VIETNAM NATIONAL UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURE FACULTY OF BIOTECHNOLOGY GRADUATION THESIS Micropropagation of Monstera deliciosa Student : VU THANH BAC Supervivor : Dr Dang Thi Thanh Tam ID : 610700 Class : K61CNSHE Hanoi - 2021 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS During the process of studying, researching and completing the thesis, I have received the help of many individuals First of all, I wish to express my sincere gratitude to Dr Dang Thi Thanh Tam for her guidance throughout the course of this study I would like to thank the teachers in the Department of Plants - Faculty of Biotechnology for creating the best conditions to me to implement the topic I would like to thank for the help of all my friend during the study period Hanoi ……………… Student Vu Thanh Bac i COMMITMENT This thesis is composed of my original works, and contains no material previously published or written by another person I also declare that all the help to complete this thesis has been thanks Hanoi ……………… Student Vu Thanh Bac iii CONTENS ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I COMMITMENT ii CONTENS iii LIST OF TABLE vi LIST OF FIGURE vii ABBREVIATIONS viii SUMMARY IX Part I: Introduction 1.1 Introduction 1.2 Purpose 1.3 Requirement 1.4 The meaning of the thesis thoughts in learning and scientific research Part II: Literature Review 2.1 Introduction to the Monstera deliciosa 2.1.1 Origination 2.1.2 Classification 2.1.3 Botanical characteristics 2.1.4 Cultural Conditions: 2.2 The economic value of the above flower production industry the world and in Vietnam 2.2.1 World production of flowers and ornamental plants 2.3.Application in vitro tissue culture technology to multiplication of ornamental plants 2.3.1 Brief History of Plant Tissue Culture: 2.3.2 Factors affect to micropropagation iiii 2.4 Overview of the Araceae family tissue culture in the world and in Vietnam 10 2.4.1 In the world 10 2.4.2 In Vietnam 11 Part III MATERIALS AND METHODS 13 3.1 Research materials 13 3.2 Location and time of study 13 3.3 Content and research method 13 3.3.1 Studying the effect of substances on shoot induction of the Monstera deliciosa 13 MS + 30 g/l sucrose + 6.5 g/l agar (pH = 5.8) 15 3.3.2 Studying the effect of substances on the Monstera deliciosa rooting 15 Culture medium: MS + 30 g/l sucrose+ 6.5 g/l agar (pH=5.8) 15 3.4 Method 16 3.5 Observed indicators 16 Part IV RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONs 17 4.1 Study on the effect of substances on shoot induction of the Monstera deliciosa 17 4.1.1 Testing the Eeffect of BA concentration on shoot multiplication of the 17 in vitro-Monstera deliciosa shoots 17 4.1.2 Studying the effect of Kinetin concentration on shoot multiplication 19 of the in vitro-Monstera deliciosa shoots 19 4.1.3 Effect of combination BA and IAA or α-NAA on the shoot multiplication of the in vitro Monstera deliciosa shoots 21 4.1.4 Effect of coconut water