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Nuclear medicine technology procedures and quick reference là tư luiejeu tham khảo và học tập của sinh viên đại học Y dược TPHCM. Được thực hiện và hoàn thành trong thời gian thực tập tại bệnh viện chợ rẫy năm 2020. Bao gồm 590 trang, là kiến thức tổng hợp Nuclear medicine technology procedures and quick reference. Sau nhiều năm lưu giữ, hôm nay xin hân hạnh được chia sẻ cho các bạn học chuyên ngành kỹ thuật hình ảnh khoa Y tham khảo.
LWBK942-FM.qxd 6/25/11 8:45 AM Page x 10766-00_FM-rev.qxd 12/3/07 3:58 PM Page i Nuclear Medicine Technology: Procedures and Quick Reference Second Edition Pete Shackett, BA, ARRT[N], CNMT 10766-00_FM-rev.qxd 12/3/07 3:58 PM Page ii Acquisitions Editor: Peter Sabatini Managing Editor: Andrea M Klingler Marketing Manager: Allison Noplock Production Editor: Sally Anne Glover Designer: Risa J Clow Compositor: Circle Graphics, Inc Second Edition Copyright © 2009, 2000 Pete Shackett 351 West Camden Street Baltimore, MD 21201 530 Walnut Street Philadelphia, PA 19106 Printed in the United States of America All rights reserved This book is protected by copyright No part of this book may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, including as photocopies or scanned-in or other electronic copies, or utilized by any information storage and retrieval system without written permission from the copyright owner, except for brief quotations embodied in critical articles and reviews Materials appearing in this book prepared by individuals as part of their official duties as U.S government employees are not covered by the above-mentioned copyright To request permission, please contact Lippincott Williams & Wilkins at 530 Walnut Street, Philadelphia, PA 19106, via email at permissions@lww.com, or via website at lww.com (products and services) Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Shackett, Pete Nuclear medicine technology : procedures and quick reference / Pete Shackett.—2nd ed p ; cm Includes bibliographical references and index ISBN-13: 978-0-7817-7450-5 ISBN-10: 0-7817-7450-0 Radioisotope scanning—Handbooks, manuals, etc I Title [DNLM: Radionuclide Imaging—methods—Handbooks Radiopharmaceuticals— Handbooks WN 39 S524n 2009] RC78.7.R4S48 2009 616.07'575—dc22 2007036323 DISCLAIMER Care has been taken to confirm the accuracy of the information present and to describe generally accepted practices However, the author, editors, and publisher are not responsible for errors or omissions or for any consequences from application of the information in this book and make no warranty, expressed or implied, with respect to the currency, completeness, or accuracy of the contents of the publication Application of this information in a particular situation remains the professional responsibility of the practitioner; the clinical treatments described and recommended may not be considered absolute and universal recommendations The author, editors, and publisher have exerted every effort to ensure that drug selection and dosage set forth in this text are in accordance with the current recommendations and practice at the time of publication However, in view of ongoing research, changes in government regulations, and the constant flow of information relating to drug therapy and drug reactions, the reader is urged to check the package insert for each drug for any change in indications and dosage and for added warnings and precautions This is particularly important when the recommended agent is a new or infrequently employed drug Some drugs and medical devices presented in this publication have Food and Drug Administration (FDA) clearance for limited use in restricted research settings It is the responsibility of the health care provider to ascertain the FDA status of each drug or device planned for use in their clinical practice To purchase additional copies of this book, call our customer service department at (800) 638-3030 or fax orders to (301) 223-2320 International customers should call (301) 223-2300 Visit Lippincott Williams & Wilkins on the Internet: http://www.lww.com Lippincott Williams & Wilkins customer service representatives are available from 8:30 am to 6:00 pm, EST 10766-00_FM-rev.qxd 12/3/07 3:58 PM Page iii ABOUT THE AUTHOR Pete Shackett was born and raised in Newport, New Hampshire In 1970, Pete received a Bachelor of Arts degree in Biology from Plymouth State College of the University of New Hampshire in Plymouth, New Hampshire While studying under Dr Mary Bilheimer, he received a science essay award for a treatise entitled “The Sanitary Significance of Fecal Coliforms in the Environment.” From 1970 to 1996, Pete pursued a career in music, publishing an album of all original music in 1988 entitled “Grouper Republic.” In 1994, he resumed study at Hillsborough Community College, majoring in Nuclear Medicine under the direction and guidance of Dr Max Lombardi During his tenure as a student, he wrote a disquisition entitled “99mTc-tetrofosmin: The Efficacy and Significance of a New Myocardial Perfusion Radiopharmaceutical.” The paper and presentation won an award at the Florida Nuclear Medicine Technologist conference in 1996 and was accepted for publication in the Journal of Nuclear Medicine Technology Pete graduated with high honors in 1996, earning the Award for Academic Excellence in Nuclear Medicine from Hillsborough Community College Lippincott Williams & Wilkins received a copy of the original manuscript for Nuclear Medicine Technology: Procedures and Quick Reference in 1998 The first edition of the book was published in 2000 Since then, Pete has continued to assimilate information, ideas, and experience in the field of nuclear medicine Pete Shackett presently resides, plays music, and practices nuclear medicine out of the Tampa Bay area in Florida iii 10766-00_FM-rev.qxd 12/3/07 3:58 PM Page iv Dedication A true definition of devotion is when they weather the storm yet again That said, I would like to dedicate the second edition to my lovely wife, Carolyn, and again to our canine gatekeeper and lifemate, Brandy They bring the genuine meaning of happiness home In loving memory of my parents, Bertha and Wilfard Shackett I would also like to extend a debt of gratitude and appreciation to my immediate family: Robert Shackett, Virginia Garrity, William Shackett, David Shackett, posthumously to Winifred (Dolly) Duhaime, to Carolyn’s brother, Donald Howe, and posthumously to her parents, Pauline and Viley Howe iv 10766-00_FM-rev.qxd 12/3/07 3:58 PM Page v ACKNOWLEDGMENTS A special expression of gratitude and deepest respect to Dr Max H Lombardi, Director of Nuclear Medicine Technology (Retired), Hillsborough Community College, Tampa, Florida, for the opportunity of knowledge, encouragement, inspiration, and assistance I would also like to thank Mr Bud Rogers, CNMT, past Chief Technologist, Bayfront Medical Center, St Petersburg, Florida, now owner and operator of the Advanced Nuclear Imaging mobile unit Also, thank you to the many technologists, students, nurses, and physicians who contributed opinions and information during the development of the original manual and this second edition I would also like to honor and thank posthumously Dr Mary G Bilheimer for her understanding and contributions to my education at the then-named Plymouth State College of the University of New Hampshire (now Plymouth State University) Thanks to the following for donating their