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Assignment Brief (RQF) Higher National Certificate/Diploma in Business Student Name/ID Number: Đào Vĩnh Khang/ GCS200222 Unit Number and Title: Unit 43 – Internet of Things Academic Year: 2022 Unit Assessor: Ho Hai Van Assignment Title: Assignment – Internet of Things Issue Date: Submission Date: Internal Verifier Name: Date: Submission Format: Format: This assignment is an Individual assignment and specifically including document: You must use font Calibri size 12, set number of the pages and use multiple line spacing at 1.3 Margins must be: left: 1.25 cm; right: cm; top: cm and bottom: cm The reference follows Harvard referencing system The recommended word limit is 2.000-2.500 words You will not be penalized for exceeding the total word limit The cover page of the report has to be the Assignment front sheet Submission Students are compulsory to submit the assignment in due date and in a way requested by the Tutors The form of submission will be a soft copy posted on http://cms.greenwich.edu.vn/ Note: The Assignment must be your own work, and not copied by or from another student or from books etc If you use ideas, quotes or data (such as diagrams) from books, journals or other sources, you must reference your sources, using the Harvard style Make sure that you know how to reference properly, and that understand the guidelines on plagiarism If you not, you definitely get fail Unit Learning Outcomes: LO1 Analyse what aspects of IoT are necessary and appropriate when designing software applications LO2 Outline a plan for an appropriate IoT application using common architecture, frameworks, tools, hardware and APIs LO3 Develop an IoT application using any combination of hardware, software, data, platforms and services Page LO4 Evaluate your IoT application and detail the problem your IoT application solves, the potential impact on people, business, society and the end user and the problems it might encounter when integrating into the wider IoT ecosystem Assignment Brief and Guidance: You currently work as a product developer for a new startup where you design IoT products for the consumer, corporate, government and defence clients As part of your role your manager has tasked you to plan and develop a new IoT product, service or application for a potential client You are required to identify a target user and conduct tests with this user and include this feedback into multiple iterative versions of your product Part (Assignment 1): For the first part, you must: • • Plan an IoT application for a specific target end user and the tests you intend to conduct with this user This plan will be in the form of a document and will include supporting evidence and material, such as user personas and customer journey maps Create multiple iterations of your application and modify each iteration with enhancements gathered from user feedback and experimentation This will follow the pathway outlined in your plan.(log book,) Part (Assignment 2): For the first part, you must: • • Show evidence about Developed IoT application using any combination of hardware, software, data, platforms and services (video or images of your IoT system with code snippet) Evaluate your IoT application and detail the problem your IoT application solves, the potential impact on people, business, society and the end user and the problems it might encounter when integrating into the wider IoT ecosystem Page Learning Outcomes and Assessment Criteria Pass Merit Distinction LO1 Analyse what aspects of IoT are necessary and appropriate when designing software applications P1 Explore various forms of IoT functionality P2 Review standard architecture, frameworks, tools, hardware and APIs available for use in IoT development M1 Evaluate the impact of common IoT architecture, frameworks, tools, hardware and APIs in the software development lifecycle D1 Evaluate specific forms of IoT architecture and justify their usage when designing software applications M2 Evaluate the impact of common IoT architecture, frameworks, tools, hardware and APIs in IoT security LO2 Outline a plan for an appropriate IoT application using common architecture, frameworks, tools, hardware and APIs P3 Investigate architecture, frameworks, tools, hardware and API techniques available to develop IoT applications P4 Determine a specific problem to solve using IoT M3 Select the most appropriate IoT architecture, frameworks, tools, hardware and API techniques to include in an application to solve this problem D2 Make multiple iterations plan of your IoT application and modify each iteration to improve your IoT application security M4 Apply your selected techniques to create an IoT application development plan Page Table of contents Assignment Brief (RQF) Higher National Certificate/Diploma in Business Table of Contents Assignment Report .2 Task – Review and evaluate about IoT aspects .2 Explore various forms of IoT functionality (P1) 2 Review standard architecture, frameworks, tools, hardware, and APIs available for use in IoT development (P2) Investigate architecture, frameworks, tools, hardware, and API techniques available to develop IoT applications (P3) Determine a specific problem to solve using IoT (P4) .20 REFERENCES 22 Page Assignments P1/ Explore various forms of IoT functionality 1/ Definition of IOT The internet of things, or IoT, is a network of connected computing devices, mechanical and digital machinery, items, animals, or people that are provided with unique identifiers (UIDs) that may exchange data across a network without requiring human-to-human or human-to-computer interaction These gadgets include anything from common domestic items to high-tech industrial gear Today, there are more than billion connected IoT devices, and according to analysts, there will be 10 billion by 2020 and 22 billion by 2025 The term "thing" refers to any natural or artificial object that can be given an Internet Protocol (IP) address and could transfer data over a network, including people with implanted heart monitors, farm animals with biochip transponders, cars with built-in tire pressure monitors, and other examples Organizations across a range of industries are increasingly utilizing IoT to run more smoothly, better understand their consumers to provide better customer service, boost decision-making, and raise the value of the company 2/ How does IoT work? The Internet of Things (IoT) ecosystem is made up of web-enabled smart devices that use embedded systems, such as processors, sensors, and communication gear, to gather, send, and act on the data they get from their surroundings By connecting to an IoT gateway or other edge device, which either sends data to the cloud for analysis or analyzes it locally, IoT devices exchange the sensor data they collect These gadgets converse with other similar devices on occasion, acting on the data they exchange Although individuals can engage with the devices to set them up, give them instructions, or retrieve the data, the gadgets accomplish much of the job without their help These web-enabled devices' connectivity, networking, and communication protocols are heavily influenced by the IoT applications that have been implemented IoT can also employ machine learning and artificial intelligence (AI) to help make data collection processes simpler and more dynamic Page 3/ Applications of IoT Business-ready, SaaS IoT Applications IoT Intelligent Applications are prebuilt SaaS applications that can analyze and display IoT sensor data to corporate users via dashboards A whole range of IoT Intelligent Applications are available IoT apps analyze vast volumes of linked sensor data in the cloud using machine learning algorithms You may see important performance indicators, statistics for the mean time between failures, and other data using real-time IoT dashboards and alerts Algorithms built on machine learning can detect abnormalities in equipment, inform users, and even start automated repairs or preventative steps Business users may immediately improve current operations for supply chains, customer service, human resources, and financial services with cloud based IoT apps There is no need to start from scratch with every business procedure Page 4/ IoT characteristics There are the following characteristics of IoT as follows Let’s discuss it one by one • Connectivity Connectivity is an important requirement of the IoT infrastructure The IoT infrastructure should be connected to IoT objects This should always be guaranteed to be possible for everyone, everywhere, at any time For instance, connections between individuals via internet-connected devices like smartphones and other gadgets, as well as connections between individual Internet-connected objects like routers, gateways, sensors, etc • Intelligence and Identity It is crucial to extract knowledge from the generated data For instance, a sensor might produce data, but that information won't be helpful unless it is properly evaluated IoT devices each have a distinct identity The equipment can sometimes be tracked using this identity, and its condition can occasionally be inquired • Scalability The number of elements connected to the IoT zone is increasing day by day An IoT setup should therefore be able to handle the enormous expansion Because of how much data is produced as a result, it needs to be handled carefully • Dynamic and Self-Adapting (Complexity) IoT devices should dynamically adjust to the various scenarios and contexts Assume there is a camera for surveillance It should be flexible enough to operate in various lighting and environmental circumstances (morning, afternoon, night) • Architecture IoT architecture can't be uniform in design It must be hybrid and able to work with items from various manufacturers in the IoT network No engineering branch owns the Internet of Things When several disciplines join, IoT becomes a reality • Safety When a user's gadgets are all online, there is a risk that the user's sensitive personal information will be compromised The user may suffer a loss as a result Data security is the main issue as a result In addition, the necessary equipment is enormous IoT networks could also be under danger Safety of the equipment is therefore essential Some examples for real world application of IoT Page • Shopping Mall – Proximity Marketing The modern consumer loves the ease of a digital lens but also likes to feel and touch products before making a purchase As a result, when a customer who frequently visits a store is in close proximity to that store, IoT sensors can send the customer's information to the hyper decision framework, which will analyze the customer's behavior and shopping patterns to send the appropriate message to the appropriate person, at the appropriate time and place • Asset Tracking High-value inventory, tools, fixtures, dies, jigs and other items for the industry are examples of assets For the healthcare industry, examples of assets include numerous movable test machines like the ECG machine, portable