Đang tải... (xem toàn văn)
bài đọc mẫu có đáp án Practice for reading SET 1: Questions 110 refer to the following passage. Awarded the Nobel prize for physics in 1918, German physicist Max Planck is best remembered as the originator of the quantum theory. His work helped usher in a new era in theoretical physics and revolutionized the scientific communitys understanding of atomic and subatomic processes. Planck introduced an idea that led to the quantum theory, which became the foundation of twentieth century physics. In December 1900, Planck worked out an equation that described the distribution of radiation accurately over the range of low to high frequencies. He had developed a theory which depended on a model of matter that seemed very strange at the time. The model required the emission of electromagnetic radiation in small chunks or particles. These particles were later called quantums. The energy associated with each quantum is measured by multiplying the frequency of the radiation, v, by a universal constant, h. Thus, energy, or E, equals hv. The constant, h, is known as Plancks constant. It is now recognized as one of the fundamental constants of the world. Planck announced his findings in 1900, but is was years before the full consequences of his revolutionary quantum theory were recognized. Throughout his life, Planck made significant contributions to optics, thermodynamics and statistical mechanics, physical chemistry, and other fields. In 1930 he was elected president of the Kaiser Wilhelm Society, which was renamed the Max Planck Society after World War II. Though deeply opposed to the fascist regime of Adolf Hitler, Planck remained in Germany throughout the war. He died in Gottingen on October 4, 1947 1. In which of the following fields did Max Planck NOT make a significant contribution? (A) Optics (B) Thermodynamics (C) Statistical mechanics (D) Biology 2. The word revolutionary, as used in line 15, means (A) dangerous. (B) extremist. (C) momentous. (D) militarist. 3. It can be inferred from the passage that Plancks work led to the development of which of the following? (A) The rocket (B) The atomic bomb (C) The internal combustion engine (D) The computer 4. The particles of electromagnetic radiation given off by matter are known as (A) quantums. (B) atoms. (C) electrons. (D) valences. 5. The word universal, as used in line 12 most nearly means (A) planetary. (B) cosmic. (C) worldwide. (D) always present. 6. The implication in this passage is that (A) only a German physicist could discover such a theory. (B) quantum theory, which led to the development of twentiethth century physics, is basically a mathematical formula. (C) Plancks constant was not discernible before 1900. (D) radiation was hard to study. 7. An idea as used in line 5, refers to (A) a model of matter. (B) emission of electromagnetic radiation. (C) quantums. (D) the equation that described the distribution of radiation accurately over the range of low to high frequencies. 8. The word emission as used in line 9 means (A) giving off. (B) holding on to. (C) throwing away. (D) taking back. 9. Plancks constant, expressed in a mathematical formula, is (A) e = vh (B) E = hv (C) e=hv (D) E = hv 10. What is known as Plancks constant? (A) v (B) h (C) e (D) E Questions 1120 refer to the following passage There has been much speculation about the origin of baseball. In 1907 a special commission decided that the modern game was invented by Abner Doubleday, a West Point cadet, at Cooperstown, N.Y., in 1839. One hundred years later the National Baseball Museum was opened at Cooperstown to honor Doubleday. Historians, however, disagree about the origin of baseball. Some say that baseball comes from batandball games of ancient times. It is a matter of record that in the 1700s English boys played a game they called baseball. Americans have played a kind of baseball since about 1800. At first the American game had different rules and different names in various parts of the country—town ball, rounders, or one old cat. Youngsters today still play some of these simplified forms of the game. Baseball did not receive a standard set of rules until 1845, when Alexander Cartwright organized the Knickerbocker Baseball Club of New York City. The rules Cartwright set up for his nineplayer team were widely adopted by other clubs and formed the basis of modern baseball. The game was played on a diamond infield with the bases 90 feet apart. The first team to score 21 runs was declared the winner. By 1858 the National Association of Base Ball Players was formed with 25 amateur teams. The Cincinnati Red Stockings began to pay players in 1869. 