language translation expertise: Patrick DelMastro (Italian); Ania Lipska (Polish); Max Lombardi (Spanish, Portuguese, Italian); Joe Vuu (Mandarin Chinese); Victoria Russell, USF (Spanish); Shengrong Cai, USF (Mandarin Chinese); and Irshat Madyarov, USF (Russian) Special thanks also go to the incredibly helpful radiologists of Pasadena Radiologist Associates, PA, St Petersburg, Florida, for their many years of information (thinking out loud for me) and support (Drs Greg Arterburn, Kit Clarke, Ronnie Pollack, and, despite his reluctance to discuss nuclear medicine, Brian Cornnell) Thanks also to Carol Bonanno and Andrew Friden, Cytogen Prostascint; George Gonzales, West Coast Imaging of Clearwater, Florida, for PET information; Victoria Russell, USF Language Department, Tampa, Florida, for assistance and enlisting assistance at the University for language updates; Denise Merlino of the SNM for assistance with coding; Barbara J Ossias, Reimbursement Revenue Solutions, LLC; Dale Walkey Partners Imaging Center of Sarasota, Sarasota, Florida, for PET information; Skip Watkins of Shared PET Imaging of Florida; the program directors that contributed ideas and opinions during the development of the second edition, including Nancy Clifton, Larry Gibson, Lorenzo Harrison, Max Lombardi, and Jasmin Trunzo And thanks to the many students of Nuclear Medicine Technology that contributed ideas to the first and second editions of this book Considerations and thanks are given to the many physicians, technologists, and nursing staff too numerous to mention at the various institutions for their continuing assistance, instruction, suggestions, observations, and insight None were forgotten and all very much appreciated Sincere appreciation is extended to those who made it obvious that they had little or no interest or enthusiasm for this project Because of or despite their criticism, they challenged me to be stronger, more focused and determined, and to find better sources and solutions Everyone, it seems, can serve a useful purpose v 10766-00_FM-rev.qxd 12/3/07 3:58 PM Page vi DISCLAIMER This manual is intended to be the clinician’s book It is an amalgamation of protocols from many institutions, technologists’ experiences, physicians’ input, and written resources It is to serve only as a guide in the performance of the procedures listed Specific department protocols should always be followed as written when available The manual is not intended to be the consummate and quintessential encyclopedia of nuclear medicine The scope of the manual covers the basic data needed for most routine imaging and includes a reference section of peripheral material utilized on a daily basis by many personnel (not only nuclear medicine) within the hospital and clinic settings Tables, charts, and data are incorporated that are usually difficult to find quickly or in any one source These may be of use to departments, students, physicians’ reading rooms, various diagnostic technicians, and nursing stations A list of references is included that were used in the collation of this material in hopes that the readers will pursue them for more specific information If there is ever a question, without question, discuss it with your radiologist or nuclear physician vi 10766-00_FM-rev.qxd 12/3/07 3:58 PM Page vii TABLE OF CONTENTS About the Author iii Dedication iv Acknowledgments v Disclaimer vi SECTION ONE SCANS Adrenocortical Scan Adrenal Medulla: Pheochromocytoma Scan (mIBG) Angiography 13 Bone Density (Densitometry) 17 Bone Marrow Study 23 Bone Scan (Skeletal Imaging) Brain Scan/Death (Brain Flow) 28 36 Brain SPECT (Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography) 41 Breath Test for H pylori: PYtest® C-14 Urea Breath Test (UBT) 47 10 Cardiac: Gated First-Pass Study (First-Transit Radionuclide Angiocardiography) 51 56 62 66 71 79 11 Cardiac: MUGA and MUGA-X (Stress MUGA) 12 Cardiac: Myocardial Infarction (MI) Scan 13 Cardiac: Resting Study (Perfusion) 14 Cardiac: Stress Test (Perfusion) 15 Cisternography 16 Cystography (Voiding Cystourethrogram): Direct and Indirect 84 17 Dacryoscintigraphy (Lacrimal Study) 18 DVT (Deep Venous Thrombosis): Venography 19 Esophageal Transit Time 20 Gallium Scan 89 94 100 104 21 Gastric Emptying (Solid and Liquid) 22 Gastroesophageal Reflux 23 Gastrointestinal Bleed 110 116 120 24 HIDA (Hepatobiliary or Gallbladder) Scan 25 LeVeen or Denver Shunt Patency 125 134 vii 10766-00_FM-rev.qxd 12/3/07 3:58 PM Page viii Table of Contents 26 Liver SPECT (Hepatic Hemangioma) 138 27 Liver/Spleen Scan 142 28 Lung Perfusion and Quantitation 148 29 Lung Transmission (and Transmission Imaging) 156 30 Lung Ventilation: Gas and Aerosol 160 31 Lymphoscintigraphy (Lymphangiogram) 166 32 Meckel’s Diverticulum 173 33 NeutroSpec®: Radioimmunoscintigraphy (RIS) for Infection 178 34 OctreoScan® 182 35 Parathyroid Scan 188 36 Positron Emission Tomography (PET): An Overview 196 37 PET: Brain Imaging 18F-FDG 205 38 PET: Cardiac Perfusion and Viability 212 39 PET: Whole Body (Tumor) Imaging 18F-FDG and PET/CT 222 40 ProstaScint® Scan (Radioimmunoscintigraphy [RIS]) 231 41 Red Blood Cell Studies: Plasma Volume, Red Blood Cell Volume, Red Blood Cell Survival, and Splenic Sequestration 238 42 Renal: Cortical Imaging (99mTc-DMSA) 244 43 Renal: Renogram, Diuretic, and Captopril: Tubular Function, ERPF, and GFR 44 Salivary Gland Imaging 45 Schilling Test 249 259 263 46 Scintimammography 268 47 SPECT (Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography) Imaging and Hybrid Imaging Overview 274 48 Testicular Scan 283 49 Therapy: BEXXAR® (Radioimmunotherapy: RIT for B-cell non-Hodgkin’s Lymphoma) 287 50 Therapy: Bone Pain (Palliation) 293 51 Therapy: Intra-articular (Joint); Synovectomy 299 52 Therapy: Intracavitary (Serosal) 304 53 Therapy: Polycythemia Vera 309 54 Therapy: Zevalin® (Radioimmunotherapy for B-cell non-Hodgkin’s Lymphoma) 313 viii 10766-74_References.qxd 12/3/07 5:49 PM Page 562 10766-75_Trademark.qxd 12/3/07 5:50 PM Page 563 ACKNOWLEDGMENT OF TRADEMARKS Accupril® is a registered trademark of Parke-Davis, Morris Plains, NJ Accuretic® is a registered trademark of Parke-Davis, Morris Plains, NJ Aceon Tablets® is a registered trademark of Solvay Pharmaceuticals, In., Mariett, GA Aciphex® is a registered trademark of Eisai, Inc., Teaneck, NJ Actonel® is a registered trademark of Proctor & Gamble, Cincinnati, OH Adalat® is a registered trademark of Miles, Inc., West Haven, CT Adenocard® is a registered trademark of Fujisawa Healthcare, Inc., Deerfield, IL Aggrastat® is a registered trademark of Merck and Company, Inc., West Point, PA Altace® is a registered trademark of Hoechst-Roussel Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Somerville, NJ Angiomax® is a registered trademark of The Medicine Company, Parsippany, NJ Aredia® is a registered trademark of Novartis Pharmaceutical Corporation, Summit, NJ Argatroban® is a registered trademark of GlaxoSmithKline, Research Triangle Park, NC Arixtra® is a registered trademark of Sandofi-Synthelabo, New York, NY Atacand® is a registered trademark of AstraZeneca LP, Wilmington, DE Ativan® is a registered trademark of Wyeth-Ayerst Laboratories, Philadelphia, PA Avapro® is a registered trademark of Sandofi-Synthelabo, New York, NY Avalide® is a registered trademark of Sandofi-Synthelabo, New York, NY Axid® is a registered trademark of Whitehall-Robins Laboratories, New York, NY Benadryl® is a registered trademark of