X-ray machines, portable ultrasound machines, stretchers, and wheelchairs These assets must be tracked in order to make it simple to keep track of their location, and lifespan, and help with yearly asset audits BLE IoT sensors are used to connect assets Anyone who requires information about the asset can check the dashboard, application, or mobile device to see where it is because these sensors communicate with the receivers • Warehouse Pallet Tracking For many businesses, reusable pallets in a warehouse are a valuable resource Pallet tracking makes it simple to identify the location of the pallets and helps to prevent time and valuable inventory waste as warehouses grow in size and the variety of inventory expands every year Pallets may also be equipped with BLE IoT sensors, which can offer useful details on the pallet's position as well as the inventory and date it is holding • Employee Monitoring Monitoring employees on the organization's campus are crucial for security and morale-boosting reasons in addition to productivity-boosting purposes Employees can wear BLE IoT sensors in the form of ID cards These ID cards feature Internet of Things (IoT) sensors that can detect whether the card is on a person or not, allowing security to be handled and productivity to be tracked based on proximity to each machine or process • Temperature and Humidity Monitoring The application of IoT sensors in supply chain management for "Cold Chain" is greatest These sensors take temperature and humidity readings within the containers and relay the information along with the truck's GPS location The advantage over existing data recorders is that the IoT sensor can communicate with the Hyper Decision Framework and assist in real-time problem correction rather than fingerpointing and playing the blame game saving time, money, and reputation in the process • Security Patrol Guard Management Page When a terrorist attack occurs, security guards' primary problem is that they lack the means to contact their teammates and ask for assistance The security patrol guard must frequently choose between losing his weapon and his life How does the Internet of Things help in this situation? The BLE ID Card is carried by the security guard over his shoulder He can double-click the distress button on the card in the event of an attack The hyper decision framework engages to send the message to the closest available support when this SoS signal is sent in real-time to the IoT cloud server P2 Review standard architecture, frameworks, tools, hardware and APIs available for use in IoT development 1/ IOT architecture IoT architecture, in its simplest form, is a collection of components including sensors, protocols, actuators, cloud services, and layers IoT architecture has four stages due of its complexity This quantity is designed to gradually integrate these many types of components into an advanced and cohesive network Advantages: • • • • • • Make edge devices simpler and less expensive A gateway can serve as a hub for connecting wireless and various data standards Protocols that present a consistent exterior to the outer world Rather than having to interact with each component individually, things are simple to monitor and regulate as a whole Gateway can manage what information is transferred to the Internet and offer greater security than items Easy to integrate legacy equipment with the IoT Disadvantages • • • An additional "Tier" increases integration complexity Resources are still locally stored as opposed to accessing the cloud An additional point of failure 2/ IOT NETWORK SYSTEM ARCHITECTURE Page As you can see from the image above, the IoT architecture has layers: the sensor layer, the network layer, the data processing layer, and the application layer Sensor Layer Sensors, actuators, devices are included in this sensor class These sensors or actuators receive data (Physical/Environmental parameters), process the data, and transmit it over the network Network Layer Internet (network) gateways, data acquisition systems (DAS) appear in this layer The DAS performs the function of data aggregation and conversion (Collects data and aggregates data and then converts the sensor's analog data to digital data, ) Advanced ports mainly open the connection between Sensor networks and the Internet also perform many basic functions, such as anti-malware protection and filtering some decision-making based on entered data and data management services Data Processing Layer This is the processing unit of the IoT ecosystem Here, data is analyzed and processed before being sent to the data center, where the data is accessed by software applications commonly known as business applications This is where data is tracked and managed Other actions are also prepared in this class Page 10 To put it another way, a cloud application is the written implementation of an IoT framework that connects all of the local hardware devices and cloud-based gadgets 3/ List of IoT Framework Now we will discuss the IoT Framework one by one KAA IoT One of the best and most complete Open-Source Internet of Things Cloud Platforms is Kaa IoT, where anyone is free to freely apply their smart product concepts On this platform, N number of devices that are interconnected and can communicate with each other is manageable By setting up remote devices, you may provide real-time machine monitoring The IoT Cloud, information and visualization systems, as well as other components of IoT Ecosystems, are all made possible by Kaa Cisco IoT Cloud