[...]... Testing 8.1.2 Immunity Testing 8.1.3 In Situ Testing 8.2 Potential Problems During Testing and Troubleshooting 8.3 Testing and Troubleshooting Concerns 8.3.1 Systematic Approach for Emission Testing and Troubleshooting 8.3.2 Systematic Approach for Immunity Testing and Troubleshooting 8.3.3 Systematic Approach to Detecting and Locating Problems 8.3.4 Minimum Requirements for Performing EMC Tests 8.4 Repeatability... used for both testing and troubleshooting for EMC Tests must be performed somewhere Chapter 4 provides information on various facilities in common use Chapter 5 provides guidance and information on various types of transducers used to both measure emissions and inject RF energy for immunity testing Knowing which transducer to use for a particular applica- PREFACE xv tion is important for both testing and. .. problem Standard test methods do not identify where the emissions are coming from, only that they exist Therefore, it is necessary to use different techniques for development and diagnostic testing over that required for conformity compliance 1.6.2 Compliance and Precompliance Testing Many countries require compliance with international regulations before products may be imported Other countries mandate... 459 PREFACE Testing for EMC Compliance: Approaches and Techniques is another book in a series by author Mark I Montrose and first-time co-author Edward M Nakauchi The reason for this book lies in the fact that the topic of electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) and regulatory compliance, currently in the public domain, misses a particular combined aspect of EMC how to perform both emission and immunity... line 1.6 EMC TESTING METHODOLOGIES Before discussing how to perform EMC testing, and troubleshooting if necessary, there are considerations that one must be aware of The most important aspect of EMC engineering lies in understanding fundamental EM theory and being able to apply this theory to product design The next chapter provides a basic understanding of field theory and why the arena of EMC is one... configuration 1.6 EMC TESTING METHODOLOGIES 15 Products must be conceived with EMC in mind System analysis and testing must be performed at various stages of development With regard to EMC, each test has unique technical requirements along with cost and time to perform To ensure compliance, the following methodologies are recommended 1.6.1 Development Testing and Diagnostics Performing tests well... aspects of EMC These references minimize discussion of technical material and concepts beyond the scope and target audience of this book We do not discuss management and legal issues, such as how much testing should one do to ensure compliance with the EMC Directive, or how to perform EMC tests in great detail Specific information on testing is available from test standards themselves and from the... tests efficiently and what does one do “if ” the product is already designed, manufactured, and then fails EMC tests Testing for EMC Compliance: Approaches and Techniques is written to provide value to the working engineer regardless of education or experience Although the focus in this book is products classified as information technology, telecommunication, industrial, scientific, and medical, other... custom-engineered, or small-batch products There are benefits to performing precompliance testing to discover whether there are EMC concerns before a mass-produced item is submitted for certification Precompliance testing has the advantage that tests can be stopped at any time, the EUT modified, and the test redone Full -compliance testing is more expensive per day and typically permits no disruption in the test sequence... Short-Term Flicker 6.4.6.2 Instrumentation References 7 Radiated Testing 7.1 Performing Radiated Tests 7.1.1 Engineering Investigation in Laboratory or Engineer’s Office 7.1.2 Precompliance Testing 7.1.3 Performing Precompliance Analysis 7.1.4 Formal EMC Qualification Tests 7.1.5 Instrumentation Error 7.1.6 In Situ Testing of Systems and Installations 7.2 Immunity/Susceptibility Tests 7.2.1 Radiated . Frequency-Domain Analysis 12 1.6 EMC Testing Methodologies 14 1.6.1 Development Testing and Diagnostics 15 1.6.2 Compliance and Precompliance Testing 15 References 16 2 Electric, Magnetic, and Static Fields. xii PREFACE Testing for EMC Compliance: Approaches and Techniques is another book in a se- ries by author Mark I. Montrose and first-time co-author Edward M. Nakauchi. The reason for this book. one do “if ” the product is already designed, manufac- tured, and then fails EMC tests. Testing for EMC Compliance: Approaches and Techniques is written to provide value to the working engineer