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Sách Tiếng Anh chuyên ngành điều dưỡng, y tá Quyển sách phù hợp cho đối tương điều dưỡng rèn luyện tiếng anh chuyên ngành các đối tượng sinh viên muốn nâng cao trình độ Tiếng Anh chuyên ngành y. Sách được viết có phần bài tập rất dễ hiểu
HO LIEN BIEN UNIVERSITY OF HEALTH SCIENCES~ 86 CHE MINH CITY THƯỜNG ĐẠI HỌC Y DƯỢC THÀNH PHỐ HỒ CHÍ MINH English For Nurses TIẾNG ANH O ĐIỀU DƯỠ.N ots itn { ied + fl Hệ: oo - Huập ae 2010 ~ 20.4 2, 08181241 al ch Hank NHÀ XUẤT BAN TP HỒ CHÍ MINH 09) TIẾNG ANH CHO DIEU DUGNG English for Nurses Biên soạn : Hồ Liên Biện Chịu trách nhiệm xuất : TRẤN ĐÌNH VIỆT Biên tập : HOÀI NAM Sửa in : KIM LIEN NHÀ XUẤT BẢN TP.HO CHÍ MINH 62 Nguyễn Thị Minh Rhai - Q.1 Tel : 8225340 - 8296764 - 8229405 - 8222726 Fax : 84.8.222726 In 1.000 cuốn, khổ 13x19em Tại Xưởng in Binh Hoa Số XB : 226-169/KB-QLXB ngày 6-3-2002 In xong nộp lưu chiểu : Tháng 5/2003 PREFACE This book is a short cal English [tis designed and medical technicians Its primary purpose and simple introduction to medifor the training programs of nurses at various medical schools is to familiarize students with a minimum knowledge of anatomy, physiology, and pathology necessary for them in their work, not to teach them medicine as such, Students are expected to have had a working knowl- edge of general English from high school and three first semesters at the university The publisher and the author will welcome any com- ments on the book Hề Liên Biện CONTENTS Preface PART ONE Anatomy And Physiology Introduction to Anatomy and Physiology The Skin Ns _ The Skeletal System and the Muscular System © 16 The Nervous System and the Endocrine System ,< 27 The CirculatOrV SVSEĐH- cuc cu TT c He eeeeseee Sn aA oS The Respiratory 5ystem ‹ The Digestive 3ystem - The Urinary System - The Reproductive System PART TWO Common Diseases You Will See Hypertension cscsssscsccsssessesssareaseseisseeseas 10 Heart Attack Myocardial Infarction 11 Diabetes Listening Scripts PART ONE Anatomy and Pbysiology LESSON ONE introduction to Anatomy and Physiology The Skin Introduction Anatomy is the study of the structure of the body Phusi- ology is the study of how the body functions It is very diffi- cult to discuss one without the other Knowledge of how ` the human body is constructed and how it works will help you give better care to your patients The vocabulary of these subjects will help you understand your supervisor’s instructions, The Cell The cell is the fundamental microscopic building block of all living matter The human body is made up of mill ions of cells, Each one has a special task within the body Tissues Cells usually not work alone, Groups of cells of the same type that a particular kind of work are orga nized into tissues PART ONE Tissues to Systems Tissues, each having a special function, are grouped together to form organs, such as the heart and lungs Each organ in turn has a specific function that cannot be carried out without its various tissues Organs that work together to perform one or more body functions make up systems, for example, the digestive system, respiratory system and circulatory system Always remember that a system cannot work by itseif Systems are dependent, one upon the other What happens to one system affects all the others The Skin The skin, which is our largest system, has many func- tions It covers and protects internal organs from injury, bacteria, and environmental changes The skin also contains nerve endings from the nervous system, which aid the body in awareness of its environment The skin helps regulate the body temperature by controlling the loss of heat from the body Skin secretes an oily substance through ducts that lead from oil glands In this way the skin is kept lubricated, soft, and flexible Other parts of the skin include the hair and the nails Each hair has a root under the skin into which the oil glands of the skin open Fingernails and toenails grow from the nail bed at the base underneath the skin If the nail bed is destroyed, the nail stops growing The outer layer of the skin that you can see is called the epidermis Cells are constantly flaking off or being rubbed off this layer of the skin as they naturally die Keeping the skin clean removes waste products Watch for changes in your patient’s skin Be aware of changes in LESSON - oductfiơn to Anatomy and Phy siology color, temperature, bruises, breaks in skin, dryness or oili- ness, and thinness or thickness of the skin Be particularly aware of color If patient’s port it to whether both limbs are the same temper ature and you should notice any changes or are as on the body about which you have a question, ple ase reyour supervisor VOCABULARY anatomy environment D epidermis injury nerve 11 oi! gland 2, cell 4, environmental change ` 13 physiology 15, circulatory system 17 nervous system 19 tissue ` function 8.limb 10 nerve ending 12, organ 1A system 16 digestive system 18, respiratory system : Comprehension 1, 4, What What What What What How is anatomy ? is physiology ? make up tissues ? tissues form ? organs form ? many systems are mentioned in the text ? What are they ? ¢ How does the skin affect body temper ature ? In what part ofa hair oil glands open into ? S24 What you call the outer layer of the skin ? 