Connect Cisco IoT Cloud Connect offers the company reliable, automated, and highly secure communication The Cisco Kinetic IoT platform handles IoT data management in order to extract, transport, and compute the data As Cisco is well known for its security services, it uses a secure IoT architecture to defend IoT deployment against attacks ZETTA IoT Zetta is nothing more than a server-oriented platform created using the Siren hypermedia-API-strip flowbased reactive programming methodology, NodeJS, and REST They are linked to cloud services after being abstracted as REST APIs These online services include Splunk and other tools for displaying machine statistics and assistance Through connecting with platforms like Heroku to endpoints like Arduino and Linux hackers, it creates a geo-distributed network Salesforce IoT The thunder that powers Salesforce With Thunder, businesses can access previously undiscovered ideas and everyone can engage in proactive, personalized actions from any device to become closer to their customers than before Salesforce maintained more than 150,000 clients across the globe In the world of CRM, Salesforce holds a 19.7 percent market share Oracle (9.1 percent), SAP (12.1%), and Microsoft (6.2%) lag well behind their closest competitors Today, many companies use the Salesforce platform to create their apps or switch to Salesforce Because of this, Salesforce is in more need of developers and administrators Device Hive IoT Another robust IoT open-source platform is Device Hive, which is freely usable and modifiable and given under the Apache 2.0 license It may be downloaded and utilized by both public and private clouds and offers deployment options for Kubernetes and Docker Beyond the knowledge of your device, batch analysis and machine learning are possible Numerous libraries, including Android and iOS, are supported by Device Hive Page 15 4/ IOT tools The term "IoT Tools" refers to the Internet of Things Tools It is a collection of gadgets, cars, machinery with embedded electronics, home appliances, structures, and more This facilitates the gathering and exchange of many types of data The ability to remotely control the devices across a network is another benefit IoT is the newest buzzword in today's internet-driven society and has taken over the IT sector For businesses and IoT developers, it has extended numerous new vistas The creation of IoT apps has led to the creation of several amazing items Internet of Things solution providers are developing hardware and software designs to assist IoT developers in developing innovative IoT devices and apps Some IoT tools and devices are discussed below: Tessel It is used to build basic IoT prototypes and applications It helps through its numerous modules and sensors Using Tessel board, a developer can avail Ethernet connectivity, Wi-Fi connectivity, two USB ports, a micro-USB port, 32MB of Flash, 64MB of RAM Additional modules can also be integrated like cameras, accelerometers, RFID, GPS, etc Tessel can support Node.JS and can use the libraries of Node.JS It contains two processors, its hardware uses 48MHz Atmel SAMD21 and 580 MHz MediaTek MT7620n coprocessor One processor can help to run firmware applications at high speed and the other one helps in the efficient management of power and in exercising good input/output control Eclipse IoT The user can create, adopt, and promote open source IoT technologies using this tool or instrument Building IoT gadgets, Cloud platforms, and gateways is where it excels Eclipse supports a number of IoTrelated initiatives These initiatives consist of open-source implementations of IoT protocols, frameworks Page 16 and services for applications, and tools for the Lua programming language, which is marketed as the best one for IoT Arduino Arduino is an Italy based IT company that builds interactive objects and microcontroller boards It is an open-source platform for prototyping that provides both IoT software and hardware Interactive electronics can use hardware requirements, and software options include the Integrated Development Environment (IDE) Out of all the IoT development tools, it is the preferred IDE It's straightforward and easy to utilize this platform Platform IoT It is a universal IoT IDE The embedded debugger is included It is the finest for creating mobile apps, and developers can work in a welcoming IoT environment The IDE can be installed as a plugin or as a port on the Atom editor by a developer It has more than 20 programming frameworks and platforms and is compatible with more than 400 embedded boards It is simple to use and has an amazing interface M2M Labs Mainspring It is both an open-source application framework and an IoT platform It is used to create machinetomachine (M2M) systems, which can be applied to fleet management and remote monitoring Numerous features are supported, including configurable device modeling, data validation and normalization, device configuration, and data retrieval procedures It is built on top of Apache, Cassandra, Java, and NoSQL databases Kinoma It is a hardware prototyping platform for Marvell semiconductors It makes three various initiatives possible There are two products available to help these projects Create an Element Board by Kinoma A hardware kit called Kinoma Create is used to prototype electronic and IoT-enabled gadgets The kit includes necessary auxiliary components like Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE), built-in Wi-Fi, a speaker, a microphone, and a touch screen The smallest