CẤU TRÚC IF Câu điều kiện loại Cấu trúc: If + S + V1(hiện tại), S + V2(hiện tại) Cách dùng: Diễn tả thói quen hành động thường xuyên xảy điều kiện đáp ứng diễn tả chân lý, thật hiển nhiên Ví dụ: – If the weather is good, I usually cycle in the morning (Nếu thời tiết tốt thường đạp xe vào buổi sáng) – If I wake up late, I am late for work (Nếu thức dậy trễ tơi trễ làm) Chú ý Cả hai mệnh đề HTĐ If đứng đầu cuối câu Câu điều kiện loại Câu điều kiện loại I câu điều kiện có thực Điều kiện xảy tương lai Cấu trúc: If + S + V(s,es), S + Will/Can/shall…… + V, đó:  If clause: If + S + V s(es)…  Main clause: S + will / can/ may + V1 (won’t/can’t + VI) Trong câu điều kiện loại 1, mệnh đề IF dùng đơn, mệnh đề dùng tương lai đơn Lưu ý:  S1 S2 giống Tùy vào ý nghĩa câu mà có bổ ngữ khơng Hai mệnh đề tráo đổi vị trí cho  Trong câu điều kiện loại I, động từ mệnh đề điều kiện chia đơn, cịn động từ mệnh đề chia tương lai đơn Ví dụ:  If I find her address, I’ll send her an invitation ( Nếu tơi tìm địa cô ấy, gửi lời mời tới ấy) => Đổi vị trí mệnh đề quan hệ: I will send her an invitation if I find her address.) Câu điều kiện loại Câu điều kiện loại câu điều kiện trái với thực tế Cấu trúc: If + S + V2/ Ved, S +would/ Could/ Should…+ V Trong đó:  If clause: If + S + V-ed /V2…  Main clause: S + would / could / should + V1 (wouldn’t / couldn’t + V1) Trong câu điều kiện loại II, động từ mệnh đề điều kiện chia past subjunctive Động từ mệnh đề chia điều kiện (simple conditional) Trong đó, Past subjunctive hình thức chia động từ giống khư đơn Với động từ “to be” dùng “were” cho tất ngơi Ví dục: If I had a million USD, I would buy a Ferrari (Nếu tơi có triệu la, tơi mua xe đó.) nghĩa tơi khơng có Câu điều kiện loại Cấu trúc: If + S + Had + V(pp)/Ved, S + would/ could…+ have + V(pp)/Ved Trong đó:  If clause: lf +S + had + P.P  Main clause: S + would / could / should + have + P.P Câu điều kiện loại câu điều kiện khơng có thực q khứ Điều kiện xảy khứ, mang tính ước muốn khứ, giả thiết trái ngược với thực trạng khứ Trong câu điều kiện loại III, mệnh đề điều kiện động từ chia khứ phân từ Ở mệnh đề động từ chia điều kiện hồn thành (perfect conditional)  If the forwards had run faster, they would have scored more goals (Nếu tiền đạo chạy nhanh hơn, họ ghi nhiều bàn thắng hơn.)  If it had been a home game, our team would have won the match (Nếu trận đấu sân nhà, đội thắng.) Các trường hợp khác với mệnh đề if Unless = If…not (nếu… không) Ví dụ: If you don’t study hard, you can’t pass the exam = Unless you work hard, you can’t pass the exam Bài tập Exercise 1: Put the verbs in brackets into the correct form: If I see him, I _ (give ) him a gift If I had a typewriter, I _ (type) it myself If I had known that you were in the hospital, I _ (visit) you You could make better progress if you _ (attend) class regularly If I _ (know) his telephone number, I’d give it to you If you _ (arrive) ten minutes earlier, you would have got a seat If he worked more slowly, he _ (not make) so many mistakes I shouldn’t drink that wine if I _ (be) you If I _ (find) a cheap room, I will stay a fortnight 10 A lot of people _ (be) out of work if the factory closed down Exercise 2: Make conditional sentences: Keep silent or you’ll wake the baby up →If …………………………………………… … ……… Stop talking or you won’t understand the lesson.→ If …………………………………… ….…… I don’t know her number, so I don’t ring her up.→ If …………………………………… ….…… I don’t know the answer, so I can’t tell you.→ If …………………………………………….……… We got lost because we didn’t have a map.→ If …………………………………….…… …….…… Susan felt sick because she ate four cream cakes →…………………………………………… …… Without this treatment, the patient would have died →……………………………………….….… He lost his job because he was late every day →……………………………………………… …… Peter is fat because he eats so many chips →…………………………………………………… … 10 Robert got a bad cough because he started smoking cigarettes →……………………………… … Bài tập 1: Chọn đáp án I would have visited you before if there _ quite a lot of people in your house A hadn’t B hadn’t been C wouldn’t be D wasn’t If you had caught the bus, you _ late for work A wouldn’t have been B would have been C wouldn’t be D would be If I _, I would express my feelings A were asked B would ask C had been asked D asked If _ as I told her, she would have succeeded A she has done B she had done C she does D she did Will you be angry if I _ your pocket dictionary? A stole B have stolen C were to steal D steal You made a mistake by telling her a lie It _ better if you _ to her A would have been/hadn’t lied B would be / didn’t lie C will be / don’t lie D would be / hadn’t lied John would be taking a great risk if he _ his money in that business A would invest B invested C had invested D invests She wouldn’t have given them all that money if we _ her to A wouldn’t advise B won’t advise C hadn’t advised D didn’t advise If the tree hadn’t been so high, he _ it up to take his kite down A could have climbed B climb C is climbing D climbed 10 If the wall weren’t so high, he _ it up to take his ball down A climbed B could climb C is climbing D climb Bài tập 2: Dùng câu điều kiện lớp viết lại câu sau She doesn’t live in London because she doesn’t know anyone there I don’t have a spare ticket I can’t take you to the concert The schoolchildren sowed some seeds, but they forgot to water them so they didn’t grow They don’t understand the problem They won’t find a solution 5 Carol didn’t answer the phone because she was studying Kathy is exhausted today because she didn’t get any sleep last night He can’t park near his office; that’s why he doesn’t come by car The flats are not clearly numbered, so it is very difficult to find anyone