VIBRATION ANALYSIS AND CONTROL – NEW TRENDS AND DEVELOPMENTS Edited by Francisco Beltrán-Carbajal Vibration Analysis and Control – New Trends and Developments Edited by Francisco Beltrán-Carbajal Published by InTech Janeza Trdine 9, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia Copyright © 2011 InTech All chapters are Open Access articles distributed under the Creative Commons Non Commercial Share Alike Attribution 3.0 license, which permits to copy, distribute, transmit, and adapt the work in any medium, so long as the original work is properly cited. After this work has been published by InTech, authors have the right to republish it, in whole or part, in any publication of which they are the author, and to make other personal use of the work. Any republication, referencing or personal use of the work must explicitly identify the original source. Statements and opinions expressed in the chapters are these of the individual contributors and not necessarily those of the editors or publisher. No responsibility is accepted for the accuracy of information contained in the published articles. The publisher assumes no responsibility for any damage or injury to persons or property arising out of the use of any materials, instructions, methods or ideas contained in the book. Publishing Process Manager Masa Vidovic Technical Editor Teodora Smiljanic Cover Designer Jan Hyrat Image Copyright Igor Klimov, 2010. Used under license from Shutterstock.com First published August, 2011 Printed in Croatia A free online edition of this book is available at www.intechopen.com Additional hard copies can be obtained from orders@intechweb.org Vibration Analysis and Control – New Trends and Developments, Edited by Francisco Beltrán-Carbajal p. cm. ISBN 978-953-307-433-7 free online editions of InTech Books and Journals can be found at www.intechopen.com Contents Preface IX Chapter 1 Adaptive Tuned Vibration Absorbers: Design Principles, Concepts and Physical Implementation 1 Philip Bonello Chapter 2 Design of Active Vibration Absorbers Using On-Line Estimation of Parameters and Signals 27 Francisco Beltran-Carbajal, Gerardo Silva-Navarro, Benjamin Vazquez-Gonzalez and Esteban Chavez-Conde Chapter 3 Seismic Response Reduction of Eccentric Structures Using Liquid Dampers 47 Linsheng Huo and Hongnan Li Chapter 4 Active Control of Human-Induced Vibrations Using a Proof-Mass Actuator 71 Iván M. Díaz Chapter 5 Control Strategies for Vehicle Suspension System Featuring Magnetorheological (MR) Damper 97 Min-Sang Seong, Seung-Bok Choi and Kum-Gil Sung Chapter 6 A Semiactive Vibration Control Design for Suspension Systems with Mr Dampers Hamid Reza Karimi 115 Chapter 7 Control of Nonlinear Active Vehicle Suspension Systems Using Disturbance Observers 131 Francisco Beltran-Carbajal, Esteban Chavez-Conde, Gerardo Silva Navarro, Benjamin Vazquez Gonzalez and Antonio Favela Contreras VI Contents Chapter 8 Semi-Active Control of Civil Structures Based on the Prediction of the Structural Response: Integrated Design Approach 151 Kazuhiko Hiramoto, Taichi Matsuoka and Katsuaki Sunakoda Chapter 9 Seismic Response Control Using Smart Materials 173 Sreekala R, Muthumani K, Nagesh R Iyer Chapter 10 Whys and Wherefores of Transmissibility 197 N. M. M. Maia, A. P. V. Urgueira and R. A. B. Almeida Chapter 11 Control Design Methodologies for Vibration Mitigation on Wind Turbine Systems 217 Ragnar Eide and Hamid Reza Karimi Chapter 12 Active Isolation and Damping of Vibrations for High Precision Laser Cutting Machine 243 Andrea Tonoli, Angelo Bonfitto and Mario Silvagni Chapter 13 Bearings Fault Detection Using Inference Tools 263 Miguel Delgado Prieto, Jordi Cusidó i Roura and Jose Luis Romeral Martínez Chapter 14 Vibration Analysis of an Oil Production Platform Submitted to Dynamic Actions Induced by Mechanical Equipment 281 José Guilherme Santos da Silva, Ana Cristina Castro Fontenla Sieira, Luciano Rodrigues Ornelas de Lima and Bruno Dias Rimola Chapter 15 MIMO Vibration Control for a Flexible Rail Car Body: Design and Experimental Validation 309 Alexander Schirrer, Martin Kozek and Jürgen Schöftner Chapter 16 Changes in Brain Blood Flow on Frontal Cortex Depending on Facial Vibrotactile Stimuli 337 Hisao Hiraba, Takako Sato, Satoshi Nishimura, Masaru Yamaoka, Motoharu Inoue, Mitsuyasu Sato, Takatoshi Iida, Satoko Wada, Tadao Fujiwara and Koichiro Ueda Preface This book focuses on the very important and diverse field of vibration analysis and control. The sixteen chapters of the book written by selected experts from international scientific community cover a wide range of interesting research topics related to original and innovative design methodologies of passive, semi-active and active vibration control schemes, dynamic vibration absorbers, vehicle suspension systems, structural vibration, identification, vibration control devices, smart materials, fault detection, finite element analysis and several other recent practical applications and theoretical studies