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httos‘/telegram.me/Banking_Zone https /telegram.me/SSC_Zone INLY BOOK WITH GRADED EXERCISES 5: - The Accredited Guide vo DATA | iterprekagion rua — "ma AND ^ SffiiiIeilsI\œMW For CAT, MAT, XAT, IIFT, SNAP, BANK (PO/Clerk), SSC (CGL/CPO), UPSC (CSAT} & Other State PSC Exams, etc sK ‹g ˆ ANANTA ASHISHA Scanned by CamScanner - #0iữarnt — https:/telegram.me/Banking_Zone htps;⁄tel ONLY BOOK VWATH GRADED EXERCISES The Accredited Guide vo Interpretation Pome pane AND nn Bà — ——“ ATA ñ For CAT, (AAT, XAT, IIFT, SHAP, BANKK IP/LEI) SoC (CGL/CPO), UPSC (CSAT} & Cinar State P&C Exams ete, ANANTA ASHISHA So | ae arlhant ARIHANT PUBLICATIONS (INDIA) LTD Scanned by CamScanner telegram.me/SSC_Zone /SSC_Zt hitps:/Aelegram.me/Banking_Zone MRR https //telegram.me/SSC_Zone weg “y arihant ARIHANT PUBLICATIONS (INDIA) LIMITED All rights reserved © publisher No pat of this publication may be re-produced, stared in a retrieval system or distributed ia any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, scanning, web or otherwise without the written permission of the publisher Arthant has obtained all the information in this book from the sources believed tobereliable and truc, However, Arihant ot its editors or authors or Illustrators dont take any responsibility forthe absolute accuracy of any information published, and the damages or Joss suffered thereupon, * ‘8 Administrative & Production Offices Corporate Olive: Head Office: “Rarchhaya’ 4577/15, Agarwal Road, Darya Ganj, New Dclhi -110002 Tele: O1- 47630600, 43518550; Fax: O1l- 23280316 Kalindi, TP Nagar, Mceruc (UP) - 250002 Tele: 0J2)-2401479, 2512970, 4004199, Fax: 0121-2401648 All đispuls subjeel (0 Meerut (UP) jurisdiction only Sales & Suppose Offices Agra, Abmedabud, iengalaru, Bhubaneswar, Bareilly, Chennai, Delbl, Guwahatl, Hakdwani, Hyderabad, ipur Jalandhar, Jhansi, Kolkata, Kota, Lucknow, Mecrut, Nagpur Pune % ISBN 978-93-5203-924-1 i Price :% 250 —- Typeset by Arihant DTP Unit at Meerut: PRENTED & HOUND BY AMIHANT PUBLICATIONS 11) LTD DRESS ENT) For hither inkormation about the products from Asibant Jog un te wwwarthantbooks.cani ur call tu Infowearlhantbooks.com yer ` hitps:/Aelegram.me/Banking_Zone https /telegram.me/SSC_ Zone PREFACE Books play an important role in the preparation of any examination and one ¢ importance of books while preparing for any competitive exam Rook for Data Interpretation & Data Sufficiency can be the source to get the concepts related to various topics whieh = score well in the examination Data Interpretation is the major part covered in Quantitative Aptitude Section of any exam DIDS basically shows haw data is analysed to answer the questions that are asked, The candidates preparing for specific examination prefer the books related to that particular exam which includes each and every section but separate books for each section make students scors better marks, Importance of DI/DS is increasingly moving centre stage in today’s competitive examinations The questions that are asked in different examinations are not easy to solve and one cannat solez these problems without having a better practice, but once you know the basic concent behind it you can solve it in less time The ACCREDITED GUIDE TO DATA Interpretation & DATA Sufficiency will serve the students in the above discussed manner This book has been pret after comprehensive research on the teachers who are involved in teaching of DI DS The value points incorporated in this book on the basis ofthe research make this back stand fara part from other available books in the market Features of this book Each chapter begins with a brief introduction that will make the students understand ditferent concepts clearly and conipletely ¥ Clear indication of the Types of Questions along with proper guidelines to solve them Fach question has separate Theory, Solved Examples and Exercise wv The Exercise of each chapter has been graded as per difficulty and at the end, cumulzt has been giver: which is divided into three parts ie, Base, Moderate and Advance leve! fully solved Base level, Moderate Level and Advance level exercise covers all types of gu Hons Le aswed in previous years’ examinations wv Questions of different competitive examinations like CAT, MAT, CMAT, XAT, MHT-CET, Bank (PO/Clerk), SSC (CGL/PO), Railways, UPSC (CSAT) & other state questions etc, upto 2015 have been covered Ỉ ‘ However, I have put my best effarts in preparing this book, but if any error or been skipped out, I will by heartly welcome your suggestions Apart from all those, who fa phí in the completion of this book, a special note of thanks goes to Miss Jasika Khera and fc fite Chabbra without their support, the book could not have comie toits shape Ravi Shank and Ravindar Rawat have given their expertise in the layout of the book The cantribution ot Nr Sachin Kumar and Ms Gaura Sharma for this book is also very special, warthy of great ANANTS Scanned by CamScanner ASHI hitps:/Aelegram.me/Banking_Zone ` ` https:/telegram.me/SSC_Zone ‘CONTENTS Analysis of Data + Data Ơ Data Tables ô Data Interpretation Ơ BarGraphs Ơ Line Graphs ô : Percentage «Average + 3, Y Mixed graph ¥ Case Studies Types of Data Representation Y 12-76 * Parts of Data Table + Interpretation of Data of Table Questions Based on Single Table : ‘ « Questions Based on Two or More Tables + Miscellaneous Examples « Cumulative Exercises Bar Chart + 77-131 PartsofaBar Chart * + Interpreting the Bar Chart + General Pointsabout Bar Chart * Questions Based on Simple Bar Chart + Significance ofBar Chart ¥ Questions Based on More than One Bar Chart ¥ ` “Vertical BarChart ¥ Horizontal Bar Chart Miscellaneous Charts Data Table ‘+ *“_ Grouped Bar Chart CompositeBar Chart + Miscellaneous Examples * Cumulative Exercises Deviation Bar Chart Line Graph ++ + 3-11 v⁄_ Pie Charts Ratio + : PropertiesofLineGraph PartsofaLineGraph Representation of Dataas Line Grap h Single Dependent Variable Graph More than One Dependent Variab le Scanned by CamScanner 132-180 + Graphs with Two Scales + RangeGraph + Miscellaneous Examples * Cumulative Exercises — https:/telegram.me/Banking_Zone Pie Chart or Circle Graph hitps:/telegram.me/SSC_ Zone 181-332 Rasedon More thõn One P Â â rts PieChae of anc Import LimitationsofPieCharts « Basedon Percentage Values Miscellaneous Examples * Basedon Degree Values Basedon Actual Values Cumulative Exercises * Based on Exploded Pie Chart 233-285 Mixed Graph + + Combination of Tableand Graph Miscellaneous Examples + Combinationof Graphs Cumulative Exercises 286-317 Case Studies «Steps to Solve ‘Case Studies’ + Cumulative Exercises Miscellaneous Examples 318-340 Miscellaneous Charts + Radar Chart/Graph Scatter Diagram « Triangular Bar Diagram Cumulative Excercises + Area Diagram 341-382 Data Sufficiency + Do's & Dont’s of Data Sufficiency + To find Necessary Statements * Chất To find Unnecessary Statements Scanned by CamScanner Miscellaneous Examples Cumulative Exercises https:/telegram.me/Banking_Zone https /telegram.me/SSC_Zone — DATA INTERPRETATION “Scanned by CamScanner hitps://telegram.me/Banking_Zone https:/telegram.me/SSC_Zone Analysis of Data Data Data is a way lo represent instructions, facts or concepts in an organised format suitable for communication, interpretation or processing, by humans of other aulomaticmodes These data are represented in a number of organised formats (like graphical format, tabular formal, pie charts etc), so that we can conclude any particular information from