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An assignment scored Distinction in cloud computing. This assignment presents a report of a toyStore website using Nodejs, MVC model, encryption methods, security, fullstack website, including decentralization
ASSIGNMENT FRONT SHEET Qualification BTEC Level HND Diploma in Computing Unit number and title Unit 16: Cloud computing Submission date 09/12/2023 Date Received 1st submission Re-submission Date 09/12/2023 Date Received 2nd submission Student Name Tran Duc Long Student ID GCH210562 Class GCH1106 Assessor name Nguyen Dinh Tran Long Student declaration I certify that the assignment submission is entirely my own work and I fully understand the consequences of plagiarism I understand that making a false declaration is a form of malpractice Student’s signature Grading grid P1 P2 P3 P4 M1 Page of 59 M2 D1 Summative Feedback: Resubmission Feedback: 2.1 Grade: 2.3 Assessor Signature: 2.4 Internal Verifier’s Comments: Signature & Date: Page of 59 Date: 2.2 Table of Contents Introduction I Overview cloud computing A Brief History of Cloud Computing What is Cloud Computing? II Client – server Client Server Relationship between Client and Server 10 III Peer-to-peer (P2P) 11 IV High performance computing (HPC) 13 Definition and Types of HPC 13 1.1 Parallel 13 1.2 Cluster 15 1.3 Distributed 16 Example: 18 V Deployment models 19 Public 20 Private 22 Community Cloud 25 Hybrid Cloud 27 VI Cloud service models 29 Software as a Service (SaaS) 30 Platform as a Service (PaaS) 31 Software as a Service (IaaS) 32 Comparing Service Models 33 VII Characteristic of cloud 34 VIII Virtualization and multicore 35 Virtualization 35 Page of 59 Multicore 36 IX Solution for ATN 37 Overview Scenario 37 Overview Solution 37 Deployment Model 38 Service Model 39 Technical Specs 40 5.1 Backend development environment 40 5.2 Database 44 5.3 Cloud Platform 47 5.4 GitHub: Version Control System & Collaboration 50 5.5 Technical Solution for project 51 X Cloud Architecture 54 Conclusion 56 References 57 Page of 59 Table of Figure Figure 1: A Brief History of Cloud Computing (Foote, 2021) Figure 2: Client-server model (syedmodassirali, 2022) Figure 3: P2P model (Hayes, 2021) 11 Figure 4: Cloud deployment models 19 Figure 5: Public deployment (Shaptunova, 2023) 20 Figure 6: A Project deployed onto Firebase 21 Figure 7: Example my portfolio is deployed by Firebase 22 Figure 8: Private deployment (Shaptunova, 2023) 23 Figure 9: Example about private cloud 24 Figure 10: Community deployment (Shaptunova, 2023) 25 Figure 11: Example about community cloud 26 Figure 12: Hybrid deployment (Shaptunova, 2023) 27 Figure 13: Cisco and Google hybrid cloud 28 Figure 14: Example of Hybrid Cloud (Cisco) 29 Figure 15: Cloud service model (Peterson, 2023) 29 Figure 16: SaaS Services (Peterson, 2023) 30 Figure 17: PaaS Services (Peterson, 2023) 31 Figure 18: IaaS service (Peterson, 2023) 32 Figure 19: Characteristics of Cloud Computing (AnkitMahali, 2023) 34 Figure 20: Nodejs 41 Figure 21: Laravel framework (tutorialspoin, 2023) 43 Figure 22: MongoDB (amela, 2021) 45 Figure 23: MySQL (simitech, 2023) 46 Figure 24: Heroku (heroku, 2023) 47 Figure 25: Render (render, 2023) 49 Page of 59 Introduction Cloud computing is expanding the horizons of the IT sector Its rapid development as a practical method for delivering IT services is driven by various aligning and supportive factors Our upcoming study will explore the notion of cloud computing, including service provider models and ways to harness an array of IT services Key benefits of cloud computing over conventional on-site computing include lower expenses, along with increased agility and flexibility Due to its remarkable and profound capacity for transformation, cloud computing is gaining popularity among individuals, businesses, educational entities, government bodies, and community groups Page of 59 I Overview cloud computing A Brief History of Cloud Computing Figure 1: A Brief History of Cloud Computing (Foote, 2021) The origins and development of cloud computing trace back to the 1950s and 1960s During the 1950s, the high cost of mainframe computers led to the emergence of time sharing in the late 1950s and early 1960s This approach allowed multiple users to share access to a central mainframe, optimizing processor time and reducing idle periods This concept marked the early stages of shared computing resources, which is a key aspect of today's cloud computing (Foote, 2021) The concept of providing computing services over a global network began taking shape around 1969 American computer scientist J.C.R Licklider played a crucial role in developing the Advanced Research Projects Agency Network, a precursor to the modern internet His vision was to interconnect computers globally, allowing access to programs and data from anywhere By the 1970s, cloud computing started to become more concrete with the advent of the first Virtual Machines (VMs) These VMs allowed multiple computing systems to operate on a single physical setup, leading to the idea of virtualization, which significantly impacted cloud computing's evolution During the 1970s and 1980s, companies like Microsoft, Apple, and IBM developed technologies that furthered cloud environment capabilities, including cloud server and server hosting technologies In 1999, Salesforce emerged as the first company to offer business applications via a website, marking a significant milestone in cloud application delivery Amazon's introduction of AWS in 2006, offering services such as computing and storage on the cloud, marked another major development in cloud computing This move prompted other major tech companies like Microsoft and Google to launch their own cloud services, creating a competitive cloud computing landscape Page of 59 What is Cloud Computing? Cloud