could be the rendering of ' Give me a hand ' Clinto Đưa cho tôi một tay ’ in Vietnamese whereby the rendering of Give into Dua is out of context, which means a clumsy , thus irrelevant translation of words in context

3 Faithful translation

A faithful translation attempts to reproduce the precise contextual meaning of the original within the constraints of It the TL grammatical structures ' transfers ' cultural words and preserves the degree of grammatical and lexical ' abnormality ' ( deviation from SL norms ) in the translation Translation of this type attempts to be completely faithful to intention of SL writer.

4 Semantic translation

Semantic translation differs ' faithful translation ' only in as far as it must take more account of the aesthetic value ( that is , the beautiful and natural sound ) of the SL text ,

compromising on ' meaning ' where appropriate so that no assonance , wordplay or repetition jars in the finished version Further , it may translate less important cultural words by

culturally neutral third or functional terms but not by cultural equivalents The distinction between ' faithful ' and ' semantic ' translation is that the first is

uncompromising and dogmatic , while the second is more flexible , admits the creative exception to 100 % fidelity and allows for the translator's intuitive empathy with the original Thus , the example given earlier ' Give me a hand ' would be more semantically rendered into ‘ Hãy giúp mình một tay ’ , which allows for more natural sound of the TL text

5 Adaptation

This is the ' freest ' form of translation It is used mainly for plays ( comedies ) and poetry : the themes , characters , plots are usually preserved , the SL culture converted to the TL culture and the text rewritten by an established dramatist or poet

6 Free translation

Free translation reproduces the matter without the manner , or the content without the form of the original Usually , it is a paraphrase much longer than the original , a so - called ' intralingual translation ' , not a real translation at all

7 Idiomatic translation