Parke-Davis, Morris Plains, NJ Benicar® is a registered trademark of Forest Pharmaceuticals, Inc., St Louis, MO Bexxar® is a registered trademark of Corixa Corporation, South San Francisco, CA and GlaxoSmithKline, Philadelphia, PA Betadine® is a registered trademark of Purdue Fredrick Co., Norwalk, CT Blocadren® is a registered trademark of Merck, Sharp, & Dohme, West Point, PA Boniva® is a registered trademark of Roche Laboratories, Nutley, NJ Brevibloc® is a registered trademark of Du Pont Pharmaceuticals, Wilmington, DE Calan® is a registered trademark of G.D Searle & Co., Chicago, IL Calcimar® is a registered trademark of Aventis Pharmaceuticals, Parsippany, NJ Capoten® is a registered trademark of E.R Squibb & Sons, Inc., Princeton, NJ Capozide® is a registered trademark of E.R Squibb & Sons, Inc., Princeton, NJ Cardene® is a registered trademark of Syntex Laboratories, Inc., Palo Alto, CA Cardiogen® is a registered trademark of Bracco Diagnostics, Inc, Princeton, NJ Cardiolite® is a registered trademark of DuPont Pharmaceuticals, Wilmington, DE Cardizem® is a registered trademark of Marion Merrell Dow Inc., Kansas City, MO Cartrol® is a registered trademark of Abbott Laboratories, North Chicago, IL CEA - Scan® is a registered trademark of Immunomedics, Inc., Morris Plains, NJ Centrax® is a registered trademark of Parke-Davis, Morris Plains, NJ Ceretec® is a registered trademark of Amersham International plc - Amersham, UK Choletec® is a registered trademark of Bracco Diagnostics, Inc., Princeton, NJ CLOtest® is a registered trademark of Tri-Med Specialties, Inc., Lenexa, KS Conray® is a registered trademark of Mallinckrodt Medical, Inc., St Louis, MO Corgard® is a registered trademark of Bristol Laboratories, Evansville, IN Coumadin® is a registered trademark of Bristol-Meyers Squibb, Princeton, NJ Cozaar® is a registered trademark of Merck, Sharp, & Dohme, West Point, PA Cytomel® is a registered trademark of SmithKline Beecham Pharmaceuticals, Philadelphia, PA Dalmane® is a registered trademark of Roche Laboratories, Nutley, NJ Demerol® is a registered trademark of Sanofi Winthrop Pharmaceuticals, New York, NY Diamox® is a registered trademark of Lederle Laboratories, Wayne, NJ Didronel® is a registered trademark of Proctor & Gamble, Cincinnati, OH Dilaudid® is a registered trademark of Knoll Pharmaceuticals, Whippany, NJ Diovan® is a registered trademark of Novartis Consumer Health, Summit, NJ Dobutrex® is a registered trademark of Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, IN Doral® is a registered trademark of Wallace Laboratories, Cranbury, NJ Dulcolax® is a registered trademark of CIBA Consumer Pharmaceuticals, Edison, NJ DynaCirc® is a registered trademark of Sandoz Pharmaceuticals, East Hanover, NJ Elixophyllin® is a registered trademark of Forest Pharmaceuticals, Inc., St Louis, MO Evista® is a registered trademark of Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, IN Excel® is a registered trademark of Microsoft Corporation 563 10766-75_Trademark.qxd 12/3/07 5:50 PM Page 564 NUCLEAR MEDICINE TECHNOLOGY: Procedures and Quick Reference Fleet Kit® is a registered trademark of C.B Fleet Co., Inc., Lynchburg, VA Forteo® is a registered trademark of Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, IN Fortical® is a registered trademark of Usher-Smith Laboratories, Minneapolis, MN Fosamax® is a registered trademark of Merck, Sharp, & Dohme, West Point, PA Fragmin® is a registered trademark of Pfizer, Inc., New York, NY Gelusil® is a registered trademark of Warner-Lambert Co., Morris Plains, NJ Glofil® is a registered trademark of Questcor Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Hayward, CA Gluceptate® is a registered trademark of Mallinckrodt Medical, Inc., St Louis, MO Halcyon® is a registered trademark of The Upjohn Company, Kalamazoo, MI Hepatolite® is a registered trademark of Mallinckrodt Medical, Inc., St Louis, MO Hyzaar® is a registered trademark of Merck, Sharp, & Dohme, West Point, PA Inderal® is a registered trademark of Wyeth-Ayerst Laboratories, Philadelphia, PA Inderide® is a registered trademark of Wyeth-Ayerst Laboratories, Philadelphia, PA Innohep® is a registered trademark of Pharmion, Boulder, CO Iprivask® is a registered trademark of Canyon Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Hunt Valley, MD Isoptin® is a registered trademark of Knoll Pharmaceuticals, Whippany, NJ Kerlone® is a registered trademark of G.D Searle & Co., Chicago, IL Kinevac® is a registered trademark of Bracco Diagnostics, Inc., Princeton, NJ Klonopin® is a registered trademark of Roche Laboratories, Nutley, NJ Lanoxin® is a registered trademark of GlaxoSmithKline, Research Triangle Park, NC Lasix® is a registered trademark of Hoechst-Roussel Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Somerville, NJ Levatol® is a registered trademark of Reed & Carnrick, Jersey City, NJ Lexxel® is a registered trademark of AstraZeneca LP, Wilmington, DE Librium® is a registered trademark of Roche Laboratories, Nutley, NJ Lopressor® is a registered trademark of Geigy Pharmaceuticals, Ardsley, NY Lotensin® is a registered trademark of CIBA Consumer Pharmaceuticals, Edison, NJ Lotrel® is a registered trademark of Novartis Consumer Health, Summit, NJ Lovenox® is a registered trademark of Sanofi Aventis, New York, NY Maalox® is a registered trademark of CIBA Consumer Pharmaceuticals, Edison, NJ MAG3® is a registered trademark of Mallinckrodt Medical, Inc., St Louis, MO Mavik® is a registered trademark of Abbott Laboratories, Inc., North Chicago, IL Metamucil® is a registered trademark of Proctor & Gamble, Cincinnati, OH Metastron® is a registered trademark of Amersham International plc - Amersham, UK Miacalcin® is a registered trademark of Novartis Pharmaceutical Corporation, Summit, NJ Microlite® is a registered trademark of DuPont Merck, Wilmington, DE Micardis® is a registered trademark of Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Ridgefield, CT MiralumaJ is a trademark of DuPont Merck, Wilmington, DE Monopril® is a registered trademark of Mead Johnson Pharmaceuticals, Evansville, IN Mylanta® is a registered trademark of Merck & Co., Inc., Fort Washington, PA Myoview® is a registered trademark of Amersham International plc - Amersham, UK NeoTect® is a registered trademark of Diatide, Inc., Londonderry, N.H Neurolite® is a registered trademark of DuPont Merck, Wilmington, DE NeutroSpec® is a trademark of Palatin Technologies, Inc Cranbury, NJ Nexium® is a registered trademark of AstraZeneca LP, Wilmington, DE Nimotop® is a registered trademark of Miles, Inc., West Haven, CT Normiflo® is a registered trademark of Wyeth-Ayerst Laboratories, Philadelphia, PA Normozide® is a registered trademark of Schering Corporation, Kenilworth, NJ OctreoScan® is a registered trademark of Mallinckrodt Medical, Inc., St Louis, MO Orgaran® is a registered trademark of Organon, Roseland, NJ Osteolite® is a registered trademark of DuPont Merck, Wilmington, DE Paxipam® is a registered trademark of Schering Corporation, Kenilworth, NJ PDR® is a registered trademark of Medical Economics Company, Montvale, NJ Plavix® is a registered trademark of Sandofi-Synthelabo, New York, NY Prefest ® is a registered trademark of Ortho-McNeil Pharmaceutical, Raritan, NJ Premphase® is a registered trademark of Wyeth-Ayerst Laboratories, Philadelphia, PA Prempro® is a trademark of Wyeth Pharmaceuticals, Philadelphia, PA Pepcid® is a registered