on the shoot multiplication 23 4.2 Studying the effect of substances on the Monstera deliciosa rooting 24 4.2.1 Effect of activated charcoal (AC) on the rooting of shoot 26 Part 5.Conclusion 28 ivi 5.1 Conclusion 28 5.2 Suggestions 28 REFERENCES 29 Addendum 31 vv LIST OF TABLE Experiment Effect of BA concentration on shoot multiplication of the in vitro-Monstera deliciosa shoots 13 Experiment Effect of Kinetin concentration on shoot multiplication of the in vitro-Monstera deliciosa shoots 14 Experiment Effect of combination BA + IAA / α-NAA on shoot multiplication of the in vitro-Monstera deliciosa shoots 14 Experiment Effect of coconut water on shoot development of the in vitroMonstera deliciosa shoots 15 Experiment Effect of α-NAA on the root induction of in vitro Monstera deliciosa shoots 15 Experiment Effect of activated charcoal( AC) on the rooting of in vitro Monstera deliciosa shoots 15 Table 4.1 Effect of BA concentration on shoot multiplication of the in vitro Monstera deliciosa shoots 18 Table 4.2.Effect of Kinetin concentration on shoot multiplication of the in vitro Monstera deliciosa shoots 20 Table 4.3.Effect of combination BA and IAA or α-NAA on in vitro shoots of Monstera deliciosa 21 Table 4.4.Effect of coconut water on in vitro shoots of Monstera deliciosa 23 Table 4.5 Effect of α-NAA on the rooting of shoots of Monstera deliciosa 25 Table 4.6 Effect of AC on the rooting of shoots of Monstera deliciosa 26 viv LIST OF FIGURE Figure 4.1 In vitro shoots of Monstera deliciosa plants after weeks of culture on MS medium supplemented with different BA concentrations 18 Figure 4.2 In vitro shoots of Monstera deliciosa after weeks of culture on MS medium supplemented with different kinetin concentrations 20 Figure 4.3 In vitro shoots of Monstera deliciosa after weeks of culture on MS medium supplemented with BA and different IAA or α- NAA concentration 22 Figure 4.4 In vitro shoots of Monstera deliciosa plants after weeks of culture on MS medium supplemented with different coconut water concentrations 24 Figure 4.5 In vitro shoots of Monstera deliciosa after weeks of culture on MS medium supplemented with different α-NAA concentrations 25 Figure 4.6 In vitro shoots of Monstera deliciosa plants after weeks of culture on MS medium supplemented with different AC concentrations 27 viiv ABBREVIATIONS BAP : 6-Benzylaininopurine 2.4-D : 2.4-Dhichorophenoxy acetic acid α-NAA : α-Naphthalene acetic acid MS : Murashige & Skoog Mg : Milligram Mg/1 : Milligram per liter g : Gram IAA : Indole-3-acetic acid C : Control T : Treatment viiiv SUMMARY Studies of micro propagation of Monstera deliciosa A rapid and efficient micro propagation method was established for Monstera deliciosa Shoots were cultured on MS medium containing benzyl adenine (BA), kinetin (K) The results showed that MS medium supplemented with 1mg/l BA was optimal for shoot multiplication The combination of cytokinin (BA) and auxin (IAA, α-NAA) on the shoot