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The passive voice is used to show interest in the person or object that experiences an action rather than the person or object that performs the action. In other words, the most important thing or person becomes the subject of the sentence.
CÂU BỊ ĐỘNG (Passive Voice) Use of Passive (Cách sử dụng câu bị động) : Câu bị động dùng ta muốn nhấn mạnh vào hành động câu, tác nhân gây hành động dù người hay vật khơng q quan trọng Ex: My bike was stolen A mistake was made Form (Cấu trúc): S +(V) + O SO + (BE) + P2 + BY + OS Nếu người vật trực tiếp gây hành động dùng “by” vật gián tiếp gây hành động dùng “with” Ex: The bird was shot with the gun The bird was shot by the hunter Trong số trường hợp “be/ get +P2” hồn tồn khơng mang nghĩa bị động mà mang nghĩa: Chỉ trạng thái, tình mà chủ ngữ gặp phải: Ex: Could you please check my mailbox while I am gone? He got lost in the maze (mê cung) of the town yesterday Chỉ việc chủ ngữ tự làm lấy: Ex: The little boy gets dressed very quickly I will be done when I finish tightening these bolts (những ốc) Với động từ khuyết thiếu (MV) : Can, may, must, should, have to, ought to, used to S+ (MV) + V + O So + (MV)+ be + P2 +by +O Các Chủ động Bị động Hiện đơn S + V(s/es) + O - Mary studies English every day S+ is/am/are + P2 + (by + O) - English is studied by Mary everyday Hiện tiếp diễn S + is/am/are + V-ing + O - He is planting some trees now S + is/am/are + being + P2 + (by + O) - Some trees are being planted (by him) now Quá khứ đơn S + V-ed + O - She wrote a letter yesterday S + was/were + P2 + (by + O) - A letter was written (by her) yesterday Quá khứ tiếp S + was/were + V-ing + O diễn - They were buying a car at am yesterday S + was/were +being + P2 + (by + O) - A car was being bought at am yesterday Hiện hoàn S + have/ has + P2 + O thành - My parents have given me a new bike on my birthday S + have/ has + been + P2 + (by + O) - A new bike has been given to me by my parents on my birthday Hiện hoàn S + have/ has + been + V-ing + O thành tiếp diễn - John has been repairing this car for hours S + have/ h as + been + being + P2 +(by +O) - This car has been being repaired by John for hours Quá khứ hoàn thành S + had + been + P2 + (by O) - His report had been finished before 10 p.m yesterday S + had + P2 + O - He had finished his report before 10 p.m yesterday Quá khứ S + had + been + V-ing + O hoàn thành tiếp - I had been typing the essay for hours diễn before you came yesterday S + had + been + being + P2 + (by+ O) - The essay had been being typed for hours before you came yesterday Tương lai đơn S + will + V(nguyên thể) + O - She will a lot of things tomorrow S + will + be + P2 + (by O) - A lot of things will be done tomorrow 10 Tương lai tiếp diễn S + will + be +V-ing + O - She will be taking care of her children at this time tomorrow S + will + be + being + P2 + (by O) - Her children will be being taken care of at this time tomorrow 11 Tương lai hoàn thành S + will + have + P2 + O - She will have finished her studying by the end of this year S + will + have + been + P2 + (by O) - Her studying will have been finished by the end of this year 12 Tương lai S + will + have + been + V-ing + O hoàn thành tiếp - I will have been teaching English for diễn years by next week S + will + have +been + being + P2 + (by O) - English will have been being taught by me for years by next week Một số câu bị động đặc biệt: Cấu trúc câu bị động nhờ làm làm gì: S + (have) + Ochỉ người + V + Ochỉ vật S + (get) + Ochỉ người + to V + Ochỉ vật S + (have) / (get) + Ochỉ vật + P2 + (by +Ochỉ người ) Ex: I have Tom cut my hair I have my hair cut (by Tom) My mother gets me to bring the chair into the room My mother gets the chair brought into the room Với “Make” (bắt buộc làm gì): S + (make) + O + V + … So + (be) + made + to V … Ex: He makes me work harder I am made to work harder Với “ let” (để làm gì/ cho phép làm gì): S + (let) + O + V So + (be) + allowed + to V Ex: He lets me drive his car I am allowed to drive his car Bị động động từ ý kiến, thông báo: Các động từ : Say, think, believe, suppose (giả sử), report (thông báo), suspect(nghi ngờ), rumor (đồn), consider (băn khoăn, cho rằng) … (V1) S1 + (V1) + that + S2 + (V2) + … Cách 1: It + (be) + P2 (V1) + that + S2 + (V2) Cách 2: to V ( V1, V2 thì, V2 xảy sau V1 ) S2 + (be) + P2 to have P2 (nếu V2 chia hồn thành, V2 xảy trước (V1) + V1) Ex: People said that she was very kind -> It was said that she was very kind -> She was said to be very kind Bị động với nhóm V giác quan S + V1 (see / hear/ feel/ watch/ observe/ catch …) + O + V2/ V2-ing (nếu V2 xảy ra) →So +( be) + P2 (V1) + to V / Ving Ex: I saw him climbing over the wall → He was seen climbing over the wall I heard her sing a very beautiful song → She was heard to sing a very beautiful song Bị động với động từ tân ngữ (riêng “buy” dùng “to”): buy, give, show, tell, ask, teach, send ,bring… S + (V) + Ongười + Ovật S(Ongười) + (be) + P2 + Ovật (by + Os) S(Ovật) + (be) + P2 + to Ongười (by Os) Thông thường chủ ngữ hợp lý cho câu bị động Ovật Ex: My friend gave me a present on my birthday A present was given to me by my friend on my birthday/ I was given a present on my birthday by my friend Bị động với cấu trúc chủ ngữ giả : It + (be) + adj + to V + O →It + (be) + adj + for O + to be +P Ex: It's necessary to learn English → It's necessary