11. Which of the following is true about the origins of baseball? (A) Historians agree that baseball was invented by Abner Doubleday. (B) Baseball, as played in the early nineteenth century, differed very little from todays game. (C) As early as the 1700s, English boys played a came called baseball. (D) The first standard set of baseball rules was established at the turn of the century. 12. What was the first professional baseball team? (A) New York Knickerbockers (B) Milwaukee Braves (C) Cincinnati Red Stockings (D) Brooklyn Dodgers 13. Who first gave baseball a standard set of rules? (A) Abner Doubleday (B) Alexander Cartwright (C) Albert Spalding (D) Babe Ruth 14. Which of the following was not a predecessor of baseball? (A) Rounders (B) Town ball (C) Cricket (D) One old cat 15. In what year was the National Baseball Museum opened? (A) 1939 (B) 1907 (C) 1839 (D) 1845 16. The word adopted in line 12 means (A) established. (B) accepted. (C) rejected. (D) abolished. 17. The word standard in line 10 means (A) normal. (B) disputed. (C) conclusive. (D) official. 18. According to the passage, where is the National Baseball Museum located? (A) Cooperstown (B) New York City (C) Cincinnati (D) West Point 19. The tone of the passage is (A) persuasive. (B) informative. (C) biased. (D) argumentative. 20. The passage implies that until 1869, baseball was played for all of the following reasons EXCEPT (A) exercise. (B) leisure. (C) profit. (D) socializing. Questions 2130 refer to the following passage. The blue of the sea is caused by the scattering of sunlight by tiny particles suspended in the water. Blue light, being of short wavelength, is scattered more efficiently than light of longer wavelengths. Although waters of the open ocean are commonly some shade of blue, especially in tropical or subtropical regions, green water is commonly seen near coasts. This is caused by yellow pigments being mixed with blue water. Phytoplankton are one source of the yellow pigment. Other microscopic plants may color the water brown or brownishred. Near the shore silt or sediment in suspension can give waters a brownish hue; outflow of large rivers can often be observed many miles offshore by the coloration of suspended soil particles. Marine phytoplankton (Greek for plant wanderers) are microscopic singlecelled plants that include diatoms, dinoflagellates, coccolithophorids, green algae, and bluegreen algae, among others. The growth of these organisms, which photosynthesize light, depends on a delicate balance between nutrient enrichment by vertical mixing, often limited by the availability of nitrogen and light. Diatoms are onecelled plants with patterned glass coverings. Each glass, or silicon dioxide box, is ornamented with speciesspecific designs, pits, and perforations making them popular with microscopists and, more recently, scanning electron microscopists. Some of the thousands of kinds of phytoplankton swim feebly by lashing a whiplike thread appendage called a flagellum. The dinoflagellates are known for their biolumines cence, or phosphorescence, a cold light similar to that of fireflies. 21. The growth of phytoplankton is often limited by the availability of (A) oxygen. (B) hydrogen. (C) nitrogen. (D) carbon dioxide. 22. Which of the following is not a type of phytoplankton? (A) Green algae (B) Diatoms (C) Bluegreen algae (D) Amoeba 23. Many phytoplankton use an appendage called a flagellum for (A) reproduction. (B) propulsion. (C) digestion. (D) respiration. 24. What color pigment is phytoplankton a source of? (A) Red (B) Green (C) Yellow (D) Blue 25. What can give waters a brownish hue near the shore? (A) Sediment (B) Phytoplankton (C) Blue pigment (D) Diatoms 26. All ocean water is the same shade of blue (A) in all places. (B) at all times. (C) hardly ever. (D) because all light waves are the same length. 27. Blue light is (A) a short wavelength. (B) a long wavelength. (C) about equal to all other wavelengths. (D) not scatterable. 