multiplication of Monstera deliciosa did not increase the multiplication rate α-NAA and activated charcoal had a positive impact on root induction for in vitro shoots After four weeks of culture, the results showed that MS medium supplemented with 2mg/l activated charcoal was optimal for root induction in terms of root number per shoot and an average length of the root MS medium supplemented with 0.5mg / l activated carbon was the earliest rooting medium ixi C 0.5 mg/l AC 1mg/l AC 1.5mg/l AC 2mg/l AC Figure 4.6 In vitro shoots of Monstera deliciosa plants after weeks of culture on MS medium supplemented with different AC concentrations The results showed that activated carbon had a positive effect on in vitro rooting but not as good as α-NAA The treatment supplement 1g/l AC (treatment 2) gave the best results with the mean root length of 6.77cm and the mean number of roots/shoot of 1.27 ± 0.57 roots The treatment that had the best rooting percentage of shoots is 76.67% is also treatment 272 PART 5.CONCLUSION 5.1 Conclusion The best proliferation occurred on MS media supplemented with 1mg/l BA but MS media supplemented with coconut water gave shoots of better quality (shoots were larger, more uniform in height and morphology) Synergistic action of auxins and cytokinins (BA+ IAA; BA+ α-NAA) not gave better results than when the growth regulators were used singly The best proliferation occurred on MS media supplemented with mg/l BA + 30g/l sugar + 6.5 g/l agar with the mean number of the shoot was 11.37 ± 0.35 after weeks culture α-NAA and activated carbon had a positive effect on in vitro rooting of Monstera deliciosa 0.75 g/l α-NAA added MS medium was the best appropriate for root induction in terms of root number per shoot and an average length of root after four weeks of culture 5.2 Suggestions Due to the limited time and research conditions and not have expanded the topic, so we would like to give some suggestions as follows: - Testing the effect of organic additives such as banana, potato, yam bean to promote the growth of in vitro shoots - Testing the acclimatization conditions for Monstera deliciosa plantlets 282 REFERENCES Abrahamian, P., & Kantharajah, A (2011) Effect of vitamins on in vitro organogenesis of plant American journal of plant Sciences, 2(05), 669 Boxus, P (1999) Micropropagation of strawberry via axillary shoot proliferation Plant cell culture protocols, 103-114 Espinosa, A C., Pijut, P M., & Michler, C H (2006) Adventitious shoot regeneration and rooting of Prunus serotina in vitro cultures HortScience, 41(1), 193-201 Gaba, V P (2005) Plant growth regulators in plant tissue culture and development In Plant development and biotechnology (pp 87-99) Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press George, E F., Hall, M A., & De Klerk, G J (2008) The components of plant tissue culture media I: macro-and micro-nutrients In Plant propagation by tissue culture (pp 65-113) Springer, Dordrecht