IoT product platform driven by JavaScript is called Element Board Device- Hive It is based on AllJoyn by Data Art It is a machine-to-machine (M2M) communication framework that is free and open source It was introduced in 2012 and is regarded as the best platform for creating IoT applications It has a cloud-based API that is remotely controllable regardless of network settings Similar controls apply to its libraries, protocols, and management portal Applications including smart home technology, security, automation, and sensors are ideally suited for it Kaax It offers complete support for IoT devices linked to the cloud It enables customers to create linked applications, IoT applications, and other smart goods thanks to its multi-purpose middleware According to Kaax, open-source kit is "hardware agnostic," meaning it may connect to any hardware, including sensors, Page 17 gateways, and other devices It enables cross-platform interoperability and aids in the remote firmware update distribution process for developers Home Assistant It is an open-source application mostly used for home automation and Python-based tasks Browsers on desktop computers and mobile devices support IoT system control It is well known for its smooth operations, privacy protections, and security and is simple to set up It is compatible with Python systems Net For IoT developers, it provides a comprehensive solution It provides solutions like corporate intelligence and cloud integration Raspbian For the Raspberry Pi board, this IDE was developed It supports more than 35000 packages and enables quick installation by using precompiled software It was developed by IoT tech enthusiasts, not the parent organization This is the best IDE for working with Raspberry Pi that is currently available In conclusion, we have seen some tools and also the hardware of IoT in this article but there are many more significant ones available These tools and hardware help the developers to explore and create innovative IoT applications and devices These tools can help you to pursue your career in IoT and contribute to the IoT development society 5/ IOT hardware IoT Hardware components can vary from IoT Low-power boards, single-board processors like the Arduino Uno, which are essentially tiny boards that be inserted into mainboards to improve and increase their functionality by bringing forth specific tasks or features, are just a few examples of the hardware components that can be used (such as GPS, light and heat sensors, or interactive displays) A programmer defines the inputs and outputs on a board before designing a circuit to show how these inputs and outputs interact The Raspberry Pi is a popular IoT platform that is a small, extremely affordable computer that can function as a complete web server It is frequently referred to as "RasPi," and it has sufficient processing and memory to run both IoT Core and Windows 10 on it RasPi has excellent processing power, particularly when Python is used as the programming language A single-board computer called Beagle Board uses an ARM processor, which is more powerful than RasPi's and runs a Linux-based operating system Galileo and Edison boards from tech giant Intel are further alternatives; both are excellent for larger-scale production, while Qualcomm has produced a variety of enterprise-level IoT technology for everything from automobiles and cameras to healthcare API in IOT Page 18 In general, the phrase "API" refers to the standard structure, protocols, and resources that govern the most common web and mobile applications It outlines the guidelines for communication that each application component must adhere to when transferring data IoT APIs are APIs that are utilized in the development of IoT systems They are the application programming interfaces for web services They operate similarly and enable smooth data flow using HTTP as the conduit Developers can create complex apps that are simple to combine with other web services by using the IoT API The end-user experience is enhanced by IoT APIs in a number of ways For instance, people can effortlessly access websites and upload a sizable number of programs API Types in IoT IoT APIs come in a wide variety to help IoT development in all ways The following list includes the main API types • SOAP As they simplify creating a communication link between the servers and the clients, SOAP APIs are essential for the creation of IoT devices The API only permits the transfer of data using XML • REST IoT REST APIs are beneficial for HTTP data transport and enabling IoT devices to remain connected to the outside world These APIs, which are based on architectural principles, have properties like easily manipulable interfaces, fast resource identification during requests, and interface simplification • JSON and XML Page 19 JSON and XML IoT APIs are a little more traditional than SOAP APIs and use a smaller amount of bandwidth The important role of APIs in the IoT The ability of APIs to effectively utilize pre-existing functionality to ensure smooth software processing while freeing developers from the need to repeatedly reprogram is what makes them essential for IoT and any other device/software The IoT world is too complicated, necessitating constant communication between the various actors engaged The operation can be completed using APIs because it is entirely feasible to integrate various IoT components with one another The IoT world is empowered by API usage, which creates countless new development and integration