28. Green water near coastlines is almost always caused by (A) sand color. (B) red pigments in coastal waters. (C) blue pigment. (D) reflected light and yellow pigment from plant life. 29. Phytoplankton are (A) short light rays. (B) suspended soil particles. (C) microscopic floating plants. (D) long light rays. 30. The main idea of this passage is (A) light causes sea color. (B) sea coloration is varied because of a combination of length of light waves and microscopic plant life and silt. (C) microscopic plant life causes sea color. (D) water composition causes sea color. Questions 3140 refer to the following passage. Biomass is organic material such as trees, crops, manure, seaweed, and algae. Biomass captures and stores energy though a process called photosynthesis. Carbon dioxide from the air enters the leaf through the stomata. Water travels to the leaf cells from the soil through the xylem in the roots and stems. The captured light energy is then used to break down the water into oxygen molecules and hydrogen atoms and to join these hydrogen atoms to the carbon dioxide molecules to make sugar molecules. Six molecules of oxygen are produced as a waste product and are released into the air through the stomata. This energy can be released from any form of biomass through conversion processes to produce a variety of useful energy forms—gas, steam, hydrogen, charcoal, methane, and synthetic oils with byproducts for food, fertilizers, and chemicals as a bonus. These energy forms in turn can be used to produce electricity, heat, and transportation fuels, reducing the use of conventional nonrenewable energy sources. 31. Which of the following is NOT an energy form produced by the conversion of biomass? (A) Methane (B) Steam (C) Oxygen (D) Synthetic oils 32. What is the name of the specialized structures in green plants that carries out photosynthesis? (A) Enzymes (B) Chlorophyll (C) Stomata (D) Chloroplasts 33. Which of the following is NOT an essential ingredient for photosynthesis to occur? (A) Sunlight (B) Carbon dioxide (C) Oxygen (D) Water 34. In line 11, synthetic most nearly means (A) artificial. (B) natural. (C) useful. (D) organic. 35. How many molecules of oxygen are produced by photosynthesis (A) Four (B) Eight (C) Six (D) Two 36. The main idea of this passage is that biomass (A) is inorganic material. (B) uses energy (C) is the beginning of many natural energy forms that conserve use of conventional energy sources. (D) uses photosynthesis to transport fuels 37. Which of the following is not mentioned in the passage as organic material? (A) Metal (B) Crops (C) Manure (D) Algae 38. In this passage photosynthesis is the
Practice for reading SET 1: Questions 1-10 refer to the following passage. Awarded the Nobel prize for physics in 1918, German physicist Max Planck is best remembered as the originator of the quantum theory. His work helped usher in a new era in theoretical physics and revolutionized the scientific community's understanding of atomic and subatomic processes. Planck introduced an idea that led to the quantum theory, which became the foundation of twentieth century physics. In December 1900, Planck worked out an equation that described the distribution of radiation accurately over the range of low to high frequencies. He had developed a theory which depended on a model of matter that seemed very strange at the time. The model required the emission of electromagnetic radiation in small chunks or particles. These particles were later called quantums. The energy associated with each quantum is measured by multiplying the frequency of the radiation, v, by a universal constant, h. Thus, energy, or E, equals hv. The constant, h, is known as Planck's constant. It is now recognized as one of the fundamental constants of the world. Planck announced his findings in 1900, but is was years before the full consequences of his revolutionary quantum theory were recognized. Throughout his life, Planck made significant contributions to optics, thermodynamics and statistical mechanics, physical chemistry, and other fields. In 1930 he was elected president of the Kaiser Wilhelm Society, which was renamed the Max Planck Society after World War II. Though deeply opposed to the fascist regime of Adolf Hitler, Planck remained in Germany throughout the war. He died in Gottingen on October 4, 1947 1. In which of the following fields did Max Planck NOT make a significant contribution? (A) Optics (B) Thermodynamics (C) Statistical mechanics (D) Biology 2. The word "revolutionary," as used in line 15, means (A) dangerous. (B) extremist. (C) momentous. (D) militarist. 3. It can be inferred from the passage that Planck's work led to the development of which of the following? (A) The rocket (B) The atomic bomb (C) The internal combustion engine (D) The computer 4. The particles of electromagnetic radiation given off by matter are known as (A) quantums. (B) atoms. (C) electrons. (D) valences. 