trademark of Merck & Co., Inc., Fort Washington, PA Peptavlon® is a registered trademark of Wyeth-Ayerst Laboratories, Philadelphia, PA Pepto-Bismol® is a registered trademark of Proctor & Gamble, Cincinnati, OH 564 10766-75_Trademark.qxd 12/3/07 5:50 PM Page 565 Acknowledgment of Trademarks Persantine® is a registered trademark of Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Ridgefield, CT Plendil® is a registered trademark of Merck, Sharp, & Dohme, West Point, PA Prevacid® is a registered trademark of TAP, Deerfield, Il Prilosec® is a registered trademark of Merck, Sharp, & Dohme, West Point, PA Prinivil® is a registered trademark of Merck, Sharp, & Dohme, West Point, PA Prinzide® is a registered trademark of Merck, Sharp, & Dohme, West Point, PA Procardia® is a registered trademark of Pfizer Labs Division, New York, NY ProstaScint® is a registered trademark of Cytogen Corporation, Princeton, NJ Protonix® is a registered trademark of Wyeth Pharmaceuticals, Philadelphia, PA Proventil® is a registered trademark of Schering Corporation, Kenilworth, NJ Pulmocare® is a registered trademark of Ross Laboratories, Columbus, OH Pulmolite® is a registered trademark of DuPont Merck, Wilmington, DE Pulmonex® is a registered trademark of Atomic Products, Center Moriches,NY Pyrolite® is a registered trademark of DuPont Merck, Wilmington, DE Pytest7 is a registered trademark of Tri-Med Specialties, Inc., Lenexa, KS Quadramet® is a registered trademark of Cytogen Corporation, Princeton, NJ Quibron® is a registered trademark of Bristol Laboratories, Evansville, IN Reglan® is a registered trademark of A H Robbins Company, Richmond, VA Reo-Pro® is a registered trademark of Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, IN Restoril® is a registered trademark of Sandoz Pharmaceuticals, East Hanover, NJ Rolaids® is a registered trademark of Warner-Lambert Co., Morris Plains, NJ Sectral® is a registered trademark of Wyeth-Ayerst Laboratories, Philadelphia, PA Serax® is a registered trademark of Wyeth-Ayerst Laboratories, Philadelphia, PA Slo-phyllin® is a registered trademark of Rhơne-Poulenc Rorer Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Collegeville, PA Synthroid® is a registered trademark of Boots Laboratories, Lincolnshire, IL Tagamet® is a registered trademark of SmithKline Beecham Pharmaceuticals, Pittsburgh, PA Tarka® is a registered trademark of Abbott Laboratories, Inc., North Chicago, IL Tenoretic Tablets® is a registered trademark of ICI Pharma, Wilmington, DE Tenormin® is a registered trademark of ICI Pharma, Wilmington, DE Teveten® is a registered trademark of Solvay Pharmaceuticals, In., Marietta, GA Theo-Dur® is a registered trademark of Key Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Kenilworth, NJ Thyrogen® is a registered trademark of Genzyme Therapeutics, Cambridge, MA Ticlid® is a registered trademark of Roche Pharmaceuticals, Nutley, NJ Timolide Tablets® is a registered trademark of Merck, Sharp, & Dohme, West Point, PA Tums® is a registered trademark of SmithKline Beecham Pharmaceuticals, Pittsburgh, PA UltraTag® is a registered trademark of Mallinckrodt Medical, Inc., St Louis, MO Uniretic® is a registered trademark of Schwartz Pharma, Inc., Mequon, WI Univasc® is a registered trademark of Schwartz Pharma, Inc., Mequon, WI Valium® is a registered trademark of Roche Laboratories, Nutley, NJ Vascor® is a registered trademark of Wallace Laboratories, Cranbury, NJ Vaseretic® is a registered trademark of Merck, Sharp, & Dohme, West Point, PA Vasotec® is a registered trademark of Merck, Sharp, & Dohme, West Point, PA Viagra® is a registered trademark of Pfizer, Inc., New York, NY Visken® is a registered trademark of Sandoz Pharmaceuticals, East Hanover, NJ Xanax® is a registered trademark of The Upjohn Company, Kalamazoo, MI Zantac® is a registered trademark of Glaxo Wellcome, Inc., Morris Plains, NJ Zestoretic® is a registered trademark of Stuart Pharmaceuticals, Wilmington, DE Zestril® is a registered trademark of Stuart Pharmaceuticals, Wilmington, DE Zevalin® is a registered trademark of Biogen Idec, Cambridge, MA 565 10766-75_Trademark.qxd 12/3/07 5:50 PM Page 566 10766-76_Index.qxd 12/3/07 5:51 PM Page 567 INDEX A Abbreviations, 518–528 ACE inhibitors, for renal scans, 256, 438 Acetazolamide (Diamox) for brain SPECT, 43–44 dosage and administration of, 423 Acipimox, 219 ACTH-augmented adrenocortical scan, Activity, equation for, 373 Adenoma, toxic, radioiodine for, 330–334 dosage for, 369 patient information sheet for, 495 Adenosine in cardiac stress test, 73, 74 with PET, 215, 218 dosage and administration of, 423, 428–429 perfusion tables, 428–429 Adrenal cortex, structure and function of, Adrenal hormones, Adrenal medulla, pheochromocytoma scan, 7–12, 549 Adrenergics, side effects of, 433 Adrenocortical scan, 2–6 with ACTH augmentation, dosage for, 368 patient history sheet for, 497 with suppression, Adrenocortical steroids, side effects of, 433 Agreement states, 494 ALARA, 481 Analgesics, side effects of, 433 Anatomical images, 535–558 brain (and brain CSF), 536–539 cardiac system, 540–541 catecholamine-secreting tissue, 549 endocrine system, 542 gastrointestinal system, 543–544 hepatobiliary system, 545–546 lungs, 547 lymphatic system, 548 nasolacrimal ducts, 550 renal system, 552 salivary glands, 550 skeletal system, 553–556 testis and scrotum, 551 thyroid, 542 vascular system, 557–558 Angiography, 13–16 Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors, for renal scans, 256, 438 Angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs), for renal scans, 256, 438 Annual dose limits, 480 Annual limit on intake (ALI), 480 Antacids, side effects of, 433 Antianginals, side effects of, 433 Antiarrhythmics, side effects of, 433 Anticholinergics, side effects of, 433 Anticoagulants, 437 side effects of, 433 Anticonvulsants, side effects of, 434 Antidepressants, side effects of, 434 Antidiabetics, side effects of, 433 Antiemetics, side effects of, 433 Antihistamines for iodine sensitivity, 5, side effects of, 433 Antihypertensives, side effects of, 433 Anti-infectives/antivirals, side effects of, 433 Antilipemics, side effects of, 433 Antineoplastics, side effects of, 433 Antiparkinsons, side effects of, 433 Antipsychotics, side effects of, 434 ARBs (angiotensin receptor blockers), for renal scans, 256 Arteries, 557 Ascites, shunt patency scan and, 134–137 198Au, for synovectomy, 301 B B-cell non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma BEXXAR for, 287–292 Zevalin for, 313–317 Benzodiazepines, withholding of, for brain SPECT, 44 Beta blockers for cardiac resting test, 69 for cardiac stress test, 77 Bethanechol (urecholine), dosage and administration of, 423 BEXXAR (radioimmunotherapy), for B-cell nonHodgkin’s lymphoma, 287–292 dosage for, 368 patient history sheet for, 498 Bicisate for brain scan, 39 for brain SPECT, 41 Biliary dyskinesia, HIDA scan and, 126 Biologic half-lives, equation for, 373 Bleeding, gastrointestinal See Gastrointestinal bleed scan Body surface area, 385, 426 nomogram, 379 Body weight, ideal, 426 Bone density assessment, 17–22 Bone marrow scan, 23–27 dosage for, 368 patient history sheet for, 499 Bone pain, palliative treatment for, 293–298 Bone scan, 28–35 dosage for, 368 patient history sheet for, 499 567 10766-76_Index.qxd 12/3/07 5:51 PM Page 568 Index Bowel preparation, for adrenocortical scan, Brain, anatomical images of, 536–539 Brain scan/death, 36–40 dosage