for English to be learnt It's important to prepare the lessons before school → It's important for the lessons to be prepared before school Note: Khi câu dùng: "possible" "impossible" → can be done/ can't be done Ex: It's impossible to learn a foreign language in a week → A foreign language can't be learnt in a week It's impossible to this → This can't be done Bị động câu mệnh lệnh: V + O Cách 1: S + should/must + be +P2 Cách 2: Let O be P2 Ex: Turn on the lights! The lights should be turned on Write your name here Let your name be written here Exercise Put these sentences into the passive voice 1.My father waters this flower every morning => 2.John invited Fiona to his birthday party last night 3.Her mother is preparing the dinner in the kitchen 4.We should clean our teeth twice a day 5.Our teachers have explained the English grammar 6.Some drunk drivers caused the accident in this city 7.Tom will visit his parents next month 8.The manager didn’t phone the secretary this morning 9.Did Mary this beautiful dress? 10.I won’t hang these old pictures in the living room 11.The German didn’t build this factory during the Second World War 12.The Greens are going to paint this house and these cars for Christmas Day 13 Ann had fed the cats before she went to the cinema 14.The students have discussed the pollution problems since last week 15.Have the thieves stolen the most valuable painting in the national museum? Exercise Write the sentences in another way, beginning as shown Someone reported that the situation was under control The situation _ It is said that she works 16 hours a day She Someone thinks that the company is planning a new advertising campaign The company Everyone expects that the soap opera will end next year The soap opera It is reported that two people were injured in the explosion Two people _ Someone reported that the President had suffered a heart attack The President _ They think that the prisoner escaped by climbing over a wall The prisoner It is reported that the buildings have been badly damaged by fire The buildings It is reported that many people are homeless after the floods Many people 10 We all expected Marta would pass her driving test Marta _ 11 People believe that he was killed by terrorists He 12 We knew that you were in town on the night of the crime You _ 13 Journalists supposed that the footballer Wayne Johnson was earning £10 million a year The footballer Wayne Johnson 14 We know that they lives in a small flat on the fifth floor They _ 15 Lots of people believe that the Prime Minister and his wife have separated The Prime Minister Exercise Put these sentences into the passive voice I had my nephew paint the gate last week 2 People don’t make the children work hard John gets his sister to clean his shirt Anne had had a friend type her composition My parents never let me anything by myself They have her tell the story again She let him enter the room People saw him steal your car 10 He won’t let you that silly thing again 11 They made him work all day 12 Open your book! 13 Take off your hat! Exercise Choose the correct answer We can’t go along here because the road _ a is repairing b is repaired c is being repaired d repaires The story I’ve just read _ Agatha Christie a was written b was written by c was written from d wrote by Why don’t you have your brother _ the roof? a repairs b repair c repaired d to repair The man died because medical help was not summoned A doctor should _ a be have called b been called c be called d have been called Something funny _ in class yesterday a happened b was happened c happens d is happened Many US automobiles _ in Detroit, Michigan a manufacture b have manufactured c are manufactured d are manufacturing A lot of pesticide residue can _ on unwashed produce a find b found c be finding d be found We _ by a loud noise during the night a woke up b are woken up c were woken up d were waking up How did that window _? ~ I don’t know a get broken b broke c got broken d broken 10 Some film stars _ difficult to work with a are said be b are said to be c say to be d said to be 11 Last night a tornado swept through Rockville It _ everything in its path a destroyed b was destroyed c was being destroyed d has been destroyed 12 Vitamin C _ by the human body It gets into blood stream quickly a absorbs easily b is easily absorbing c is easily absorbed d absorbed easily 13 Why did Tom keep making jokes about me? I don’t enjoy _ at a be laughed b to be laughed c laughing d being laughed 14 John _ last week a had his house painted b had painted his house c had his father to paint d had his house paint 15 Today, many serious childhood diseases _ by early immunization a are preventing b can prevent c prevent d can be prevented 16 ‘ _ about the eight o’clock flight to Chicago?’ ‘Not yet.’ a Has been an announcement made b Has an announcement made c Has an announcement been made d Has been made an announcement 17 ‘Has the commitee made its decision yet?’ ‘Not yet They are still _ the proposal.’ a considering b been considered c being considered d considered 18 I might watch this programme It _ very funny a supposes to be b is supposed being c is supposed to be d was supposed be 19 Do you get your heating _ every year? a checking b check c be checked d checked 20 Claude Jennings is said _ his memory a to have been lost b to be lost c to have lost d to lose