Jahan, M T., Islam, M R., Khan, R., Mamun, A N K., Ahmed, G., & Hakim, L (2009) In vitro clonal propagation of anthurium (Anthurium andraeanum L.) using callus culture Plant Tissue Culture and Biotechnology, 19(1), 61-69 Kumar, S., Singh, R., Kalia, S., Sharma, S K., & Kalia, R (2016) Recent advances in understanding the role of growth regulators in plant growth and development in vitro-I: conventional growth regulators Indian For, 142(5), 459-470 Lan, T T N., & Anh, T T H (2017) In vitro micropropagation of Anthurium andraeanum through thin cell layer culture Vietnam Journal of Biotechnology, 15(2), 319-326 Liebmann, F M (1849) Mexicos halvgraes: bearbeidede efter Forgaengernes og egne materialier, med tillaeg af de i Nicaragua og Costa Rica af Mag AS Ørsted samlede samt nogle faa ubeskrevne vestindiske former 292 Nowakowska, K., Pacholczak, A., & Tepper, W (2019) The effect of selected growth regulators and culture media on regeneration of Daphne mezereum L.‘Alba’ Rendiconti Lincei Scienze Fisiche e Naturali, 30(1), 197205 Peppard, Terry (1992) "Volatile flavor constituents of Monstera deliciosa" Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 40 (2): 257– 262 doi:10.1021/jf00014a018 Saad, A I., & Elshahed, A M (2012) Plant tissue culture media Recent advances in plant in vitro culture, 30-40 Saeed, N A., Zafar, Y., & Malik, K A (1997) A simple procedure of Gossypium meristem shoot tip culture Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture, 51(3), 201-207 Sai, S T., Keng, C L., Pargini, N., & Teo, C K (2000) In vitro propagation of Typhonium flagelliforme (Lodd) Blume In Vitro Cellular & Developmental Biology-Plant, 36(5), 402-406 Salachna, P., Grzeszczuk, M., & Soból, M (2017) Effects of chitooligosaccharide coating combined with selected ionic polymers on the stimulation of Ornithogalum saundersiae growth Molecules, 22(11), 1903 Su YH, Liu YB, Zhang XS (2011) Auxin-cytokinin interaction regulates meristem development Mol Plant 4:616–625 Internet sources Ha Anh (2016) To develop the flower and Ornamental Plants industries in the economic integration Vietnam Communist party online newspaper https://dangcongsan.vn/kinh-te-va-hoi-nhap/phat-trien-nganh-congnghiep-hoa-cay-canh-trong-kinh-te-hoi-nhap-371659.html 303 ADDENDUM Data processing results using IRRSTAT 5.0 software Shoots in vitro of Monstera deliciosa plants after weeks of culture in MS medium supplemented with BA BALANCED ANOVA FOR VARIATE SCHOI FILE CC TN1 1/ 2/21 7:21 :PAGE VARIATE V003 SCHOI LN SOURCE OF VARIATION SQUARES DF SUMS OF MEAN SQUARES F RATIO PROB ER LN ============================================================================= CT 31.3161 6.26322 867.24 0.000 LL 1.02778 513889 71.16 0.000 * RESIDUAL 10 722205E-01 722205E-02 * TOTAL (CORRECTED) 17 32.4161 1.90683 - TUKEY'S TEST FOR TRANSFORMABLE NON-ADDITIVITY SS= 0.216781E-01, F(1, 9)= 3.86, P= 0.079 REGRESSION SLOPE= 0.55053E-01 SUGGESTED POWER TRANSFORMATION=-0.99217E-02 MEAN