options IoT APIs are fantastic tools for technical development because they offer unrivaled flexibility Speaking of cybersecurity, APIs are crucial since they allow developers to take charge of access requests The possibility of a DDoS assault is kept to a minimum by this restricted and controlled access When all of this is considered, it's simple to draw the conclusion that the IoT industry is on the verge of collapse, with lower productivity and more security hazards The benefits of API in IOT IoT is a popular technology that is here to stay a little longer than one might anticipate IoT devices will be difficult for businesses and end users to utilize if there is poor API administration, therefore its effective utilization depends on the extent of API management As follows: • • • • • • When it comes to IoT devices, effective administration and handling can provide developers the power to choose which API to use and when to withdraw access For apps and IoT devices, developers are free to establish one or more connection requirements An important step in the process that further assists early detection of any unforeseen caveats and failure chances is continuous API monitoring It gives a clear picture of the use and utility of APIs for IoT As one compares the standard experience and provides an end-user experience to identify the gaps, deeper insights into the developer experience with the API may be gained IoT programming that must access an API in an emergency is completely supported because it provides information on API scaling, use quotas, and throttling With proper management standards being upheld and regular version updates, updating API versions is simpler than ever Page 20 P4 Determine a specific problem to solve using IoT 1/ problem We all know, for plants, water is an important factor to ensure the normal growth and development of healthy plants Proper and sufficient watering according to the agronomic requirements of the crop will not cause pests and diseases, limiting pesticides for safe products, achieving high productivity and efficiency However, not everyone has the time to freshen the water at the right time and right for the plant And on a large area, manual watering also takes a lot of time and energy for people Especially for a country that comes up from agriculture like Vietnam, it is very necessary to introduce technology into agriculture On the other hand, at present, our country is in the stage of industrialization and modernization, with automatic machinery and equipment being put into service to replace human labor 2/ Solution Applying IoT technology to solve this problem, an automatic watering system according to soil warmth is researched and developed The system responds to soil and air moisture for plants to grow well, saves water, and facilitates nutrient absorption by plants without leaching, soil degradation, and no environmental pollution With the design of an automatic watering system, people will not have to water the plants, not have to spend money on watering labor as well as monitoring the time to water the plants With this system, the watering will be automatic depending on the weather temperature, sunny or rainy, high, or low humidity, season of the year All those conditions will be entered into the calculation system and given out Exact time to pump water Workers will not need to care about watering plants, plants will grow and develop better thanks to more appropriate and accurate watering Besides, for those who love bonsai but not have time to take care of them, this system will be an effective solution to help people follow irrigation to grow healthy plants With an automatic watering system according to humidity, all activities will be monitored and controlled through the app installed on the phone The device will Page 21 measure the soil moisture, based on the standard humidity installed in the device If the soil moisture is not satisfactory, the LED will light up and the buzzer will sound to notify the user At that time, the pump will automatically water the plants And when the moisture in the soil is satisfactory, the pump will stop working Thus, even if not directly in the garden or farm, we still capture the soil moisture and ensure that the plants are watered continuously and fully, bringing high crop yields 3/ Block diagram 4/ entity diagram Page 22 5/ source code Page 23 My program uses built-in APIs that are already available in Arduino's IDE Therefore, we don't see it in the form of file h in our program 5/ Flowchart Page 24 6/ hardware Arduino Figure 22: Arduino Breadboard Soil humidity sensor Page 25 Tiny RTC i2c module Figure 26: Tiny RTC i2c module Mini water pump 5V Page 26 7/ Software Arduino Software (IDE) The open-source Arduino Software (IDE) makes it easy to write code and upload it to the board This software can be used with any Arduino board Figure 30: Arduino IDE Blynk Page 27 Conclusion In a nutshell, IoT is a concept that connects all devices to the internet and allows them to communicate with each other over the internet IoT is a huge network of connected devices - all of which collect and share data about how they are used and the environment in which they are operated And through this report, I understand more about the definition, operation of IoT, typical applications and some examples of IoT., tools, hardware, software, Besides, through IoT, a problem can be solved It is an automatic watering system according to humidity REFERENCES 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