for, 368 Brain scan-PET, 197, 205–211 Brain scan-SPECT, 41–46 with Diamox, 43–44 dosage for, 368 patient history sheet for, 500 Breath test, for H pylori, 47–50 5-Bromoacetanilido-iminodiacetic acid (BRIDA), for HIDA scan, 125 Bronchodilators, side effects of, 433 C 11 C-acetate, 196, 203 Calcium-channel blockers for cardiac resting test, 69 for cardiac stress test, 77 Cancer PET for, 198, 200–201, 222–230 whole body study for, 222–230, 349–353 Captopril (Capoten) study dosage and administration in, 423 for glomerular filtration study, 249–258 patient history sheet for, 514 for renal tubular function, 249–258 Cardiac function, equations for, 373 Cardiac glycosides, side effects of, 433 Cardiac imaging dosage for, 368 gated first-pass study, 51–55 MUGA/MUGA-X, 56–61 myocardial infarction (MI) scan, 62–65 patient history sheet for, 501 perfusion and viability, 212–221 PET, 197–198, 212–221 resting test (perfusion), 66–70 stress-rest test, 71, 73–78 stress test (perfusion), 71–78 Cardiac output, equation for, 373 Cardiac PET, 197–198, 212–221 Cardiac SPECT, 278 Cardiac system, anatomical images of, 540–541 Cardiolite See 99mTc-sestamibi Cariporide, 64 Catecholamine-secreting tissue, image of, 549 Catheters, urinary, for children, 87 11 C-choline, 196, 209 CCK See Cholecystokinin (CCK) CDE (committed dose equivalent), 480 CEDE (committed effective dose equivalent), 480 Centimeters-inches conversion equation for, 373 table for, 364 Ceretec for brain scan, 36, 39 for brain scan-SPECT dosage of, 368 for brain SPECT, 41 568 patient history sheet for, 502 for white blood cell scan, 354 dosage of, 369 11 C-glucose, 203 Children dosages for, 379–385 calculation of, 373, 379–381, 426 urinary catheters for, 87 Chinese, translations for, 452–454 Cholecystokinin (CCK) actions of, 132 dosage and administration of, 423 for HIDA scan, 126, 131, 132 Choletec, for HIDA scan, 125 dosage of, 368 Cholinergics, side effects of, 434 Chromatography, kit preparation for, 375–378 Cimetidine (Tagamet) dosage and administration of, 423 for Meckel’s diverticulum scan, 174 Cisternography, 79–83 dosage for, 368 11 C-methionine, 196 11C-n-butanol, 203 11C-nicotine, 209 11C-N-methylspiperone, 203, 209 57Co, decay table for, 412 57Co cookie sheet in lung transmission scan, 157 in lymphoscintigraphy, 167, 170 57 Co-cyanocobalamin (vitamin B-12), for Schilling test, 263 Coding CPT codes, 530–533 HCPCS codes, 533–534 Committed dose equivalent (CDE), 480 Committed effective dose equivalent (CEDE), 480 Computed tomography (CT) for deep vein thrombosis, 97 with PET, 280–281 in single/dual photon absorptiometry, 20 Concentrations doses from, 373 equations for, 373 Conversion tables inches-centimeters, 364 millicuries-megabecquerels, 366 pounds-kilograms, 363 target heart rates, 365 Coronary blood flow, quantitation of, 217 Cortical imaging, 244–248 Corticosteroids, side effects of, 433 11C-palmitate, 203 CPT codes 2008, 530–533 51Cr (Na CrO )-labeled red blood cells, for red blood cell studies, 238 137Cs, decay table for, 411 CT See Computed tomography (CT) 11C-thymidine, 209 62Cu-pyruvaldehyde-bis(4N-thiosemicarbazone) (PTSM), 219 10766-76_Index.qxd 12/3/07 5:51 PM Page 569 Index C-14 urea breath test, 47–50 Cystography, 84–88 dosage for, 368 D DAC (derived air concentration), 480 Dacryocystography, 92 Dacryoscintigraphy, 89–93 dosage for, 368 DDE (deep dose equivalent), 480 D-dimer, for deep vein thrombosis, 97–98 Decay See Radionuclide decay Deep dose equivalent (DDE), 480 Deep venous thrombosis (DVT), venography for, 94–99 Demerol, for HIDA scan, 131 Densitometry, 17–22 Denver shunt patency, 134–137 Derived air concentration (DAC), 480 DEXA (dual energy x-ray absorptiometry), 18, 20 Diamox (acetazolamide) for brain SPECT, 43 dosage and administration of, 423 2,6-Diisopropylacetanilodo-iminodiacetic acid, for HIDA scan, 125 Dilaudid (hydromorphone), for HIDA scan, 131 Dipyridamole (Persantine) in cardiac stress test, 73 with PET, 215, 218 dosage and administration of, 424 infusion table, 431 Disofenin (DISIDA), for HIDA scan, 125 Diuretics, side effects of, 434 Diverticulum, Meckel’s, 173–177 dosage for, 368 patient history sheet for, 504 Dobutamine in cardiac stress test, 73 with PET, 215, 218 dosage and administration of, 424, 430 infusion table, 430 Dosages adult, 368–369 calculation of, 373 pediatric, 379–385 calculation of, 373, 379–381, 426 Dose equivalents, 480 Dose limits, annual, 480 DPA (dual photon absorptiometry), 18, 20 Drip conversions, 426 Drugs See also Radiopharmaceuticals dosage and administration of, 423–427 infusion tables for, 428–432 side effects of, 433–434 Drug withholding for brain SPECT, 44 for cardiac resting test, 67 for glomerular filtration rate, 250, 256 for 123I, 435–436 for pheochromocytoma scan, 10–11 for renal tubular function scan, 250, 256 Dual energy x-ray absorptiometry (DEXA), 18, 20 Dual photon absorptiometry (DPA), 18, 20 DVT See Deep venous thrombosis (DVT) 165 Dy-FHMA (ferric hydroxide macroaggregates), for synovectomy, 301 E Ectopic thyroid tissue scan, 325–329 dosage for, 369 Edge sign, in lung perfusion scan, 150 Effective dose equivalent, 480 Effective half-lives, equation for, 373 Effective renal plasma flow (ERPF), calculation of, 255 Ejection fraction, equation for, 373 Electrolytes, side effects of, 433 Enalaprilat (Vasotec) dosage and administration of, 424 for renal scan, 252 Endocrine system, anatomical images of, 542 Enzymes, production sites, substrates, and actions of, 446–450 Epinephrine, in pheochromocytoma, Equations, 373 ERPF (effective renal plasma flow), 255 Erythrocytes, tagged See Tagged red blood cells Erythromycin, dosage and administration of, 424 Esophageal transit time, 100–103 F 18 F, decay table for, 413 F-16α-fluoro-17β-estradiol, 203 Fatty meal, for HIDA scan, 131, 132 Fentanyl citrate, for HIDA scan, 131 18 F-ethyltyrosine, 209 18 F-FDDNP (fluoro-ethyl methyl amino-2 naphthyl ethylidene malononitrile), 209 18 F-FDG, 196, 203 for brain imaging, 205 for cardiac perfusion and viability scan, 212, 213, 216–217 dosage of, 369 for whole body cancer scan, 222–230 18 F-fluoroethylcholine, 203 FHMA (90Y-calcium oxalate), for synovectomy, 301 First-transit radionuclide angiocardiography, 51–55 Fissure sign, in lung perfusion scan, 150 18 F-methyltyrosine, 209 Foreign language translations, 451–473 French, translations for, 454–457 18 F-sodium fluoride, 203 18 F-spiperone, 203 Furosemide (Lasix) dosage and administration of, 424 for renal scan, 251 18 G 67 Ga, decay table for, 414 Ga-citrate for brain scan, 39 67 569 10766-76_Index.qxd 12/3/07 5:51 PM Page 570 Index 67 Ga-citrate (contd.) for gallium scan, 104 dosage of, 368 68 Ga-citrate/transferrin, 203 Gallbladder, anatomical image of, 545–546 Gallbladder scan with ejection fraction (HIDA), 125–133 dosage for, 368 patient history sheet for, 505 Gallium scan, 104–109 brain, 39 dosage for, 368 patient history sheet for, 502 Gastric emptying scan, 110–115 dosage for, 368 patient history sheet for, 503 Gastric ulcers, breath test for, 47–50 Gastroesophageal reflux scan, 116–119 Gastrointestinal bleed scan, 120–124 dosage for, 368 patient history sheet for, 504 Gastrointestinal system, anatomical images of, 543–544 Gated first-pass cardiac study, 51–55 Gates method, for glomerular filtration rate, 254 German, translations for, 457–459 Glomerular filtration rate (GFR), 249–258 Glucagon dosage and administration of, 425 for Meckel’s diverticulum scan, 174 Glucose