ORTHOGONAL RESIDUAL = 0.8706E-02, P-VALUE= 0.750 BALANCED ANOVA FOR VARIATE CAO FILE CC TN1 1/ 2/21 7:21 :PAGE VARIATE V004 CAO LN SOURCE OF VARIATION SQUARES DF SUMS OF MEAN SQUARES F RATIO PROB ER LN ============================================================================= CT 135400 LL 910000E-02 455000E-02 1.04 0.392 * RESIDUAL 270800E-01 6.17 0.008 10 439000E-01 439000E-02 * TOTAL (CORRECTED) 17 188400 110824E-01 - TUKEY'S TEST FOR TRANSFORMABLE NON-ADDITIVITY SS= 0.878568E-02, F(1, 9)= 2.25, P= 0.165 REGRESSION SLOPE= -5.6645 SUGGESTED POWER TRANSFORMATION= 14.746 MEAN ORTHOGONAL RESIDUAL = -0.9656E-02, P-VALUE= 0.658 313 TABLE OF MEANS FOR FACTORIAL EFFECTS FILE CC TN1 1/ 2/21 7:21 :PAGE MEANS FOR EFFECT CT - CT NOS SCHOI CAO 7.30000 1.13333 11.3667 1.19000 3 8.20000 1.35333 8.70000 1.19333 9.33333 1.11000 10.1333 1.30000 SE(N= 3) 0.490648E-01 0.382535E-01 5%LSD 10DF 0.154605 0.120538 - MEANS FOR EFFECT LL - LL NOS SCHOI CAO 8.86667 1.18167 9.20000 1.22667 9.45000 1.23167 SE(N= 6) 0.346940E-01 0.270493E-01 5%LSD 10DF 0.109322 0.852334E-01 - ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE SUMMARY TABLE FILE CC TN1 1/ 2/21 7:21 :PAGE F-PROBABLIITY VALUES FOR EACH EFFECT IN THE MODEL SECTION - VARIATE GRAND MEAN STANDARD DEVIATION C OF V |CT (N= 18) SD/MEAN | NO OBS SCHOI CAO | BASED ON BASED ON % TOTAL SS RESID SS 18 9.1722 | |LL | | | | | | | 1.3809 0.84983E-01 0.9 0.0000 0.0000 18 1.2133 0.10527 0.66257E-01 5.5 0.0076 0.3916 323 Shoots In vitro of Monstera deliciosa plants after weeks of culture in MS medium supplemented with Kinetin BALANCED ANOVA FOR VARIATE SOCHOI FILE CC TN2 1/ 2/21 7:24 :PAGE VARIATE V003 SOCHOI LN SOURCE OF VARIATION DF SUMS OF SQUARES MEAN SQUARES F RATIO PROB ER LN ============================================================================= CT 30.5907 NL 213334E-01 106667E-01 0.14 0.874 * RESIDUAL 7.64767 625334 97.84 0.000 781667E-01 * TOTAL (CORRECTED) 14 31.2373 2.23124 - TUKEY'S TEST FOR TRANSFORMABLE NON-ADDITIVITY SS= 0.713426E-02, F(1, 7)= 0.08, P= 0.780 REGRESSION SLOPE= 0.20247 SUGGESTED POWER TRANSFORMATION= -1.6538 MEAN ORTHOGONAL RESIDUAL = 0.2576E-01, P-VALUE= 0.796 BALANCED ANOVA FOR VARIATE CCAO FILE CC TN2 1/ 2/21 7:24 :PAGE VARIATE V004 CCAO LN SOURCE OF VARIATION DF SUMS OF SQUARES SQUARES MEAN F RATIO PROB ER LN ============================================================================= CT 308267E-01 770667E-02 5.81 0.018 NL 853331E-03 426665E-03 0.32 0.737 * RESIDUAL 106133E-01 132667E-02 * TOTAL (CORRECTED) 14 422933E-01 302095E-02 - TUKEY'S TEST FOR TRANSFORMABLE NON-ADDITIVITY SS= 0.296194E-03, F(1, 7)= 0.20, P= 0.669 REGRESSION SLOPE= 6.4980 SUGGESTED POWER TRANSFORMATION= -9.7781 MEAN ORTHOGONAL RESIDUAL = -0.5860E-02, P-VALUE= 0.663 TABLE OF MEANS FOR FACTORIAL EFFECTS FILE CC TN2 1/ 2/21 7:24 :PAGE MEANS FOR EFFECT CT 333 - CT NOS SOCHOI CCAO 4.23333 0.830000 5.83333 0.756667 3 8.46667 0.846667 7.10000 0.816667 7.13333 0.896667 SE(N= 3) 0.161417 5%LSD 