of this fascinating field of vibration analysis and control. The book is addressed not only to both academic and industrial researchers and practitioners of this field, but also to undergraduate and postgraduate engineering students and other experts and newcomers in a variety of disciplines seeking to know more about the state of the art, challenging open problems, innovative solution proposals and new trends and developments in this area. The book is organized into 16 chapters. A brief description of every chapter follows. Chapter 1 presents the basic design principles of adaptive tuned vibration absorbers (ATVA) and a comprehensive review of the various design concepts that have been presented for the ATVA, including the latest innovations contributed by the author. Chapter 2 introduces a design approach for active vibration absorption schemes in linear mass-spring-damper mechanical systems subject to exogenous harmonic vibrations, which can simultaneously be used for vibration attenuation and desired reference trajectory tracking tasks. Chapter 3 deals with the seismic response control of eccentric structures using Circular Tuned Liquid Column Dampers (CTLCD). The optimal control parameters are derived from the motion equation of the CTLCD- structure system and supposing that ground motion is a stochastic process. Chapter 4 presents the practical implementation of an active mass damper to cancel excessive vertical vibrations on an in-service office floor and on an in-service footbridge. In Chapter 5, the authors describe the formulation and experimental evaluation of various vibration control strategies for semi-active vehicle suspension system with magnetorheological (MR) dampers. The design of a back-stepping control scheme for semi-active vehicle suspension systems with MR dampers is the focus of Chapter 6. Chapter 7 proposes a robust control scheme based on the real-time estimation of perturbation signals for active nonlinear or linear vehicle suspension systems subject to unknown exogenous disturbances due to irregular road surfaces. Chapter 8 X Preface introduces a methodology for semi-active control system design of civil structures. A semi-active control law based on a one-step-ahead prediction of the seismic response is proposed, which employs a vibration control device developed by the authors. Chapter 9 deals with the seismic response control using smart materials. Mathematical models are developed to predict the maximum energy dissipation capability of the material under study. Chapter 10 presents a general overview on the transmissibility concept for multiple degree-of-freedom systems. It is shown that the various ways in which transmissibility can be defined and applied opens various possibilities for research in different domains, like system identification, structural modification, coupling analysis, damage detection, model updating, vibro-acoustic applications, isolation and vibration attenuation. The focus of Chapter 11 is on design of control schemes for vibration mitigation on wind turbine systems. The main control objective of the proposed schemes is to reduce the torque variations by using speed control with collective blade pitch adjustments. Chapter 12 focuses on the evaluation of an active isolation and vibration damping device on the working cell of a micro-mechanical laser center, using active electromagnetic actuators. Chapter 13 presents an overview of multisensory inference approaches used to characterize motor ball bearings, and their application to a set of motors with distributed fault failure. The results show that a multivariable design contributes positively to damage monitoring of bearings. Chapter 14 investigates the dynamic behavior of an oil production platform submitted to impacts produced by rotating machinery. A computational model is developed for the structural system dynamic analysis. The peak acceleration values and maximum displacements and velocities are employed to evaluate the structural model performance in terms of human comfort, maximum tolerances of the mechanical equipment and vibration serviceability limit states of the structural system. Chapter 15 proposes LQG and weighted H2 MIMO control design methods for the vibration control of lightweight rail car body structures. These designs are studied and compared to achieve vibration reduction and passenger ride comfort improvement in a highly flexible metro rail car body. The metro car body structure is directly actuated via locally mounted Piezo stack actuators. Chapter 16 concludes the book, describing a study on vibrotactile stimuli on the submandibular glands stimulated by vibration with one motor and two motors. Finally, I would like to express my sincere gratitude to all the authors for their excellent contributions, which I am sure will be valuable to the readers. I would also like to thank the editorial staff at InTech for their great effort and support in the process of edition and publication of the book. I truly hope that this book can be useful and inspiring for contributing to the development of technology, new academic and industrial research and many inventions and innovations in the field of vibration analysis and control. Francisco Beltrán Carbajal Energy Department Azcapotzalco Unit of the Autonomous Metropolitan University Mexico [...]