them Data Interpretation ‘The process of deriving conclusion or inferences from the information given in an organised format of data is called "Data interpretation’ Duta ˆ interpretation forms one of the most critical areas of different general and entrance examinations It counts 10-20 questions in the MBA entrance examination, 20-25 questions in Bank examination, 5-10 questions in SSC examination, and its inherent concepts will help the students to 5-7 questions is CSAT examination etc, Therefore, its understanding score maximum in different examinations ‘The principles used in data interpretation are as below 1, Percentage Ratio Average ‘The abave principles play a vital role in solving the problems Hence, we should have proper knowledge of the above stated principles, Let us study these in detail, Percentage ‘The term percent means for every hundred, A fraction whose denominator is 100, is called a percentage and the numerator of the fraction is called the rate per cent It is denoted by the symbol % t eho 100 exe 100 Percentage is a very useful {ool for comparison in the analysis of data For example, in their captaincy Sourav Ganguly has won 127 matches out of 205 matches and Rahul Dravid has won 64 matches out of 140 matches This can however, be beller comprehended in a percentage form, which is for 127 success rile of Ganguly = m 100% =6195% aye success rate of Dravid =to 100% = 45.71% This reveals that asa captain, Ganguly is more succcszf than Dravid Scanned by CamScanner https:/telegram.me/Banking_Zone hitps:/telegram.me/SSC_Zone - & Data Sufficiency The Aceredited Guide to Data Interpretation Percentage equivalent of imporarn kaos entage Interpretation of Data Involving the Perc woh per cent xis mere oc ess than sate 1, Required pesee: - Va se cf x— Valse ofY reo Value ofy _ Natseofy- Value oft og x Ole a wie " m% topes w | 10 comparison is made, Réle2 1=102% Sol woe Íc fe Ue Sol negative growth Find 79% of 429, 9% = BIR 5 1% Ex4 C2735 1% 29 19% OF 429 = 3442 = 4.29=339 Find 361% of 2345 361% = (200+ 50+ 10+ 1)% Japan tay Sof ? 10% =-L x2346 = 234,5 m= x mse 2345 1800 1180 A8 760 s0 1860 1580 1218 increment in production of cars in 2008 over 2007 in India= 2—™ » so95, = 8.57% in USA = 29-9 1008 = 4.419 900 in China = 186071760 590, = 5,68% 3760 in Jopan = 15801500 995; = 535% 1500 in Maly= 2218760 y toge,= 55 100 23619 = 70354 11725 + 234.5 + 2345 28465 Very handy method is, 2345 251 ~ gạas 100 (It is just to make you understand the concept Jt Js also suggested that use less time consuming method.) 1160 How much per cent of 1795645 is 64598? Clearly, only in one country ‘USA’ production of cars has increased 64598 % 100% =36% 1793645 But you are required to find the exact value as you have to choose ‘only one option and only approximate value is by less than $% in 2008 over last year Ex sufficient to solve your problem, Therefore, approximate percentage = 178 180 ye = 333% Find inhow many years the production of sugar hasdecreased by more than 30% over the previous year? Yeats Pioduction x 10% =x 100% (in million tonne) Sol, 2004 | 2005 | 2006 2007 | 2008 974 | 726 | S24 | 370 | Methodl Decrement in the production of sugar over previaus year in 2005 = 974-726 X 100% = 25.5% 974 Scanned by CamScanner ng | 700 10 Required percentage = Figuté (n 000 tonne} Inia T00 USA 900 China | 1760 50m = 4.x 23655 1172.5 Sof Find in how many countries the production of cars has increased by less than 5% in 200S over last year? tay ⁄⁄472z4xE58z12 300% =3% 2345=7035 Ex 3, Fofndthe rementage change is any value sw compara to If¢ is positive, then there is percentage increase in the value ofx over y (or percentage growth) and if¢ is negative, then there is percentage decrease (or percentage decline) or Calculation