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[...]... Chapter 1 Introduction to Physical Chemistry: Acids and Bases,’ The G s Laws, Numerical and Graphical Problem Solving a Introduction States of Matter Acids and Bases The Gas Laws - Idea of Proportionality Kinetic Theory of Gases The General Gas Equation Importance of Units in Physical Chemistry A General Working Method to Solve Numerical Problems in Physical Chemistry Working Method for Graphical Problems... measured in K WORKING METHOD FOR GRAPHICAL PROBLEMS A corresponding working method can be applied to graphical problems in physical chemistry, adopting the same approach 1 Read the question carefully 2 Identify the tabulated data given to you; tables of data normally mean a graph has to be plotted Remember, you might not necessarily be told this in a problem Introduction to Physical Chemistry 13 3 Convert... Ross Stickland, Physical Chemistry Section, Department of Chemistry, University of Wales, Cardiff and Gillian Murphy, Department of Chemistry, University of Cork, for proof-reading this text The following are also acknowledged for useful suggestions and continued support: Professor Wyn Roberts, Head of Department, University of Wales, Cardiff, Dr Gary Attard, Dr Eryl Owen, Physical Chemistry Section,... a Reaction Working Method for the Determination of the Order of a Reaction by the Method of Initial Rates How Concentration Dependence, i.e the Order of a Reaction, Can be Used to Develop a Mechanism for a Reaction Summary Chapter 9 Chemical Kinetics 1 : The Arrhenius Equation and Graphical 1 Problems Molecularity The Activation Energy of a Reaction The Arrhenius Equation Working Method for the Solution... units Physical quantity Name SI equivalent ~~ Volume (V) Pressure (p) Litre (1) Bar 1 I = 10-3m3 1 bar = 10’ N m-’ A GENERAL WORKING METHOD TO SOLVE NUMERICAL PROBLEMS IN PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY Read the question carefully-do not be put off by the sheer length or intricacy of a question If you do not see the wood for the trees immediately-don’t worry -all will be revealed f you i use a stepwise systematic approach! ... appreciable binding force between the molecules However, van der Waals forces exist (intermolecular forces of attraction and repulsion), and with polar molecules, other attractive forces exist Assumption 3 This assumption is valid, as shown by Brownian motion Assumptions 4 and 5 These assumptions are true, since in any elastic collision, kinetic energy is not lost Introduction to Physical Chemistry 9 Conclusion... 24 24 24 27 29 31 33 34 34 34 35 36 36 37 40 42 44 44 46 47 47 48 50 52 53 55 59 59 60 61 62 Contents Chapter 6 Electrochemistry I: Galvanic Cells Introduction to Electrochemistry Redox Reactions - Revision Galvanic Cells Working Method for Galvanic Cell Problems Chapter 7 Electrochemistry 11: Electrolytic Cells Electrolysis Types of Electrolytic Cells Examples of Electrolytic Cell Type Problems Summary... Professor Michael B Hursthouse, Structural Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Wales, Cardiff Chapter I Introduction to Physical Chemistry: Acids and Bases, The Gas Laws and Numerical and Graphical Problem Solving INTRODUCTION This chapter is a brief introduction to many of the assumptions made in the remainder of this text and the basis of physical chemistry type problems The spider diagram... problems will be considered, using the above working method CONCLUSION In Chapter 1, some of the basic concepts of physical chemistry are introduced, as well as the systematic step-by-step working methods which should be used where appropriate to tackle numerical or graphical problems in physical chemistry MULTIPLE-CHOICE TEST 1 Charles's Law states that: (a) V = kn (b) Vocp (c) V = kT (d)pV = nRT 2 Which... therefore, w is - ve Thermodynamics I 19 From physics, work = force x distance (w = F x d ) and pressure = force/area (p = F / A ) , as defined in Chapter 1 Therefore, force = pressure x area, i.e w = (pA)d But since volume = length x breadth x height = area x height, this means w = P A Y , where A V is the change in volume, i.e Vfinal - Vinitial Since w is - ve, then w = -pAV But, AU = q w Therefore, . A- (conjugate base). The conjugate base is a base since it can accept a proton to reform HA, the acid. Similarly, when a base accepts a proton, H+ , the conjugate acid of the base is said. Fax: + 44 (0) 1462 480947 RSC Paperbacks A WORKING METHOD APPROACH FOR INTRODUCTORY PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY CALCULATIONS Numerical and Graphical Problem Solving BRIAN MURPHY& apos ;, CLAIR. be formed, i.e. B (base) + H+ HB+ (conjugate acid). The conjugate acid is an acid since it can donate a proton, H+ , and reform the base, e.g. NH4+ (conjugate acid) + NH3 (base)