UNIT ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION A VOCABULARY No Word Blast Carbon dioxide Part of speech n n Pronunciation Meaning /bla:st/ Vụ nổ /,ka:ban dai'oksaid/ Khí đi-ơ-xít các-bon Dấu chân các-bon (tổng lượng khí nhà kính (trong chủ yếu khí đi- Carbon footprint n, phr /,ka:ban futprint/ ơ-xít các-bon) thải vào khí hoạt động cụ thể người) Conservation n /.konsa'veifn/ Sự bảo tồn Consumption n /kan'sAmpJn/ Sự tiêu thụ Coral n /'koral/ San hô Dugong n / du:gog/ Cá cúi, bò biển Ecosystem n /'i:kaơsistam/ Hệ sinh thái /indeindjad 'spi:Jì:z/ Những lồi có nguy có bị tuyệt Endangered species n, phr chủng 10 Environmental adj /in^airan'mentl/ Thuộc môi trường 11 Extinction n /ik'stirjkfn/ Sự tuyệt chủng 12 Face V /feis/ Đối mặt 13 Habitat n /' híebitíet/ Mơi trường sống 14 Litter /'litar/ Rác, xả rác 15 Marine adj /ma'ri:n/ Thuộc hàng hải 16 Medicinal adj /ma'disinl/ Dùng làm thuốc chữa bệnh 17 Mission n /'rnijh/ Sứ mệnh, nhiệm vụ n, V 18 Oxygen n /'oksidjan/ Khí ơ-xi 19 Participate V /pa:r'tisipeit/ Tham gia 20 Permit n, V /par'mit/ Sự cho phép, cho phép 21 Product n /'prodAkt/ Sản phẩm 22 Protect V /pra'tekt/ Bảo vệ 23 Release V /rili:s/ Giải phóng, thải 24 Renewable source /n nju:abl so:rs/ Nguồn tái tạo 25 Resident n /rezidant/ Người dân 26 Saola n /'saula/ Kỳ lân châu Á 27 Single-use adj /.sirjgl ju:s/ Để sử dụng lần 28 Slippery adj /'slipari/ Trơn 29 Species n /'spi:Jì:z/ Giống, lồi 30 Substance n /'sAbstans/ Chất 31 Tornado n /to:r'neidau/ Lốc xoáy 32 Toxic adj /'toksik/ Độc hại 33 Wildlife n /'waildlaif/ Động vật hoang dã n, phr B PRONUNCIATION Phụ âm đôi /bl/ bl (blank) Phụ âm đôi cl (cloud) /kl/ c GRAMMAR Complex sentences with adverb clauses of time (Câu phức chứa mệnh đê trạng ngữ thời gian) Câu phức bao gồm mệnh đề độc lập (mệnh đề chính) mệnh đề phụ thuộc: - Mệnh đề trạng ngữ mệnh đề phụ thuộc - Mệnh đề trạng ngữ thời gian diễn tả thời điểm xảy việc thường chứa liên từ nối thời gian đứng trước như: when (khi, vào lúc), while, as (trong khi), until / till (cho đến khi), as soon as, once (ngay khi), before, by the time (trước khi), after (sau khi), as long as, so long as (chừng nào, miễn là), since (từ khi) Example: I won't leave until my friend arrives - Hai vế mệnh đề hốn đổi vị trí cho Mệnh đề trạng ngữ thời gian đứng đầu cuối câu Nếu mệnh đề trạng ngữ thời gian đứng đầu câu ngăn cách với mệnh đề dấu phẩy - Khi chia động từ, cần lưu ý mối liên hệ thời vế mệnh đề Thông thường vế chia thời gian: khứ - khứ; - tại; - tương lai D PRACTICE PART I PHONETICS Exercise Find the word which has a different sound in the underlined part A reduce B release c forest D process A cutting B rubbish c harmful D substance A risk B wild c habitat D pick A lock B stop c novel D come 5.A save B preparation c became D signature Exercise Find the word which has a different stress from the others A pollution B protection c interest D announcement A destroy B contain c detail D reduce A effective B habitat c animal D national A wildlife B before c habit D notice A diverse B unsafe c marine D harmful PART VOCABULARY AND GRAMMAR I VOCABULARY Exercise Look at the pictures and fill in the blanks plastic rubbish Rs single-use products water pollution oil soil pollution coal bushfire endangered species campfire 10 Exercise Circle the odd one out A fossil B oil c coal D gas A reuse B reduce c recycle D environment A motorbike B transport c bus D bicycles A air B land c water D habitat A garbage B trash c release D litter A conserve B destroy c save D protect A river B.ocean c forest D.pond A harmful B endangered c safe D.concern A under B before c until D when 10 A ecosystem B.dangerous c resource D nature Exercise Reorder the letters to make correct words, then match them with their meanings A C-B-A-R-O-N F-T-T-O-O-N-l-R-P B A the protection of plants and animals, natural areas, interesting and important structures and buildings, especially from the damaging effects of human activity O-T-O-P-L-l-L-N-U B to stay away from someone or something O-B-C-A-R-N D-X-E-l-O-l-D c all the living things in an area and the way they affect each other and the environment A-O-O-R-E-S-C-V-N-N-l-T D used to refer to plants or animals that live or grow E-T-E-O-M-S-Y-S-C independently of people, in natural conditions E a measurement of the amount of carbon dioxide_that_a S-R-W-A-E-N-S-E-A person's.activities produce F the natural environment in which an animal or plant usually S-l-P-S-E-C-E lives G a distinct group of animals or plants that have common L-D-W-l characteristics and can breed with each other H damage caused to water, air, etc by harmful substances or T-l-A-H-A-B-T waste to know that something exists, or having knowledge or 10 I-V-D-A-O experience of a particular thing J the gas formed when carbon is burned, or when people or animals breathe out Your answer: 10 Exercise Complete the sentences with the words in the box footprint habitats substances effect endangered wildlife dioxide marine reduce diverse We should the consumption of single-use products such as plastic bottles and bags The dugong is a(n) animal The _animals are dying because of trash dumped into the ocean Air pollution has a harmful on our life The ecosystem in Con Dao National Park is very with thousands of species Do trees help absorb carbon ? Walking and cycling are effective ways to reduce our carbon _ Some toxic _from factories are usually released into rivers A national park is a special area for the protection of the environment and 10 _of animals are damaged by human activities 11 GRAMMAR Exercise Decide whether the following sentence is a Simple sentence (SS), a Compound sentence (C) or a Complex sentence (CS) _You should wait here until she comes back _Protecting the environment must be the job of everyone in the community _The contamination of lakes, rivers, oceans or underwater causes water pollution _Water pollution has negative effects on the environment and