5. The word "universal," as used in line 12 most nearly means (A) planetary. (B) cosmic. (C) worldwide. (D) always present. 6. The implication in this passage is that (A) only a German physicist could discover such a theory. (B) quantum theory, which led to the development of twentiethth century physics, is basically a mathematical formula. (C) Planck's constant was not discernible before 1900. (D) radiation was hard to study. 7. "An idea" as used in line 5, refers to (A) a model of matter. (B) emission of electromagnetic radiation. (C) quantums. (D) the equation that described the distribution of radiation accurately over the range of low to high frequencies. 8. The word "emission" as used in line 9 means (A) giving off. (B) holding on to. (C) throwing away. (D) taking back. 9. Planck's constant, expressed in a mathematical formula, is (A) e = v/h (B) E = h/v (C) e=h-v (D) E = hv 10. What is known as Planck's constant? (A) v (B) h (C) e (D) E Questions 11-20 refer to the following passage There has been much speculation about the origin of baseball. In 1907 a special commission decided that the modern game was invented by Abner Doubleday, a West Point cadet, at Cooperstown, N.Y., in 1839. One hundred years later the National Baseball Museum was opened at Cooperstown to honor Doubleday. Historians, however, disagree about the origin of baseball. Some say that baseball comes from bat-and-ball games of ancient times. It is a matter of record that in the 1700s English boys played a game they called baseball. Americans have played a kind of baseball since about 1800. At first the American game had different rules and different names in various parts of the country—town ball, rounders, or one old cat. Youngsters today still play some of these simplified forms of the game. Baseball did not receive a standard set of rules until 1845, when Alexander Cartwright organized the Knickerbocker Baseball Club of New York City. The rules Cartwright set up for his nine- player team were widely adopted by other clubs and formed the basis of modern baseball. The game was played on a "diamond" infield with the bases 90 feet apart. The first team to score 21 runs was declared the winner. By 1858 the National Association of Base Ball Players was formed with 25 amateur teams. The Cincinnati Red Stockings began to pay players in 1869. 11. Which of the following is true about the origins of baseball? (A) Historians agree that baseball was invented by Abner Doubleday. (B) Baseball, as played in the early nineteenth century, differed very little from today's game. (C) As early as the 1700s, English boys played a came called "baseball." (D) The first standard set of baseball rules was established at the turn of the century. 12. What was the first professional baseball team? (A) New York Knickerbockers (B) Milwaukee Braves (C) Cincinnati Red Stockings (D) Brooklyn Dodgers 13. Who first gave baseball a standard set of rules? (A) Abner Doubleday (B) Alexander Cartwright (C) Albert Spalding (D) Babe Ruth 14. Which of the following was not a predecessor of baseball? (A) Rounders (B) Town ball (C) Cricket (D) One old cat 15. In what year was the National Baseball Museum opened? (A) 1939 (B) 1907 (C) 1839 (D) 1845 16. The word "adopted" in line 12 means (A) established. (B) accepted. (C) rejected. (D) abolished. 17. The word "standard" in line 10 means (A) normal. (B) disputed. (C) conclusive. (D) official. 18. According to the passage, where is the National Baseball Museum located? (A) Cooperstown (B) New York City (C) Cincinnati (D) West Point 19. The tone of the passage is (A) persuasive. (B) informative. (C) biased. (D) argumentative. 20. The passage implies that until 1869, baseball was played for all of the following reasons EXCEPT (A) exercise. (B) leisure. (C) profit. (D) socializing. Questions 21-30 refer to the following passage. The blue of the sea is caused by the scattering of sunlight by tiny particles suspended in the water. Blue light, being of short wavelength, is scattered more efficiently than light of longer wavelengths. Although waters of the open ocean are commonly some shade of blue, especially in tropical or subtropical regions, green water is commonly seen near coasts. This is caused by yellow pigments being mixed with blue water. Phytoplankton are one source of the yellow pigment. Other microscopic plants may color the water brown or brownish-red. Near the shore silt or sediment in suspension can give waters a brownish hue; outflow of large rivers can often be observed many miles offshore by the coloration of suspended soil particles. Marine