8DF 0.526366 0.210291E-01 0.685737E-01 - MEANS FOR EFFECT NL - NL NOS SOCHOI CCAO 6.50000 0.840000 6.58000 0.824000 6.58000 0.824000 SE(N= 5) 0.125033 5%LSD 8DF 0.407721 0.162891E-01 0.531170E-01 - ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE SUMMARY TABLE FILE CC TN2 1/ 2/21 7:24 :PAGE F-PROBABLIITY VALUES FOR EACH EFFECT IN THE MODEL SECTION - VARIATE GRAND MEAN STANDARD DEVIATION C OF V |CT (N= 15) SD/MEAN | | NO BASED ON BASED ON % OBS TOTAL SS RESID SS SOCHOI CCAO 15 6.5533 1.4937 0.27958 | |NL | | | | | | | 4.3 0.0000 0.8742 15 0.82933 0.54963E-010.36423E-01 4.4 0.0176 0.7367 343 Shoots In vitro of Monstera deliciosa plants after weeks of culture in MS medium supplemented with 1BA + IAA / α-NAA ALANCED ANOVA FOR VARIATE SCHOI FILE C TN3 1/ 2/21 7:26 :PAGE VARIATE V003 SCHOI LN SOURCE OF VARIATION SQUARES DF SUMS OF MEAN SQUARES F RATIO PROB ER LN ============================================================================= CT 69.7657 11.6276 112.01 0.000 LL 594285 297143 2.86 0.095 * RESIDUAL 12 1.24572 103810 * TOTAL (CORRECTED) 20 71.6057 3.58029 - TUKEY'S TEST FOR TRANSFORMABLE NON-ADDITIVITY SS= 0.104666 , F(1, 11)= 1.01, P= 0.339 REGRESSION SLOPE= 0.11512 SUGGESTED POWER TRANSFORMATION=-0.63145 MEAN ORTHOGONAL RESIDUAL = 0.4712E-02, P-VALUE= 0.959 BALANCED ANOVA FOR VARIATE CAO FILE C TN3 1/ 2/21 7:26 :PAGE VARIATE V004 CAO LN SOURCE OF VARIATION SQUARES DF SUMS OF MEAN SQUARES F RATIO PROB ER LN ============================================================================= CT 134590 LL 746667E-02 373333E-02 2.19 0.153 * RESIDUAL 224317E-01 13.15 0.000 12 204667E-01 170556E-02 * TOTAL (CORRECTED) 20 162524 812619E-02 - TUKEY'S TEST FOR TRANSFORMABLE NON-ADDITIVITY SS= 0.406981E-03, F(1, 11)= 0.22, P= 0.649 REGRESSION SLOPE= -1.4581 SUGGESTED POWER TRANSFORMATION= 4.0274 MEAN ORTHOGONAL RESIDUAL = -0.1583E-01, P-VALUE= 0.207 TABLE OF MEANS FOR FACTORIAL EFFECTS FILE C TN3 1/ 2/21 7:26 :PAGE MEANS FOR EFFECT CT 353 - CT NOS SCHOI CAO 11.3667 1.11667 5.60000 1.03667 3 5.90000 1.16000 6.06667 1.07667 6.56667 1.00333 7.10000 0.953333 7.00000 0.920000 SE(N= 3) 0.186020 5%LSD 12DF 0.238436E-01 0.573190 0.734703E-01 - MEANS FOR EFFECT LL - LL NOS SCHOI CAO 6.85714 1.05143 7.14286 1.01143 7.25714 1.05143 SE(N= 7) 0.121778 5%LSD 12DF 0.156093E-01 0.375241 0.480976E-01 - ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE SUMMARY TABLE FILE C TN3 1/ 2/21 7:26 :PAGE F-PROBABLIITY VALUES FOR EACH EFFECT IN THE MODEL SECTION - VARIATE GRAND MEAN STANDARD DEVIATION C OF V |CT (N= 21) SD/MEAN | NO OBS SCHOI CAO | BASED ON BASED ON % TOTAL SS RESID SS 21 7.0857 1.8922 0.32220 | |LL | | | | | | | 4.5 0.0000 0.0951 21 1.0381 0.90145E-010.41298E-01 4.0 0.0002 0.1535 363 Shoots In vitro of Monstera deliciosa plants after weeks of culture in MS medium supplemented with coconut water BALANCED ANOVA FOR VARIATE SCHOI FILE TN4 1/ 2/21 7:29 :PAGE VARIATE V003 SCHOI LN SOURCE OF VARIATION SQUARES DF SUMS OF MEAN SQUARES