humans, so it's a matter of concern nowadays _Many species of wildlife are becoming extinct _If the factory continues dumping poison into the lake, all the fish and other aquatic animals will die _Villagers called the forest guard unit as soon as they saw the bushfire _The polluted water results in the death of many aquatic animals and plants _I had dinner, and I did my homework yesterday 10 There are national parks all over the world Exercise Write IC if the underlined clause is an independent clause or DC if it is a dependent clause _What were you doing when I phoned? _You should brush your teeth after you have a meal _As soon as I arrive, I will send you a message _Before I came home, I had bought some food _You shouldn't go out until it stops raining _After Jane has done the housework, she will go out _Linh is cooking while we are watching TV _When there is a red light, we must stop _I used to go fishing on Sundays when I was ten 10 The light went out while we were having dinner Exercise Fill in the blank with a suitable time connector until x2 as soon as x2 before while x2 after when x2 I got home, I prepared dinner They won't leave they meet the manager We will travel to Da Nang we have finished the project My dad was playing chess my mother was knitting Make sure you turn off the tap _you brush your teeth I leave Viet Nam for Canada, I will visit my relatives he was a child, he used to play badminton every Saturday They called the police _the accident happened Can you help me clean the floor I am washing the dishes? 10 The baby won't sleep her mother comes back home Exercise Match the clauses in the two columns to form complex sentences and write full sentences A B When he came to my house, A before she goes home After had had dinner, B the electricity went out 3.1 will call you c they were walking downtown While we were watching TV, D was not at home She will pick her children up E when they work in the field We will play golf F as soon as arrive at the airport You have to show your ticket G usually listen to music Farmers usually wear conical hats H went to the cinema When I'm sad, when you get on the train 10 As they found the watch, J until it gets dark Answer: 11 10 2- 3- 4- 5- 6- 7- 8- 9- 10- _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ Exercise Put the conjunction in brackets into its correct position A serious road accident happened We were waiting for the bus yesterday, (while) 2.1 had to get the mop spilled my juice, (since) He fell down the ladder His leg was broken, (and) We had picked up trash We left the campsite, (before) It started raining They were putting up the tent, (when) 6.1 get my parents' permission I will go out with my friends, (after) The weather was bad We were on holiday last month, (when) 8.1 will call my mom I get the result, (as soon as) It rains My father usually drives me to school, (when) 10 Jack can't play games He finishes his homework, (before) Exercise Choose the correct answers The train arrived while/as soon as Elie was having lunch Because/Although the water is very cold in January, they go swimming anyway My father goes jogging every morning before/after he gets ready for work 4.1 learned a lot about wildlife until/after I visited Cue Phuong National Park yesterday You should wait here when /until your parents come back After /Before the party, there was a lot of food left My sister was sleeping when/while I was studying for the test last night As soon as/While I left home for school, It rained heavily 9.1 usually drink a glass of warm milk until/before I go to bed 10 Who takes care of the baby when/after your mother is away? Exercise Fill in the blanks with the correct form of the verb in brackets The air and water quality (get) worse and worse We can even (reduce) _our carbon footprint in our homes Try to avoid (use) single-use products People can volunteer at some local environment programmes (save) _endangered species Should we (recycle) _unused products? Forests help (release) _oxygen 7.1 (not be) at school yesterday because I (have) _the flu As soon as my parents arrive home, we (have) _dinner Don't forget (turn) _off the lights before you (go) _out 10 More than billion people (participate) _in Earth Day activities every year Exercise Complete sentences with a suitable preposition The first Earth Day started _1970 _America Picking _litter makes our environment clean National parks play a key role _saving the environment What type of effect does water pollution have our life? Forests provide a habitat _hundreds of species _plants and animals Endangered animals in the wild are facing a high risk extinction After cleaning _everything _the campsite, we left We shouldn't cut too many trees Avoid dumping waste _lakes and rivers! 10 Remember to turn _devices when you are not using them Exercise Choose the correct answers Land pollution is responsible for damage done _natural habitat of animals A with B for c.to D of Americans throw twenty-eight and a half million tons of plastic in landfills every year A in B at c.to D away Scientists have come up new ways of saving energy A with B on c to D out Thousands of people were exposed radiation when the nuclear plant exploded A in B at c to D away Waste water from many factories which is dumped _water bodies directly causes water pollution A on B into c out D by _fumes from these vehicles are serious air pollutants A Poisonously B Poison c Poisonous D Poisons _thermal pollution happens, the water temperature in streams, rivers, lakes, or oceans changes A Until B When c Before D As soon as Air pollution occurs when the atmosphere contains gases, dust, or fumes in _amounts A unharmed B harmless c harm D harmful When radiation goes into the land, air or water, it is called radioactive _ A pollution B polluted c pollutants D polluting 10 Too much use of electric lights in cities may light pollution A go B result c cause D lead