[...]... pursues citizens’ interests and articulates citizens’ views; rather, we are asking whether there is a systematic causal connection between citizens having certain interests and views (on the one hand) and such Introduction 5 interests and views being identified and pursued by their political system (on the other) I argue, however, that existing democratic devices such as elections and party systems... short in achieving this kind of responsiveness Moreover, there are good reasons to think that ‘civil society’ cannot compensate adequately for the shortcomings of these formal mechanisms I propose three kinds of institutional innovation that are required to induce representatives to collectively judge and act in the interests of citizens and with appropriate attention to citizens’ views The first innovation... on conduct in war) and duties of contract (observing treaties and undertakings, mutual assistance in times of need) (LP 30–43, 89–113).16 According to Rawls, these are nothing less than liberal principles of global justice Notably missing from such a law of peoples are principles for respecting persons as free and equal citizens with constitutional democratic rights; if the latter were included, decent... and not 14 Global Justice question’; indeed, he saw no reason why such a starting-point would not result in the adoption of exactly the same principles.18 In the book, however, his reasons for preferring a thin statist procedure can now be discerned I term them the arguments from incorporation, toleration, cohesion, and realism: 1 Incorporation—if peoples are stipulated to take members’ interests into... explicates and then criticises one of those four arguments and in so doing further develops an alternative conception of global justice Sections 1 and 2 consider how widely the scope of liberal moral and political concern ought to be drawn, arguing for representation of persons through a global rather than a two-stage (domestic and then international) original position Section 3 explores the cosmopolitan institutional... the predominant preserve of the state Prelude: Rawls’ Constructivism and Thin States In LP, Rawls attempts to provide ‘a particular political conception of right and justice that applies to principles and norms of international law and practice’ (LP 3) The question to which this conception Global Justice 9 answers is the following: how can the conception of justice as fairness, elaborated in Political... other rights and fundamental interests Do peoples’ and persons’ interests necessarily coincide? There is good reason to think not: depending on how subjects are divided into sets at the outset, the outcomes of reasonable and rational deliberation— about what their interests are and how best to pursue those interests— will differ Consider the following example.24 In a world of two states, U and D (Underdeveloped... growth in the extent, intensity, velocity, and scope of impact of cross-border human social relations and transactions.2 My concern is with the glaring absence of a corresponding increase in our capacities to exercise political control over this enmeshed world This deficit is partly due to a peculiar way in which our practical imagination is constrained If liberalism and democracy are seen as ineradicably... ideal theory, three basic features—institutional, cultural, and moral Institutionally, each people has a ‘reasonably just government that serves their [a people’s] fundamental interests’: protecting their territory; preserving their political institutions, culture, independence, and self-respect as a corporate body; and guaranteeing the safety, security, and well-being of their citizens (LP 23–9, 34–5)... He also reminds us of the common good conception of justice, which takes account of persons’ important interests, ensuring that decent peoples would accept principles honouring basic human rights (LP 78–81) Finally, a decent people’s fundamental interests in security, independence, the benefits of trade, and so on—would lead it to accept and adopt the laws of peace (nonintervention, war only in self-defence, . Global Responsibilities: Who Must Deliver on Human Rights? DEMOCRACY BEYOND BORDERS JUSTICE AND REPRESENTATION IN GLOBAL INSTITUTIONS ANDREW KUPER 1 1 Great Clarendon Street, Oxford OX2 6DP Oxford. media and democracy, charity and global poverty relief, globalization and the role of corporations in development. He is the editor of Global Responsibilities: Who Must Deliver on Human Rights? DEMOCRACY. h0" alt="" DEMOCRACY BEYOND BORDERS About the Author Dr. Andrew Kuper is a Managing Director at Ashoka—Innovators for the Public, which supports and connects social entrepreneurs in over sixty