F RATIO PROB ER LN ============================================================================= CT 3.28917 1.09639 112.77 0.000 LL 461667 230834 23.74 0.002 * RESIDUAL 583333E-01 972222E-02 * TOTAL (CORRECTED) 11 3.80917 346288 - TUKEY'S TEST FOR TRANSFORMABLE NON-ADDITIVITY SS= 0.194310E-02, F(1, 5)= 0.17, P= 0.695 REGRESSION SLOPE= 0.61959E-01 SUGGESTED POWER TRANSFORMATION= 0.34480E-01 MEAN ORTHOGONAL RESIDUAL = 0.4868E-01, P-VALUE= 0.272 BALANCED ANOVA FOR VARIATE CCAO FILE TN4 1/ 2/21 7:29 :PAGE VARIATE V004 CCAO LN SOURCE OF VARIATION SQUARES DF SUMS OF SQUARES MEAN F RATIO PROB ER LN ============================================================================= CT 445333E-01 148444E-01 6.31 0.028 LL 339500E-01 169750E-01 7.21 0.026 * RESIDUAL 141167E-01 235278E-02 * TOTAL (CORRECTED) 11 926000E-01 841818E-02 - TUKEY'S TEST FOR TRANSFORMABLE NON-ADDITIVITY SS= 0.103663E-01, F(1, 5)= 13.82, P= 0.014 REGRESSION SLOPE= -4.5353 SUGGESTED POWER TRANSFORMATION= 11.250 MEAN ORTHOGONAL RESIDUAL = -0.4410E-01, P-VALUE= 0.066 373 TABLE OF MEANS FOR FACTORIAL EFFECTS FILE TN4 1/ 2/21 7:29 :PAGE MEANS FOR EFFECT CT - CT NOS SCHOI CCAO 7.23333 1.03667 7.40000 1.12333 3 7.96667 1.15667 8.56667 1.20333 SE(N= 3) 0.569275E-01 0.280046E-01 5%LSD 6DF 0.196921 0.968725E-01 - MEANS FOR EFFECT LL - LL NOS SCHOI CCAO 7.57500 1.05500 7.75000 1.17250 8.05000 1.16250 SE(N= 4) 0.493007E-01 0.242527E-01 5%LSD 6DF 0.170539 0.838940E-01 - ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE SUMMARY TABLE FILE TN4 1/ 2/21 7:29 :PAGE F-PROBABLIITY VALUES FOR EACH EFFECT IN THE MODEL SECTION - VARIATE GRAND MEAN STANDARD DEVIATION C OF V |CT (N= 12) SD/MEAN | NO | BASED ON BASED ON % OBS TOTAL SS RESID SS | |LL | | | | | | | SCHOI 12 7.7917 0.58846 0.98601E-01 1.3 0.0001 0.0018 CCAO 12 1.1300 0.91751E-010.48505E-01 4.3 0.0283 0.0258 Effect of α-NAA on the rooting of invitro shoots BALANCED ANOVA FOR VARIATE SO RE FILE EX 21/ 2/21 12:44 :PAGE VARIATE V003 SO RE LN SOURCE OF VARIATION DF SUMS OF MEAN F RATIO PROB ER SQUARES SQUARES LN ============================================================================= CT 130.140 43.3800 ****** 0.000 LN 116667E-01 583335E-02 0.26 0.781 * RESIDUAL 135006 225011E-01 * TOTAL (CORRECTED) 11 130.287 11.8442 - 383 TUKEY'S TEST FOR TRANSFORMABLE NON-ADDITIVITY SS= 0.541082E-02, F(1, 5)= 0.21, P= 0.668 REGRESSION SLOPE=-0.10339 SUGGESTED POWER TRANSFORMATION= MEAN ORTHOGONAL RESIDUAL = 1.9581 0.1846E-02, P-VALUE= 0.975 BALANCED ANOVA FOR VARIATE CHIEU DA FILE EX 21/ 2/21 12:44 :PAGE VARIATE V004 CHIEU DA LN SOURCE OF VARIATION DF SUMS OF MEAN F RATIO PROB ER SQUARES SQUARES LN ============================================================================= CT 7.69629 2.56543 ****** 0.000 LN 151666E-02 758331E-03 0.56 0.600 * RESIDUAL 808378E-02 134730E-02 * TOTAL (CORRECTED) 11 7.70589 700536 TUKEY'S TEST FOR TRANSFORMABLE NON-ADDITIVITY SS= 0.165308E-02, F(1, 5)= 1.29, P= 0.309 REGRESSION SLOPE= 0.65177 SUGGESTED