of Percentage (1 (whens ¢y) The denominator part contains the value with which the ® W Zz Value ef y °k W la AT x ft a Mie wr x x wre ote " x § (when x> y) 184 hitps:/Aelegram.me/Banking_Zone https://telegram.me/SSC_Zone Analysis of Data in 2006 = 726 = 324 100% = 27.8% 726 324~ 276 in 2007 = 100% = 47.3% 324 in 2008 = 276 — 184 100% S333 216 & Direction Number In this case, (- = 974 Step2 074 —_ A c BD E “184 524 276 072 052 066 “Therefore, in two years (2007 and 2008), the production of sugar has decreased by more than 40% over the production in the previous year Rule3 No comparison can be made based on percentage value if base value is not known e.g If the profit of company A increased by 20% and that of company B by 22% compared to previous year profit, then which company’s profit is more this year? We cannot say because we nothave the Average is a single value that summarizes or represents the general significance of a set of values Sum of all items in the group Average= = = Number of items in the group A batsman’s performance can be expressed as the average number of runs scored per innings rather than giving the scores of individual innings eg Let us say Virat Kohli scored the following runs in five different innings inan ODI series 55, 45, 75, 35 and 95 Then, his average score per innings in that particular ODI series = + 45+ 7+ 35+ 93 _ gy Average isalso called the ‘mean’ or mean value of all the values TF x;, Xp, X5. +%, be nnumbers, then their average ˆ xịt tr fn Ext tấy Find the average number of books sold over the period 2010-13, 2010 | 2011 | 2012 | 2013 Number of books | 1100 | 1250 | 1390 | 1500 Years (b) 1310 {a) 1210 (e) None of these (c) 1410 {d} 1411 Sol, (b) Average number of books sold over the period 2010-13 _ Total number of books sold over theperiod Total number of years 1100+ 1250-4 13904 1500 _ $240 _ 1555 Scanned by CamScanner five different disciplines Ast | Commerce | Science | Management | Computer Science 350 | 20 l4 | sso] |280] 280 450 140 300 300 480 380 360 420 30 160 120 200 380 340 330 320 400 180 320 Ex.2 What is the average number of students studying Commerce from all the institutes together? (a) 356 (b) 360 {e) None of these us (@ 340 Sol, (e) Average number of students studying Commerce from all institutes previous year value Average studying Oisciptines 726 of students from five institutes ‘Thus, in two years 2007 and 2008, decreased in the production of Sugar is more than 30% Meihod IT Steps 26 Be (Example 2) Read the infarmation carefully and answer ihe question that follows Total number of students studying Commerce from all institutes Total number of institutes + Reqnired average number of students 2604 320+ 300+ 4804 360_ 1720 vu Following types make it easy to operate data while using average 4G) Based on Average Per cent Change In these types of questions, we have to find out the difference between the current per cent average and previous per cent average It is called the average per cent change If average percentage of a variable is given in the question, then we use the average per cent change in value of variable during a given period of time ~ Average per cent change during the period _ Percentage change during the given period Number of years (or months) Find the average annual percentage increase in number of eycles over the period 2010-14? 2010 | 2011 | 2012 | 2013 | 2014 Years 55 47 | 3B 25 Number oÍcyeles | 20 (355 (b) 3253 (@) 4553 (©) None of these Sol (c} Number of cycles in 2010= 20 Number of cycles in 2014 = 55 (d) 42% Percentage increase (ar change} in number of cycles daring 2010- = 222 x 1009 21755 Average percentage increase (or change) during 2010-14 Percentage increase during 2010-14 _ 1755 © gage, Number of years during 2010-144 —T