I don’t know her email address, so I can’t tell you 10 She works in the evening She has no time to play with her children Bài tập 3: Điền vào chỗ trống Unless you (tell) the truth, I won’t help you You’ll get pneumonia if you (not change) _ your wet clothes If I had known that you couldn’t eat octopus, I (not buy) _ it If they (hang) _ that picture lower, people would be able to see it She (be) _able to walk faster if she didn’t have such high-heel shoes I (bring) _ you some beer if I had known that you were thirsty If you had touched that electric cable, you (be) _ electrocuted If the story hadn’t been true, the newspaper (not print) _ it I (not buy) _ things on the installment system if I were you 10 Dan (arrive) _ safe if he drove slowly Bài tập 4: Dùng câu điều kiện lớp hoàn thành câu sau Keep silent or you’ll wake the baby up → If……………………………………… ….……………… I don’t know her number, so I don’t ring her up →If……………………………………… ….…… Stop talking or you won’t understand the lesson.→ If……………………………………… ….… 4 We got lost because we didn’t have a map.→ If …………………………………….…… …….… I don’t know the answer, so I can’t tell you.→ If …………………………………………….……… Without this treatment, the patient would have died →……………………………………….…… Susan felt sick because she ate four cream cakes →…………………………………………… Peter is fat because he eats so many chips →…………………………………………………… He lost his job because he was late every day →………………………………………………… 10 Robert got a bad cough because he started smoking cigarettes →…………………………… ĐỀ - THỜI GIAN 60 PHÚT A GRAMMAR - VOCABULARY: I Choose the best option A, B, C or D which best completes or responds to each sentence If the weather worse, we won’t go to the beach A gets B will get C got D would get Did Peter use to .swimming every Friday when he was a student? A went B goes C going D go Let's go to the movie, .? A we B don't we we C shall we D shalln't The roses he gave me are very beautiful A.who B where C which D when Mary wishes her mother here now A was B were C will be D would be Would you mind if I in here? A smoking smoked B to smoke C smoke D Are you fond of .this film? A watching watches B watch C to watch D He laughed .when he was watching "Tom and Jerry" on TV A happy B happily C happiness D unhappy Almost all the tourists are really by the beauty of Hue A excited B fond C interested D impressed 10 Peter: “Why don’t we go for a picnic tomorrow?” - Jane: “ ” A Yes, please B You’re so kind don’t C That’s a good idea D We 11 This building in 1980 A built B builds C was built D is built 12.What would you do, if you a UFO? A see B saw C would see D had seen 13 Mr Long said that he in Ho Chi Minh City A lived B is living C has lived D will live 14 She was sick yesterday, she was absent from school A since B so C because D But 15 I suggest a shortcut through the park It’ll take much less time A take B to take C taking D took II Match the sentences in column A to the suitable ones in column B 16 I’ve passed the exam a That’s a good idea! 17 How about going to the cinema tonight? b You are welcome 18 You look very beautiful today! 19 Thank you for your help 20 Would you like some coffee? c I hope so d No, thanks e Congratulations f It’s nice of you to say so III Give the correct form of the word or the verb 21 It is an Film (INTEREST) 22 You must be when you open the door (CARE) 23 Everybody loves her because she is so (FRIEND) 24 Computers are used all over the world (WIDE) 25 There are many .beaches in Nha Trang (BEAUTY) B READING I Write a word to complete the following passage: English (26) .a very useful language If we know English, we can go to any countries we like We will not (27) it hard to make people understand what we want to say English also helps us to learn all kinds of subjects Hundreds of books are (28) .in English everyday in many countries English also helps to spread ideas and knowledge in all corners (29) the world Therefore, the English language has helped to spread better understanding (30) friendliness among the countries of the world II Read the text and answer the questions Last year, we had a nice holiday My friend and I went to the seaside for a month I had been to the seaside several times before, but this was the first time for my friend Naturally, it was a great event for him Finally, the day came It was a fine morning We got up very early because we wanted to leave home after breakfast We made the journey by car We reached the seaside at noon We spent many hours on the beach We enjoyed making castles and channels in the sand People said we ought to spend at least a few weeks at the seaside If we could stay longer, so much the better 31 How long did the writer and his friends spend at the seaside? 32 Who went to the seaside the first time? 33 Did they get up early in order to leave home after breakfast? 34 How did they travel to the seaside? 35 When did they reach the seaside? C WRITING I Finish each of the following sentences in a such way that is a similar as possible in meaning to the original sentence (1,5pts) 36 They have just produced a new kind of plants => A new kind of plants 37 She doesn’t work hard, so she can’t pass the exam => If 38 The last time I saw her was in 2000 => I haven’t 39 She doesn’t have enough money to buy that house => She wishes 40 Lan said “I will be very busy tomorrow.” => Lan II Write correct sentences to make a complete letter: Dear Sir, 41 I / see / Institute’s advertisement / Today’s TV program yesterday 42 I / be /interested / learn / English 43 I / like / information / your institute 44 you / please / send / information / length / courses / fees / beginners ? 45 I / look/ forward / hear / you Sincerely, Tom Baker