loading, glucose/insulin clamping, 219 Goiter, toxic nodular, radioiodine for, 330–334 dosage for, 369 patient history sheet for, 495 Graves’ disease, radioiodine for, 330–334 dosage for, 369 patient information sheet for, 495 H Half-lives for commonly used radionuclides, 370–372 equation for, 373 HAM See Human albumin microspheres (HAM) HAMA titer, 288, 314, 315 HDP (hydroxymethylene diphosphonate), for bone scan, 28 Healthcare Common Procedure Coding System (HCPCS), 533–534 Heart, anatomical images of, 540–541 Heart rates conversion table for, 365 equation for, 373 Helicobacter pylori, breath test for, 47–50 Hemangioma, hepatic, SPECT for, 138–141 Hepatobiliary scan with ejection fraction (HIDA) See HIDA (hepatobiliary/gallbladder scan) Hepatobiliary system, anatomical images of, 545–546 Hepatolite, for HIDA scan, 125 Hibernating myocardium, 218 570 HIDA (hepatobiliary/gallbladder scan), 125–133 dosage for, 368 patient history sheet for, 505 H215O, 209, 213 Hormesis, 479 Hormones adrenal, production sites, substrates, and actions of, 446–450 thyroid, 433 Hot pyp, for myocardial infarction scan, 368 Human albumin microspheres (HAM) for LeVeen/Denver shunt patency scan, 134 for lung perfusion scan, 148 Hydromorphone hydrochloride (Dilaudid), for HIDA scan, 131 Hydroxymethylene diphosphonate (HDP), for bone scan, 28 Hyperthyroidism, radioiodine for, 330–334 dosage for, 369 patient information for, 495 Hypnotics, side effects of, 433 I 123 I decay table for, 416 drugs/studies affecting, 435–436 for ectopic thyroid tissue scan, 325, 326, 327 dosage of, 369 for pheochromocytoma scan dosage of, 369 with rTSH augmentation, 351–352 for thyroid scan, 335 for thyroid uptake, 341 for whole body cancer study, 349 131 I decay table for, 417 drugs/studies affecting, 435–436 for ectopic thyroid tissue scan, 325, 326, 327 for hyperthyroidism, 330 dosage of, 369 with rTSH augmentation, 351–352 for thyroid ablation, 318 dosage of, 369 for thyroid scan, 335 dosage of, 369 for thyroid uptake, 341 dosage of, 369 for whole body cancer study, 349–353 dosage of, 369 131 I-6-β-iodomethyl-19-norcholesterol (NP-59), for adrenocortical scan, dosage of, 368 IDA (iminodiacetic acid), for HIDA scan, 125 Ideal body weight, 426 131 I-diphosphonate, for bone pain palliation, 296 125 I-fibrinogen, for deep vein thrombosis, 97 125 I-human serum albumin, for red blood cell studies, 238 123 I-iodoamphetamine, for brain scan, 39 10766-76_Index.qxd 12/3/07 5:51 PM Page 571 Index 123 I-mIBG (-meta-iodobenzylguanidine), for pheochromocytoma scan, 7–12 dosage for, 369 patient history sheet for, 508 131 I-mIBG (-meta-iodobenzylguanidine), for pheochromocytoma scan, 7–12 dosage for, 369 patient history sheet for, 508 Iminodiacetic acid (IDA), for HIDA scan, 125 111 In, decay table for, 415 111 In-capromab pendetide, for ProstaScint scan, 231 Inches-centimeters conversion equation for, 373 table for, 364 111 In-chloride for B-cell non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma, 313 for bone marrow scan, 25 111 In-CYT-356, for ProstaScint scan, 231 dosage of, 369 Indium scan, patient history sheet for, 502 111 In-DTPA (diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid) for cisternography, 79 dosage of, 368 for gastric emptying scan, 110 Infection, radioimmunoscintigraphy for, 178–181 Infusion tables, 428–432 111In-ibritumomab, for Zevalin therapy, 313 dosage of, 369 Inotropics, side effects of, 433 111In-oxine (oxyquinoline), for white blood cell scan, 354–360 111In-pentetreotide, for OctreoScan, 182 dosage of, 369 125 In-platelets, for deep vein thrombosis, 97 Inspection, self-assessment for nuclear medicine facilities, 483–490 Intra-articular (joint) synovectomy, 299–303 Intracavitary (serosal) infusion, 304–308 Inverse square law, 373 Iodine sensitivity, antihistamine for, 5, 131I-OIH (orthoiodohippurate) for cystography, 84 for glomerular filtration rate, 249 dosage for, 369 123I-sodium iodide, for parathyroid scan, 188 Isotopes, 386–409 PET, 203 Italian, translations for, 459–462 131I-tositumomab, for Bexxar therapy, 287–290 dosage of, 368 J Japanese, phonetic translations for, 470–471 Jones dye test, 91 K Kidney depth calculation, Tonnesen method of, 255 Kidneys, anatomical image, 552 Kilograms-pounds conversion equation for, 373 table for, 363 Kinevac (cholecystokinin), 132 dosage and administration of, 423 Kit preparation, 374–378 L Labels, package, 481 Laboratory tests, normal ranges for, 440–444 Lacrimal ducts, anatomical image of, 550 Lacrimal scan, 89–93 dosage for, 368 Language translations, 451–473 Lasix (furosemide) dosage and administration of, 424 for renal scan, 251 Laxatives, side effects of, 433 Lens dose equivalent (LDE), 480 LeVeen shunt patency, 134–137 Liver SPECT, 138–141 dosage for, 368 Liver/spleen scan, 142–147 dosage for, 368 patient history sheet for, 508 Lung, anatomical images of, 547 Lung perfusion scan, 148–155 dosage for, 368 lung ventilation scan and, 160–165 quantitation in, 152 Lung scan, patient history sheets for, 506–507 Lung transmission scan, 156–159 Lung ventilation scan, 160–165 dosage for, 368 lung perfusion scan and, 148–155 Lymphangiogram, 166–172 Lymphatic system, anatomical images of, 548 Lymphoscintigraphy, 166–172 dosage for, 368 M Macroaggregated albumin (MAA), for lung perfusion scan, 148 Magnesium citrate, for OctreoScan, 184 Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for deep vein thrombosis, 97 with PET, 281 with SPECT, 280 MDP (methylene diphosphonate), for bone scan, 28 Mebrofenin, for HIDA scan, 125 dosage of, 368 Meckel’s diverticulum scan, 173–177 dosage for, 368 patient history sheet for, 504 Megabecquerels-millicuries conversion table, 366 Meperidine (Demerol), for HIDA scan, 131 Metastasis, whole-body study for, 349–353 bone scan and, 28–34 6-Methoxyisobutyl isonitrile See 99mTc-sestamibi Methylene diphosphonate (MDP), for bone scan, 28 Metoclopramide (Reglan) dosage and administration of, 425 for gastric emptying scan, 111, 112, 113 571 10766-76_Index.qxd 12/3/07 5:51 PM Page 572 Index MET-PET, 209 mIBG scan, for pheochromocytoma, 7–12, 549 dosage for, 369 patient history sheet for, 508 Millicuries-megabecquerels conversion table, 366 Minerals, side effects of, 433 Miraluma See 99mTc-sestamibi Misadministration, 475–476 Miscellaneous patient history worksheet, 509 99 Mo, decay table for, 418 Morphine sulfate dosage and administration of, 425 for HIDA scan, 126, 131 MRI See Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) MUGA/MUGA-X, 56–61 dosage for, 368 patient history sheet for, 501 Muscle relaxants, side effects of, 433 Myocardial blood flow, 217 Myocardial infarction (MI) scan, 62–65 dosage for, 368 Myocardium hibernating, 218 stunned, 218 Myoview See 99mTc-tetrofosmin N Na99mTCO4 See 99mTc-pertechnetate Narcotic analgesics, side effects of, 433 Nasolacrimal ducts, anatomical image of, 550 Neurolite for brain scan, 39 for brain SPECT4, NeutroSpec, 178–181 dosage for, 368 patient history sheet for, 510 Nicotinic acid derivatives, 219 13 N-NH3, 196, 203 for cardiac perfusion and viability scan, 212, 213, 215, 217 dosage of, 369 Nonnarcotic analgesics, side effects of, 433 Nonstochastic effects, 479 Norepinephrine, in pheochromocytoma, NP-59 (131I-6-β-iodomethyl-19-norcholesterol), for adrenocortical scan, dosage of, 368 Nuclear medicine imaging CPT codes 2008, 530–533 O 15 O, 196 Occupational dose limits, 480 15 O-CO, 203 15 O-CO2, for cardiac perfusion and viability scan, 212 OctreoScan, 182–187 