computing refers to the delivery of hosted services over the internet This broad term encompasses three primary categories: Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS), Platform as a Service (PaaS), and Software as a Service (SaaS) (Wesley Chai, Stephen J Bigelow, 2022) There are two types of cloud environments: public and private Public clouds offer their services to the general public over the internet, whereas private clouds provide hosted services to a select group of users with specific access and permission settings Regardless of being private or public, the aim of cloud computing is to offer convenient and scalable access to computing resources and IT services The infrastructure of cloud computing includes both the physical hardware and software components necessary for the implementation of a cloud computing model This model can also be referred to as utility computing or on-demand computing The term "cloud computing" was coined from the cloud symbol frequently used to represent the internet in flowcharts and diagrams II Client – server The client-server model is a structure used in distributed applications, where responsibilities are split between two main categories: servers, which provide resources or services, and clients, which request those services In this framework, when a client computer sends a data request to a server via the internet, the server receives, processes the request, and returns the requested data packets to the client It's crucial to note that clients in this setup not engage in resource sharing Common examples of the client-server model include email and the World Wide Web (syedmodassirali, 2022) Figure 2: Client-server model (syedmodassirali, 2022) Page of 59 Client Clients, which can also be referred to as service requesters, are either computer hardware components or software applications on a server that request resources and services offered by a server Client computing falls into three categories: Thick, Thin, or Hybrid (heavy, 2022) • • • Thick Client: This type of client offers extensive functionality, handles most of the data processing independently, and places relatively light demands on the server Thin Client: A thin-client server is a lightweight computer that heavily depends on the host computer's resources In this setup, an application server takes care of the majority of necessary data processing Hybrid Client: A hybrid client combines characteristics of both thin and thick clients It relies on the server to store persistent data but has the capability for local processing as well Server A server is a device or computer program that offers functionality to other devices or programs It encompasses any computerized process that can be utilized or called upon by a client to provide resources and distribute tasks (heavy, 2022) Some typical examples of servers include: • Application Server: It hosts web applications that users on the network can access without needing their individual copies • Computing Server: This server shares a significant amount of computer resources with networked computers that require more CPU power and RAM than what is typically available on a personal computer Page of 59 • • Database Server: It manages and provides databases for any computer program that processes well-organized data, such as accounting software and spreadsheets Web Server: This server hosts web pages and facilitates the functioning of the World Wide Web Relationship between Client and Server In the client-server model, which is crucial for contemporary networked computing, the connection between client and server is marked by a reciprocal and synergistic interaction Both clients and servers assume specific, yet complementary roles, collaboratively ensuring the seamless exchange of data and services within a network (Contributor, 2023) Characteristics of the Client-Server Relationship: • The flow of digital data operates under a distinctive client-server model Imagine a client, akin to your smartphone, that doesn't need to store every app and file Instead, it interacts with a centralized server, akin to a well-stocked digital library, using a specific protocol This protocol facilitates efficient data transfer and communication, functioning similarly to a universal language (Joshjnunez, 2020) • When the client requests a certain app or file, the server awaits this request Upon its arrival, the server verifies the identity of the client before granting access Once verified, the server promptly dispatches the requested item, be it a document, video, or software, to the client • This process usually takes place over a network, which could be the vast internet or a private digital pathway This synchronized, service-like communication is governed by protocols like TCP/IP TCP acts as a vigilant server, ensuring a smooth transition from the initial request to the final delivery, comparable to waiting in a restaurant for your meal to be served In contrast, IP functions like an independent courier, dispatching separate data packets, each carrying a part of the overall information, similar to how different letters in a message convey various parts of the content • Through their collaborative efforts, the client-server architecture enables access to a wide array of digital resources, transforming the way information is stored and retrieved from a solitary task to a dynamic exchange between multiple entities Types of Client-Server Relationships: • Client-server relationships can vary depending on the architecture and the specific needs of the network or application Here are some common types of client-server relationships: • One-to-One (1:1): In this type, a single client communicates with a single server It's often seen in situations where highly specialized or secure communications are necessary Page 10 of 59