10 How does keeping the skin clean hel p ? PART ONE Exercises I LISTENING Listen to the questions or statements Choose the best answer to each question or the best interpretation of each statement A The structure of the body B The functions of the body C The temperature of the body D, The waste products of the skin A Fingernails C The heart and lungs B Limbs D The skin A The digestive system B The respiratory system C The circulatory system D The skin A B C D The nail stops growing Fingernails grow from it, The base is underneath the skin Cells are flaking off A Nails and hairs C Arms and legs, B Tissues and organs D, The heart and lungs H COMPLETION Complete the sentences with the words given a bruise b cells c fingernails g organs h physiology i temperature d function j toes 10 © sives care f injury PART TWO g persistent j vary h site i take part in k warning I didn’t see your motorbike, sol you'd gone out She wanted to too ill the project but she was our suggestions They were happy to 4, Once the story is begun, it must follow its Amanda saw a/an year changein her son that I heard a noise and went downstairs to signs such as tiredness Do not ignore _ and headaches There was a/an sound of running water, although’ he had turned all the taps off 9, The new theater will be built on this _ 10 My doctor said Ushould _ _ my diet more 11 The rise in unemployment is of great to the government tH.MATCHING Match the words with their definitions a anemia d contagious g lump j ulcer 146 b benign e discharge h malignant c biopsy f hoarseness i tumor LESSON 14 — Cancer 1, that can be passed from person to person by direct or indirect contact abnormal growth in the body a small swelling that sticks out from the skin or grows in the body abnormal material excreted from the body a sore area on the skin or inside the body that may on Ds ˆ bleed or produce poisonous substances seen decrease in red blood cell count and hemoglobin content in the blood rough voice, as if the speaker has a sore throat cancerous Mot cancerous 10, examination of tissue taken from the body WW MULTIPLE CHOICE A Choose the word or phrase that best cornpletes each sentence Tt was not easy to make a definite diagnosis at first, but the sof cancer grew stronger with each additional test : A ability B capacity C possibility D difficulty Many doctors believe cures for many forms of cancer a soon A will discover C will be discovered B, they will be discovered D have been discovered 3.'The risks of developing cancer cane ‘not smoking and by drinking in moderation “A be significantly reduced ’ B to be significantly reduced wig bye: 147 PART TWO C significantly reduced D to reduce significantly early warning There are eight changes, _ signs of cancer, that should be reported A called B they called : C which called D that called , The only way a tumor is known to be malignant or benign is by taking a small piece of it and a A, examine it under a microscope C examined Do not A lie C lie to B examines ` examining the patient B, lie with D lie at B Choose the word or phrase that means the same as-the underlined word As the abnormal cells reproduce and multiply, they ‘destroy the normal tissue A though C when The A B C D B in the manner of D because course of the disease depends on many factors part of a meal usual way that something develops where you play golf something you take at school V WORD FAMILY A Complete the sentences with words related to the word choice 148 LESSON 14 - Cancer a choice d chosen ‘b choose l.The doctor of treatment is usually made by the Sometimes a family will patient he has cancer 3.IEis the drugof 4.He in school c chose — not totell the for this type of illness to learn English rather than French Eleanor was _ to play the role of Juliet _ The committee has finally Ầ Woman as hair .# You should_ where we eat —-I don’t mind, WORD FAMILY B : Complete the sentences with words related to the word support a support (n) d supporter : b, support (v) e supportive sc supported ¢1 The middle part of the bridge is _ by two huge towers _ She needs a high i income to _._ such a large family The team’s them play 410s difficultto - — traveleda long way to see To -— yourself-on this salary Encourage the family members of a cancer patient to visit him and be 149° PART TWO My aunt S me enormously when my mother died 7, Thanks for all your _at this difficult time The care you give your cancer patient includes both physical and emotional city + 10 _ in the { Listening Scripts — LESSON Introduction to Anatomy and Physiology The Skin What does physiology study? What organs are situated in your chest? -3 What's the largest system of our body? — 4, What happens if the nail bed is destroyed? What are limbs? LESSON ‘The Skeletal System ‘and the Muscular System What bones protect the brain? What does the rib cage protect? As we age, our bones become more brittle 4, What connects a bone to another? - 5, What are the two types of muscles? 