dosage for, 369 patient history sheet for, 511 Octreotide, for OctreoScan, 182 15 O-H2O, 203 572 for cardiac perfusion and viability scan, 212, 213, 217 dosage of, 369 Oncologic scan-PET, 198 15 O-O2, 203 for cardiac perfusion and viability scan, 212 Osteopenia, densitometry for, 17–21 Osteoporosis, densitometry for, 17–21 P Package labels, 481 Pain, bone, palliative treatment for, 293–298 Palliation for bone pain, 293–298 intracavitary infusion for, 304–308 Parathyroid scan, 188–195 dosage for, 369 dual isotope subtraction technique for, 190–191 single-isotope two-phase, 191 Patient end-of-day report, 489 Patient history sheets, 496–517 Patient information sheet, for thyroid therapies, 495 Patient release methods, for thyroid therapies, 492–494 32 P-chromic phosphate for serosal intracavitary infusion, 304 for synovectomy, 299 Pediatric dosages, 379–385 calculation of, 373, 379–381, 426 Pentagastrin (Peptavlon) dosage and administration of, 425 for Meckel’s diverticulum scan Pentazocine hydrochloride, for HIDA scan, 131 Peptavlon (pentagastrin), dosage and administration of, 425 Peptic ulcers, breath test for, 47–50 Perchlorate, for angiography, 14 Peritoneovenous shunt patency scan, 134–137 Persantine (dipyridamole) in cardiac stress test, 73 with PET, 215, 218 dosage and administration of, 424, 431 infusion table, 431 PET, 196–204 brain, 197, 205–211 cardiac, 197–198, 212–221 isotopes for, 203 oncologic, 198, 200–201, 222–230 patient history sheet for, 512 whole body (tumor), 222–230 PET/CT, 280–281 whole body (tumor), 222–230 PET/CT/SPECT, 281 PET/MRI, 281 PET/SPECT, 279 Phenobarbital dosage and administration of, 425 for HIDA scan, 131 Pheochromocytoma scan (mIBG), 7–12, 549 dosage for, 369 with renal and skeletal imaging, 11 10766-76_Index.qxd 12/3/07 5:51 PM Page 573 Index Plasma volume measurement, 239–240, 241 Plethysmography, for deep vein thrombosis, 97 Plummer’s disease, radioiodine for, 330–334 dosage for, 369 patient information sheet for, 495 Polish, translations for, 471–473 Polycythemia vera, 32P-sodium phosphate for, 309–312 32 P-orthophosphate, for bone pain palliation, 296 Portuguese, translations for, 462–464 Positron emission tomography See PET Positrons, 201 Potassium perchlorate, for Meckel’s diverticulum scan, 175 Pounds-kilograms conversion equation for, 373 table for, 363 Pregnancy, annual dose limits and, 480, 481 ProstaScint scan, 231–237 dosage for, 369 patient history sheet for, 513 32 P-sodium phosphate for bone pain palliation, 293 for polycythemia vera, 309–312 PTSM (62Cu-pyruvaldehyde-bis-4Nthiosemicarbazone), 219 Pyrophosphate (pyp; Pyrolite) dosage and administration of, 425 for liver SPECT, 138 for myocardial infarction (MI) scan, 62 dosage of, 368 PYtest C-14 urea breath test, 47–50 R Radiation annual dose limits, 480–481 biologic effects of, 478–479 properties of, 476–478 Radiation safety, 476–482 Radioimmunoscintigraphy (RIS) NeutroSpec scan, 178–181 ProstaScint scan, 231–237 Radioimmunotherapy (RIT), for B-cell nonHodgkin’s lymphoma BEXXAR, 287–292 Zevalin, 313–317 Radioiodine therapy dosage for, 369 for hyperthyroidism, 330–334 for thyroid ablation, 318–324 Radionuclide decay equation for, 373 modes of, 477 tables for, 410–421 Radionuclide(s) See also specific radionuclides activity of, equation for, 373 concentrations of, equation for, 373 misadministration of, 475 properties and medical uses of, 370–372 properties of, 386–409 Radiopharmaceutical HCPCS, 533–534 Radiopharmaceutical rec-disp daily report, 490 Radiopharmaceuticals See also specific compounds blood-brain penetrating, 39 documentation for inspection, 487–488 dosages for, 368–369 medical applications of, 203 misadministration of, 475 non-blood-brain penetrating, 39 for PET, 196–197, 203 82 Rb-chloride, 196, 203 for cardiac perfusion and viability scan, 212, 213, 217 dosage of, 369 Recordable events, 475 Red blood cells, tagged See Tagged red blood cells Red blood cell studies, 238–243 Red blood cell survival, 240, 241, 242 Red blood cell volume measurement, 240, 241 186 Re-etidronate (hydroxyethylidene diphosphonate), for bone pain palliation, 296 Reglan (metoclopramide) dosage and administration of, 425 for gastric emptying scan, 111, 112, 113 Renal depth calculation, Tonnesen method for, 255 Renal scan ACE inhibitors and angiotensin receptor blockers for, 438 cortical imaging, 244–248 dosage for, 369 effective renal plasma flow, 249–258 glomerular filtration rate, 249–258 patient history sheet for, 514 tubular function, 249–258 Renal system, anatomical images of, 552 Renin/angiotensin/aldosterone system, 255 Renography, 249–258 dosage for, 369 patient history sheet for, 514 188 Re-phosphonate, for bone pain palliation, 296 Reportable events, 475–476 Resting test, cardiac (perfusion), 66–70 RIS See Radioimmunoscintigraphy RIT See Radioimmunotherapy Rule of two’s, for Meckel’s diverticulum, 175 Russian, translations for, 464–467 S Safety measures, 476–482 in PET, 201–202 Salivary gland imaging, 259–262 Salivary glands, anatomical image of, 550 Schegel method for 131I-OIH, 255 Schilling test, 263–267 dosage for, 369 Scintimammography, 268–273 dosage for, 369 patient history sheet for, 515 Scrotal imaging, 283–286 Scrotum, anatomical image of, 551 573 10766-76_Index.qxd 12/3/07 5:51 PM Page 574 Index Sedatives, side effects of, 433 Segmented attenuation correction (SAC), 207 Serosal intracavitary infusion, 304–308 SEXA (single energy x-ray absorptiometry), 18, 19 Shallow dose equivalent (SDE), 480 Shielding equations for, 373 methods of, 478 Shunt patency, for LeVeen/Denver shunt, 134–137 Sincalide (cholecystokinin; Kinevac), 132 dosage and administration of, 423 Single energy x-ray absorptiometry (SEXA), 18, 19 Single photon absorptiometry (SPA), 18, 19 Single photon emission computed tomography See SPECT Single strip/single solvent method of thin-layer chromatography, 376 Skeletal imaging, 28–35 Skeletal system, anatomical images of, 553–556 153 Sm-lexidronam, for bone pain palliation, 293 117m SN-chelate, for bone pain palliation, 296 Sodium iodide thyroid ablation, 318–324 Sodium 99mTcO4 See 99mTc-pertechnetate Somatostatin, OctreoScan and, 185 Spanish, translations for, 467–470 SPA (single photon absorptiometry), 18, 19 SPECT in bone scan, 29, 32 brain, 41–46 dosage for, 368 patient history sheet for, 500 cardiac, 278 in cardiac resting test, 67, 68, 69 in cardiac stress test, 73, 74 in gallium scan, 105 liver, 138–141 dosage for, 368 in liver/gallbladder scan, 139–140 in myocardial infarction (MI) scan, 63 in NeutroSpec, 179, 180 in OctreoScan, 183 overview, 274–282 in parathyroid scan, 189, 191 with PET, 279, 281 in ProstaScint scan, 233 in scintimammography, 270 SPECT/CT, 279–280 SPECT/MRI, 280 Sphincter of Oddi spasm, HIDA scan and, 126, 131–132 Spleen scan, 142–147 dosage for, 368 patient history sheet for, 508 Splenic sequestration, 241, 242 89 Sr-chloride, for bone pain palliation, 293 State inspection self-assessment, 483–490 Steroids, side effects of, 433 Stochastic effects, 479 Stomach, anatomical images of, 542-544 Stool softeners, side effects of, 433 574 Stress MUGA (or MUGA-X), 56–61 Stress test, cardiac (perfusion), 71–78 Stroke volume, equation for, 373 Stunned myocardium, 218 Substernal thyroid tissue scan, 325–329 dosage for, 369 Super Scan, in bone scanning, 31 Synovectomy, 299–303 T Tagamet (cimetidine) dosage and administration of, 423 for Meckel’s diverticulum scan, 174 Tagged red blood cells angiography, 13 for