POWER TRANSFORMATION= -1.0998 MEAN ORTHOGONAL RESIDUAL = 0.2292E-01, P-VALUE= 0.175 TABLE OF MEANS FOR FACTORIAL EFFECTS FILE EX 21/ 2/21 12:44 :PAGE MEANS FOR EFFECT CT CT NOS 3 3 SO RE 0.266667 3.26667 5.76667 9.23333 CHIEU DA 0.310000 2.49667 1.78333 1.85333 SE(N= 3) 0.866046E-01 0.211920E-01 5%LSD 6DF 0.299579 0.733063E-01 MEANS FOR EFFECT LN LN NOS 4 SO RE 4.67500 4.62500 4.60000 CHIEU DA 1.59750 1.61000 1.62500 SE(N= 4) 0.750018E-01 0.183528E-01 5%LSD 6DF 0.259443 0.634852E-01 - 393 ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE SUMMARY TABLE FILE EX 21/ 2/21 12:44 :PAGE F-PROBABLIITY VALUES FOR EACH EFFECT IN THE MODEL SECTION - VARIATE SO RE CHIEU DA GRAND MEAN (N= 12) NO OBS 12 4.6333 12 1.6108 STANDARD DEVIATION C OF V |CT SD/MEAN | BASED ON BASED ON % | TOTAL SS RESID SS | 3.4415 0.15000 3.2 0.0000 0.83698 0.36706E-01 2.3 0.0000 |LN | | | 0.7813 0.6003 | | | | Effect of activated charcoal on the rooting of invitro shoots BALANCED ANOVA FOR VARIATE SO RE FILE BAC 22/ 2/21 21:34 :PAGE VARIATE V003 SO RE LN SOURCE OF VARIATION DF SUMS OF MEAN F RATIO PROB ER SQUARES SQUARES LN ============================================================================= CT 1.65333 413333 177.14 0.000 NL 133333E-02 666665E-03 0.29 0.761 * RESIDUAL 186667E-01 233334E-02 * TOTAL (CORRECTED) 14 1.67333 119524 TUKEY'S TEST FOR TRANSFORMABLE NON-ADDITIVITY SS= 0.860203E-03, F(1, 7)= 0.34, P= 0.584 REGRESSION SLOPE= 1.2097 SUGGESTED POWER TRANSFORMATION= -1.2580 MEAN ORTHOGONAL RESIDUAL = -0.5275E-02, P-VALUE= 0.762 BALANCED ANOVA FOR VARIATE CHIEU DA FILE BAC 22/ 2/21 21:34 :PAGE VARIATE V004 CHIEU DA LN SOURCE OF VARIATION DF SUMS OF MEAN F RATIO PROB ER SQUARES SQUARES LN ============================================================================= CT 1.85424 463560 282.66 0.000 NL 281333E-02 140667E-02 0.86 0.462 * RESIDUAL 131201E-01 164001E-02 * TOTAL (CORRECTED) 14 1.87017 133584 TUKEY'S TEST FOR TRANSFORMABLE NON-ADDITIVITY SS= 0.395005E-03, F(1, 7)= 0.22, P= 0.657 REGRESSION SLOPE=-0.53287 SUGGESTED POWER TRANSFORMATION= MEAN ORTHOGONAL RESIDUAL = 2.0281 0.3463E-02, P-VALUE= 0.809 TABLE OF MEANS FOR FACTORIAL EFFECTS FILE BAC 22/ 2/21 21:34 :PAGE MEANS FOR EFFECT CT CT NOS 3 3 3 SE(N= 3) SO RE 0.300000 1.03333 1.26667 1.10000 0.966667 CHIEU DA 0.310000 0.896667 1.29000 1.17000 1.15667 0.278887E-01 0.233810E-01 404 5%LSD 8DF 0.909423E-01 0.762431E-01 MEANS FOR EFFECT NL NL NOS 5 SO RE 0.940000 0.920000 0.940000 CHIEU DA 0.984000 0.956000 0.954000 SE(N= 5) 0.216025E-01 0.181108E-01 5%LSD 8DF 0.704436E-01 0.590576E-01 ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE SUMMARY TABLE FILE BAC 22/ 2/21 21:34 :PAGE F-PROBABLIITY VALUES FOR EACH EFFECT IN THE MODEL SECTION - VARIATE SO RE CHIEU DA GRAND MEAN (N= 15) NO OBS 15 0.93333 15 0.96467 STANDARD DEVIATION C OF V |CT SD/MEAN | BASED ON BASED ON % | TOTAL SS RESID SS | 0.34572 0.48305E-01 5.2 0.0000 0.36549 0.40497E-01 4.2 0.0000 |NL | | | 0.7612 0.4624 | | | | 414