... Figure 4: original system (dashed line); with TMD (solid line) 5 6 Vibration Analysis and Control – New Trends and Developments -2 10 rAP (ω ) (m/N) -4 10 -6 10 0 50 10 0 15 0 200 250 300 350 400 ω ( 2π ) (Hz) Fig 6 Effect of a mistuned TMD on cantilever in Figure 4: TMD optimally tuned and damped as per eqs (1) and (4) (solid line); 10 % mistuned TMD (dotted line) Finally, it is worth mentioning that... in Figs 11 -15 since the actuator is required to move the least distance to achieve a given change 10 Vibration Analysis and Control – New Trends and Developments in ωa However, the actuator has to work against much larger forces and the variability in ωa is clearly limited by the maximum deformation that the constituent beams can withstand as they are being prised apart Through elementary analysis, ... ωa and the variation of the effective mass proportion R (Fig 1b) as the setting x = x L of the actual systems in Fig 16 is varied Hence, for this purpose, damping can be omitted from the analysis without loss of accuracy 12 Vibration Analysis and Control – New Trends and Developments Fig 12 Servo-actuated beam-like ATVA: adjustable beam-cross-section ATVA (Brennan, 2000, Kidner et al., 2002) Fig 13 ... aopt No TMD 40 M ζ a = 2ζ aopt N 20 ω = ωa 10 0 0.8 0.85 0.9 0.95 1 ω Ω s′ 1. 05 1. 1 1. 15 1. 2 Fig 3 Effect of damping on the modal approximation of the attachment point FRF (case shown is for the tuned condition, eq (1) , with μ = 0.02 ma,eff ca ka 0.4m 0.6m P O { f p = Re FP e jωt yA A } Fig 4 TMD attached to a cantilever -2 rAP (ω ) 10 (m/N) -4 10 -6 10 0 50 10 0 15 0 200 250 300 350 400 ω ( 2π ) (Hz) Fig... (dashed line); with TVN (solid line) 8 Vibration Analysis and Control – New Trends and Developments 3 Adaptive tuned vibration absorbers – an overview “Tuning” a TVA involves making the appropriate adjustment of ωa and this is done through an adjustment in one or more properties of the TVA structure Mistuning is avoided through the use of adaptive (or “smart”) tuneable vibration absorbers (ATVAs) which... beam-like ATVAs in Figs 11 -15 requires the derivation of their equivalent two-degree-of-freedom model (Fig 1b) Such analysis is very important when one considers that, for the devices in Fig 11 -15 (with the possible exception of Fig 12 ), the effective mass proportion R will vary as the ATVA is retuned Although (Carneal et al., 2004) describe their actuator-incorporated mass (Fig 14 ) as the “active mass”... 1 Adaptive Tuned Vibration Absorbers: Design Principles, Concepts and Physical Implementation Philip Bonello University of Manchester United Kingdom 1 Introduction The tuned vibration absorber (TVA) has been used for vibration control purposes in many sectors of civil/automotive/aerospace engineering for many decades since its inception by (Ormondroyd & Den Hartog, 19 28) A tuned vibration. .. real time Adaptive technology is especially important in the case of the TVN since the low damping requirement in the spring element can raise the host structure vibration to dangerous levels 2 Vibration Analysis and Control – New Trends and Developments in the mistuned condition In this case, mistuning can occur either due to a drift in the forcing frequency or due to a drift in tuned frequency caused... application 4 ATVA analysis The aims of this section are two-fold: (i) to illustrate the derivation of the effective mass and tuned frequency characteristics of moveable-supports and moveable-masses ATVAs (Figs 14 and 15 ); (ii) to illustrate the physical implementation and testing of the beam-like ATVA with actuator-incorporated moveable masses (Fig 15 ) This latter covers the adaptation logic control The... the vicinity of Ωs { } { } Fig 1 Generic TVA ya ma , eff ka yA ( M As ) ( K As ) ( ψ Ps ) (s ) f P (t ) ψA (a) Host structure ca ( M As ) + ma , red ( K As ) yA ( ψ Ps ) ( f (t ) ψ As ) P (b) Host structure with TMD Fig 2 Dynamic modal model of the host structure without/with TMD for frequencies ω in the vicinity of Ωs 4 Vibration Analysis and Control – New Trends and Developments () rAP (ω ) can be . VIBRATION ANALYSIS AND CONTROL – NEW TRENDS AND DEVELOPMENTS Edited by Francisco Beltrán-Carbajal Vibration Analysis and Control – New Trends and Developments. TMD () () () ⎟ ⎟ ⎠ ⎞ ⎜ ⎜ ⎝ ⎛ × s A s P s A K ψ ψ opt aa ζ ζ = opt aa ζ ζ 2 = opt aa ζ ζ 5.0 = Vibration Analysis and Control – New Trends and Developments 6 0 50 10 0 15 0 200 250 300 350 400 10 -6 10 -4 10 -2 Fig. 6. Effect of a mistuned TMD. TMD performance. Adaptive Tuned Vibration Absorbers: Design Principles, Concepts and Physical Implementation 5 0.8 0.85 0.9 0.95 1 1.05 1. 1 1. 15 1. 2 0 10 20 30 40 50 Fig. 3. Effect