brain scan, 39 for deep venous thrombosis, 94, 96 for gastrointestinal bleed scan, 120 dosage of, 368 for liver SPECT, 138 dosage of, 368 for MUGA/MUGA-X scan, 56, 58 dosage of, 368 for ProstaScint scan, 231 for red blood cell studies, 238 Talbot’s nomogram, modified, 379 Target heart rates conversion table for, 365 equation for, 373 99m Tc, decay table for, 419 99m Tc-albumin colloid, for gastric emptying scan, 110 99m Tc-DMSA (dimercaptosuccinic acid), for renal scan, 244 dosage of, 369 99m Tc-DTPA (diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid) for adrenocortical scan, for angiography, 13 for brain scan, 36, 39 dosage of, 368 for cisternography, 79 for cystography, 84 for gastric emptying scan, 110 for glomerular filtration rate, 249 dosage of, 369 for lung ventilation scan, 160, 161, 162–163 dosage of, 368 for testicular scan, 283 99m Tc-ECD (ethyl cysteinate dimer) for brain scan, 39 for brain SPECT, 41 99m Tc-fanolesomab, for NeutroSpec, 178 dosage of, 368 99m Tc-GH (glucoheptonate) for brain scan, 36, 39 dosage of, 368 for renal scan, 244 99m Tc-HAM (human albumin microspheres) for LeVeen/Denver shunt patency scan, 134 for lung perfusion scan, 148 99m Tc-HDP (hydroxymethylene diphosphonate) 10766-76_Index.qxd 12/3/07 5:51 PM Page 575 Index for bone scan, 358 dosage of, 368 for brain scan, 39 99m Tc-HMPAO (hexamethylpropyleneamine oxime) for brain scan/death, 36, 39 for brain SPECT, 41 for white blood cell scan, 354–360 99m Tc-HMPAO (hexamethylpropyleneamine oxime) platelets, for deep vein thrombosis, 97 99m Tc-MAA (macroaggregated albumin) for deep venous thrombosis, 94 for LeVeen/Denver shunt patency scan, 134, 136 for lung perfusion scan, 148 dosage of, 368 99m Tc-MAG3 (mercaptoacetyltriglycine) for cystography, 84 for renal scan, 249 dosage of, 369 99m Tc-MDP (methylene diphosphonate) for bone scan, 358 dosage of, 368 for brain scan, 39 99m Tc-pertechnetate for angiography, 13, 14 for brain scan, 36, 39 dosage of, 368 for cystography, 84 dosage of, 368 for dacryoscintigraphy, 89 dosage of, 368 for deep venous thrombosis, 94 for ectopic thyroid tissue scan, 325, 326, 327 for gastrointestinal bleed scan, 120 for gated first-pass cardiac study, 51 kit preparation for, 374 for liver SPECT, 138 for lung transmission scan, 156 for Meckel’s diverticulum scan, 173 dosage of, 368 for MUGA/MUGA-X scan, 56 for parathyroid scan, 188 dosage of, 369 for ProstaScint scan, 231 for salivary gland imaging, 259 for testicular scan, 283 dosage of, 369 for thyroid scan, 335, 337, 338 dosage of, 369 for thyroid uptake, 341, 343, 344 99m Tc-pyp for liver SPECT, 138, 139 dosage of, 368 for myocardial infarction (MI) scan, 62, 63 dosage of, 368 99m Tc-SC (sulfur colloid) for bone marrow study, 23 dosage of, 368 for cystography, 84 dosage of, 368 for esophageal transit time, 100 for gastric emptying scan, 110 dosage of, 368 for gastroesophageal reflux assessment, 116 for gastrointestinal bleed scan, 120, 121, 122–123 for LeVeen/Denver shunt patency scan, 134, 136 for liver/spleen scan, 142–147, 357 dosage of, 368 for lymphoscintigraphy, 166 dosage of, 368 for serosal intracavitary infusion, 304 for synovectomy, 299 99m Tc-sestamibi (hexakis[2-methoxyisobutylisonitril]) for cardiac resting test, 66, 67, 68 dosage of, 368 for cardiac stress test, 71, 74, 75, 76 dosage of, 368 for gated first-pass cardiac study, 51 dosage of, 368 for parathyroid scan, 188 dosage of, 369 for scintimammography, 268 dosage of, 369 99m Tc-stannous pyrophosphate, for myocardial infarction scan, 62 99m Tc-tetrofosmin (1,2-bis[bis(2-ethoxyethyl) phosphino]ethane) for cardiac resting test, 66, 68 for cardiac stress test, 71, 74, 76 for gated-first pass cardiac study, 51 for parathyroid scan, 188 for scintimammography, 268 99m Tc-T2G1 antifibrin, for deep vein thrombosis, 97 TEDE (total effective dose equivalent), 480 Testicular scan, 283–286 dosage for, 369 Testis, anatomical image of, 551 Thin-layer chromatography (TLC), 376–378 Thrombosis, venous See Deep venous thrombosis (DVT) Thyroid, anatomical image of, 542 Thyroid ablation, 318–324 dosage for, 369 Thyroid antagonists, 346 Thyroid hormones, side effects of, 433 Thyroid hyperactivity, radioiodine for, 330–334 dosage for, 369 patient information sheet for, 495 Thyroid scan dosage for, 369 patient information sheet for, 495 substernal, 325–329 dosage for, 369 whole-body, 335–340, 349–353 with rTSH augmentation, 351–352 Thyroid serum laboratory ranges, 346 Thyroid stimulators, 345 Thyroid therapies measured dose rate, 493 patient release methods and information, 492–495 patient-specific dose calculations, 493–494 575 10766-76_Index.qxd 12/3/07 5:51 PM Page 576 Index Thyroid uptake, 341–348 dosage for, 369 patient history sheet for, 516–517 Thyrotropin alpha (Thyrogen), for whole-body scan with rTSH augmentation, 351–352 201 Tl for brain scan, 39 for cardiac resting test, 66, 67, 68 for cardiac stress test, 71, 74, 76 dosage of, 368 decay table for, 420 201 Tl-chloride for parathyroid scan, 188 dosage of, 369 TLC (thin-layer chromatography), 376–378 TODE (total organ dose equivalent), 480 Tonnesen method of kidney depth calculation, 255 Tositumomab, for B-cell non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma, 290 Total effective dose equivalent (TEDE), 480 Total organ dose equivalent (TODE), 480 Toxic nodular goiter, radioiodine for, 330–334 dosage for, 369 patient information sheet for, 495 Tranquilizers, side effects of, 434 Translations, language, 451–473 Treadmill test, 73–74 2,4,6-Trimethyl, for HIDA scan, 125 Tubular function, 249–258 Two strip/two solvent method of thin-layer chromatography, 376–377 V Vascular system, anatomical images of, 557–558 Vasodilators, side effects of, 434 Vasotec (enalaprilat) dosage and administration of, 424 for renal scan, 252 Veins, 558 Venography, for deep vein thrombosis, 94–99 Venous thrombosis See Deep venous thrombosis (DVT) Ventilation scan, 160–165 Vitamin B-12, for Schilling test, 263 dosage of, 369 Vitamins, side effects of, 433 Voiding cystourethrogram, 84–88 W Webster’s rule, for pediatric dosage, 381 Weight/metabolic rule, for pediatric dosage, 381 Wellman’s rule, for pediatric dosage, 381 White blood cell scan, 354–360 dosage for, 369 Whole-body cancer study, 349–353 dosage for, 369 with PET, PET-CT, 222–230 Wright’s formula, modified, 381–382 X 133 Xe (xenon) for brain scan, 39 decay table for, 421 for lung ventilation scan, 160, 161–162 dosage of, 368 U Ulcers, breath test for, 47–50 Ultrasonography, for deep vein thrombosis, 97 UltraTag for angiography, 13–16 for deep venous thrombosis, 94–99 dosage and administration of, 425 for gastrointestinal bleed, 120–124 for liver SPECT, 138–141 for MUGA/MUGA-X scan, 56–61 for ProstaScint scan, 231–237 Urea breath test, 47–50 Urecholine (Bethanechol), dosage and administration of, 423 Urinary catheters, for children, 87 Urinary tract, anatomical image, 552 Urokinase dosage and administration of, 432 infusion table for, 432 576 Y 90 Y-calcium oxalate (FHMA), for synovectomy, 301 Y-chloride, for B-cell non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma, 313 90Y-citrate, for bone pain palliation, 296 90Y-labeled microspheres, for hepatoma and liver metastases, 316 90Y-LymphCide, 316 Young’s rule, for pediatric dosage, 381 90 Z Zevalin scan, for B-cell non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma, 313–317 dosage for, 369 patient history sheet for, 498 Zona fasciculata, Zona glomerulosa, Zona reticularis,