phytoplankton (Greek for "plant wanderers") are microscopic single-celled plants that include diatoms, dinoflagellates, coccolithophorids, green algae, and blue-green algae, among others. The growth of these organisms, which photosynthesize light, depends on a delicate balance between nutrient enrichment by vertical mixing, often limited by the availability of nitrogen and light. Diatoms are one-celled plants with patterned glass coverings. Each glass, or silicon dioxide box, is ornamented with species-specific designs, pits, and perforations making them popular with microscopists and, more recently, scanning electron microscopists. Some of the thousands of kinds of phytoplankton swim feebly by lashing a whiplike thread appendage called a flagellum. The dinoflagellates are known for their biolumines- cence, or phosphorescence, a "cold light" similar to that of fireflies. 21. The growth of phytoplankton is often limited by the availability of (A) oxygen. (B) hydrogen. (C) nitrogen. (D) carbon dioxide. 22. Which of the following is not a type of phytoplankton? (A) Green algae (B) Diatoms (C) Blue-green algae (D) Amoeba 23. Many phytoplankton use an appendage called a flagellum for (A) reproduction. (B) propulsion. (C) digestion. (D) respiration. 24. What color pigment is phytoplankton a source of? (A) Red (B) Green (C) Yellow (D) Blue 25. What can give waters a brownish hue near the shore? (A) Sediment (B) Phytoplankton (C) Blue pigment (D) Diatoms 26. All ocean water is the same shade of blue (A) in all places. (B) at all times. (C) hardly ever. (D) because all light waves are the same length. 27. Blue light is (A) a short wavelength. (B) a long wavelength. (C) about equal to all other wavelengths. (D) not scatterable. 28. Green water near coastlines is almost always caused by (A) sand color. (B) red pigments in coastal waters. (C) blue pigment. (D) reflected light and yellow pigment from plant life. 29. Phytoplankton are (A) short light rays. (B) suspended soil particles. (C) microscopic floating plants. (D) long light rays. 30. The main idea of this passage is (A) light causes sea color. (B) sea coloration is varied because of a combination of length of light waves and microscopic plant life and silt. (C) microscopic plant life causes sea color. (D) water composition causes sea color. Questions 31-40 refer to the following passage. Biomass is organic material such as trees, crops, manure, seaweed, and algae. Biomass captures and stores energy though a process called photosynthesis. Carbon dioxide from the air enters the leaf through the stomata. Water travels to the leaf cells from the soil through the xylem in the roots and stems. The captured light energy is then used to break down the water into oxygen molecules and hydrogen atoms and to join these hydrogen atoms to the carbon dioxide molecules to make sugar molecules. Six molecules of oxygen are produced as a waste product and are released into the air through the stomata. This energy can be released from any form of biomass through conversion processes to produce a variety of useful energy forms—gas, steam, hydrogen, charcoal, methane, and synthetic oils with by-products for food, fertilizers, and chemicals as a bonus. These energy forms in turn can be used to produce electricity, heat, and transportation fuels, reducing the use of conventional nonrenewable energy sources. 31. Which of the following is NOT an energy form produced by the conversion of biomass? (A) Methane (B) Steam (C) Oxygen (D) Synthetic oils 32. What is the name of the specialized structures in green plants that carries out photosynthesis? (A) Enzymes (B) Chlorophyll (C) Stomata (D) Chloroplasts 33. Which of the following is NOT an essential "ingredient" for photosynthesis to occur? (A) Sunlight (B) Carbon dioxide (C) Oxygen (D) Water 34. In line 11, "synthetic" most nearly means (A) artificial. (B) natural. (C) useful. (D) organic. 35. How many molecules of oxygen are produced by photosynthesis" (A) Four (B) Eight (C) Six (D) Two 36. The main idea of this passage is that biomass (A) is inorganic material. (B) uses energy (C) is the beginning of many natural energy forms that conserve use of conventional energy sources. (D) uses photosynthesis to transport fuels 37. Which of the following is not mentioned in the passage as organic material? (A) Metal (B) Crops (C) Manure (D) Algae 38. In this passage "photosynthesis" is the [...]