153 — LE§SON ~The Nervous System Endocrine System and the What’s the hospital department that helps patients learn to things again? What part of the nervous system controls activities om mm G2 on the left side of the body? What you call the bones on your back? Where hormones go from endocrine glands? What part of the nervous system that controls the activities of the organs of the body? What endocrine glands secrete? _LESSON The C ‘irculatory System — Have you ever had any heart trouble that you know about? What you call the blood vessels that lead away from the heart? What condition does a person suffer from when he has too few red blood cells? What p art? artery supplies the heart Which of these help fight infection? LESSON Ibe Respiratory System Which of these is not an organ of the respiratory system? Where are the main organs of respiration situated? What vocal cords do? 4, Where does the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide take place? 5, What system brings oxygen into the lungs? _LESSON _#be Digestive ‘System A Listen to the questions or statements, Choose the best answer to each question or the best interpretation of each statement 2, Where does the digestive tract begin? Which of these is a part of the large intestine? Has this distress come on before breakfast? Your father’s condition is quite poor [t seems that he’s had diarrhea for six days It’s very difficult for him to swallow 155 The doctor says, “You'll have to take this test with an empty stomach that day.” Now, Mrs Brown, tell me, you have any trouble ’ with your stemach or bowels? Sandra ate too much last night, so she’s got a stomachache today B Now listeri to these conversations and try to write down the words that go in the blanks P: Patient; D: Doctor P: It’s really bad pain, Doctor Down here D: Which side? P: This side D: How long has this been going on? When did it start? P: Yesterday morning, Doctor I thought perhaps it was indigestion, but it’s too bad for that -D: All right Now just lie down here That’s right Now where exactly does it hurt? Is it here? P: Ooh! Yes! D: Good morning, Mrs, Palmer What's the problem? P: Well, I've got a bad sore throat, Doctor D: Oh, dear How long have you had it? _ P: Oh, about a week It’s getting very painful It’s difficult to eat 156 LESSON7 Ihe Urinary System What organ brings urine to the outside ? When does the bladder expand ? What is the urethra ? 4, How many times a night you have to pass your water? Which of these organs is not found in a female ? What organ lies anterior to the rectum in the male and to the uterus and vagina in the ferale ? LESSON 1ihe Reproductive System Which of these does not belong to the male reproductive system? nN What is the discharge of semen to the exterior nh G2 called? What lines the wall of the uterus? When was your last period? Tỉ Œ Ơi Which of the following leads to the outside? ˆ Which of these organs is not found in a male? What was the year of your birth? 157 LESSON Hypertension nN The patient complains of vision changes _ Scientists are investigating diet as a possible cause of lì hypertension Ww Be sure of your-patient’s compliance with his medication 4, How should you answer your patient’s questions about hypertension? The patient has nightmares L [ESSON 10 Heart Attack ~ Myocardial — Infarction How does a cardiac cripple feel? What should not be used around pacemakers? What happens to a patient's skin if he has edema? €1 In what organ of your body does a myocardial infarction occur? What does a lawnmower do? 158 ` ; : LESSON 11 : Diabetes What organ produces insulin? Which of these is nof a symptom of diabetes mellitus? What happens when there is extra sugar in the bloodstream? 4, What you want to when you are thirsty? What happens to a patient when he has coma? LESSON 12 Cerebrovascular Accident ‘ Where does acerebrovascular accident occur? What happens to a patient suffering from loss of speech? What usually happens when a blood vessel is blocked? What happens when a blood vessel bursts? What does a psychiatrist do? ” 159 LESSON 13 | Arthritis: Which of these you find in your legs? Which of these terms refers to inflammation of the Jfoinis? Which of these attacks the spine? 4, Which of these normally attacks the elderly? What happens to the joints and Jinings after con- tinual use? LE SSON 14 - Cancer WN Why should control of cancer be done before metastasis occurs? Doctor, you think [ have cancer? What is the spread of cancer referred to as? & This cancer patient was treated by a combination therapy Gì Itis very difficult for him to swallow 160