... government publishes guidelines for appropriate nutrient intakes These are known as the Recommended Dietary Allowances (RDAs) and are updated regularly based on new research in the science of nutrition RDAs are suggested amounts of calories, protein, and some minerals and vitamins for an adequate diet For other dietary substances, specific goals must await further research However, for the U.S population as... suggestions are especially appropriate for people who have other factors for chronic diseases such as family history of obesity, premature heart disease, diabetes, high blood pressure, and high blood cholesterol, or for those who use tobacco Snacks can furnish about one-fourth of the calorie requirements among teenagers Those snacks should also furnish much of the day's allowances for protein, minerals, and vitamins... through a park (D) in what direction one drives to get to a particular attraction 37 The implication for handicapped people is that (A) they are welcome but not provided for in most parks (B) they are welcome and provided for in most parks (C) they are not really welcome in most parks (D) there are no facilities for them in most parks 38 The background material described includes all the following EXCEPT... the inability to produce the sequential, rapid, and precise movements required for speech Nothing is wrong with the child's vocal apparatus, but the child's brain cannot give correct instructions for the motor movements involved in speech This disorder is characterized by many sound omissions Some verbally dyspraxic children, for instance, speak only in vowels, making their speech nearly unintelligible... are other large white birds with black wing tips, however—the white pelican, wood ibis, and snow goose And the young birds, mottled with rusty brown, could be mistaken for the more common sandhill cranes The federal authorities, therefore, are urging hunters to adopt the slogan "Don't Shoot Any Large White Bird." 51 The whooping crane almost disappeared because of (A) disease (B) alteration of its habitat... patterns emerge The names for many of these star patterns retain the names given to them by the Greeks which were most often derived from mythology The Greeks only knew 48 star pattersn Today's astronomers have charted 88 of these patterns, or constellations, which may be viewed from different parts of the world at different times of the year 21 Stars have been relied upon for all of the following EXCEPT... assistance for those who have visual, auditory, or other physical limitations Most have parking lots, restrooms, and other features that are accessible to disabled persons If accessibility is important to you, however, inquire in advance 31 What do most parks NOT offer? (A) Lodging (B) Restrooms (C) Nature trails (D) Exhibits 32 Which of the following park areas might have special facilities for a handicapped... vitamins Sandwiches, fruit, and milk make good snacks for active teenagers Food from the food pyramid may be part of any meal A grilled cheese sandwich or a bowl of whole-grain cereal is just as nutritious in the morning as it is at noon In addition, a good breakfast consists of any foods that supply about one-fourth of the necessary nutrients for the day 41 The passage directly states that most of... important to know RDAs (D) RDAs are necessary only for sick people 48 Most of the U.S population would do well to include in their diets more (A) alcohol (B) sugars (C) fats (D) starch and fiber 49 "Chronic" as used in line 8 means (A) continuing (B) intermittent (C) acute (D) curable 50 The reduction of calories in the diet is particularlary good for people who suffer from (A) obesity (B) premature... consonants in this passage is that (A) they are not necessary for intelligent human speech (B) without them human speech is unintelligible (C) lack of them causes stuttering (D) lack of them slows down human speech 60 The real source in the disability of verbal dyspraxia is (A) vocal apparatus (B) the brain's inability to give instructions for motor movements involved in speech (C) the child's personality . Practice for reading SET 1: Questions 1-10 refer to the following passage. Awarded the Nobel prize for physics in 1918, German physicist Max Planck. released from any form of biomass through conversion processes to produce a variety of useful energy forms—gas, steam, hydrogen, charcoal, methane, and synthetic oils with by-products for food, fertilizers,. of calories, protein, and some minerals and vitamins for an adequate diet. For other dietary substances, specific goals must await further research. However, for the U.S. population as a whole, increasing