VIETNAM NATIONAL UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURE FACULTY OF AGRONOMY  - UNDERGRADUATE THESIS TITLE: Effect of water deficit conditions on Growth and Yield of four maize varieties Instructor: PhD TRAN THI THIEM Department: CULTIVATION SCIENCE Student NGUYEN HUU LAM Class: K61KHCTT Course: 2016 - 2021 Major: CROP SCIENCE HANOI - 2020 DECLARATION I hereby declare that this paper is my own work All results and data in this thesis are absolutely honest and have not been used in a different thesis All sources used in this paper were cited in references Hanoi, February 28th ,2021 Student Nguyen Huu Lam i ACKNOWLEGEMENTS To complete this thesis, I am deeply indebted to many people for their advice, instruction and support First and foremost, I would like to send my gratitude to my instructor, Dr Tran Thi Thiem, Dept of Cultivation Science, Faculty of Agronomy, Vietnam National University of Agriculture, for his enthusiastic support, helpful advice and considerable encouragement in the completion of my thesis I would also like to give my gratitude to my teachers who gave me the necessary knowledge and skills during my time here Especially I would also like to give my gratitude to all of my teachers in faculty of Agronomy In addition, I would like to acknowledge my family, who always stood by me, for their in conditional love and support, both financially and emotionally throughout my work Save the best for last, I want to express my thanks to my friends in Vietnam National University of Agriculture for their friendship and support Hanoi, February 12st, 2021 Student Nguyen Huu Lam ii CONTENTS DECLARATION i ACKNOWLEGEMENTS ii CONTENTS iii LIST OF TABLES vi LIST OF FIGURES vii LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS viii ABSTRACT ix Chapter I INTRODUCTION 1.1 Introduction 1.2 Objectives and requirements 1.2.1 Objectives 1.2.2 Requirements Chapter II LITERATURE REVIEW 2.1 Situation of maize production on the world and in Vietnam 2.1.1 Situation of maize production in the world 2.1.2 Maize production in Vietnam 2.2 Drought and the influence of drought 2.2.1 Drought definition 2.2.3 Influence of drought 2.3 Effect of drought on maize 11 2.3.1 Effect on growth and development 11 2.4 Recent studies and researches on drought in maize in the world and in Vietnam 14 2.4.1 Recent studies and researches of drought in maize in the world 14 2.4.2 Recent studies and researches of drought in maize in Vietnam 18 Chapter III MATERIAL AND METHOD 21 3.1 Objects, materials of the research 21 3.1.1 Objects and materials 21 iii 3.2 Location and time 21 3.3 Research contents 22 3.4 Methods 22 3.4.1 Plant materials and Growing condition 22 3.4.2 Drought treatment 23 3.4.3 Measurement of growth indices 23 3.4.4 Cultivation methods 24 3.4.5 Statistical analysis 25 Chapter IV RESULTS AND DISSCUSSION 26 4.1 Effect of water deficit conditions on growth traits of four maize varieties grown in the vinyl house 26 4.1.1 Effect of water deficit conditions on plant height of four maize varieties grown in the vinyl house 26 4.1.2 Effect of water deficit conditions on the increasing in number of leaves of four maize varieties grown in the vinyl house 31 4.2 Effect of water deficit conditions on physiological traits of four maize varieties grown in the vinyl house 34 4.2.1 Effect of water deficit conditions SPAD value of four maize varieties grown in the vinyl house 34 4.2.1.1 Effect of water deficit conditions on SPAD value of four maize varieties in tasseling stage 35 4.2.1.2 Effect of water deficit conditions on SPAD value of four maize varieties in silking stage 36 4.2.3 Effect of water deficit conditions on shoot dry matter of four maize varieties grown in the vinyl house 41 4.2.4 Interacting effect of water deficit conditions on physiological traits of four maize varieties grown in the vinyl house 43 4.2.5 Effect of water deficit conditions on root traits of four maize varieties grown in the vinyl house 45 iv 4.3 Effect of water deficit conditions on yield of four maize varieties grown in the vinyl house 51 4.3.1 Effect of water deficit conditions on the number of kernels per ear, 1000 kernels weight and grain yields of four maize varieties grown in the vinyl house 51 CHAPTER V CONCLUSIONS AND SUGGESTIONS 55 5.1 Conclusions 55 5.2 Suggestions 57 REFERENCES 57 SOME PICTURE IN EXPERIMENT 62 v LIST OF TABLES Table Maize production in the world in recent years 11 Table 2 Maize production in Vietnam in recent years 12 Table Effect of water deficit conditions on plant height of four maize varieties 26 Table Interacting effect of water deficit conditions on plant height of four maize varieties 29 Table Effect of water deficit conditions on leaves number of four maize varieties 31 Table 4 Interacting effect of water deficit conditions on the increasing of leaves number of four maize varieties 33 Table Interacting effect of water deficit conditions on physiological traits of four maize varieties grown in the vinyl house 43 Table Effect of soil water content on number of primary roots, primary root length and root dry weight of four maize varieties 45 Table Interacting effect of soil water content on number of primary roots, root length and root dry weight of four maize varieties 48 Table Effect of soil water content on number of kernels per ear, 1000 kernels weight and grain yields of four maize varieties 51 Table Interacting effect of soil water content on number of kernels per ear, 1000 kernels weight and grain yields of four maize varieties 53 vi LIST OF FIGURES Figure Effect of water deficit conditions on SPAD value of four maize varieties at tasseling stage 35 Figure Effect of varieties on SPAD value under four water deficit conditions in 15 leave stage 36 Figure Effect of water deficit conditions on SPAD value of four maize varieties at silking stage 37 Figure 4 Effect of varieties on SPAD value under four water deficit conditions in silking stage 38 Figure Effect of water deficit conditions on leave area of four maize varieties in sliking stage 39 Figure Effect of varieties on leave area under four water deficit conditions 40 Figure Effect of water deficit conditions on shoot dry matter of four maize varieties 41 Figure Effect of varieties on shoot dry matter under four water deficit conditions 42 vii LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS ABBREVIATION MEANING % Percentage CV Coefficient of variation Et al et alii FAO Food and Agriculture Organization FAOSTAT The Food and Agriculture Organization Corporate Statistical Database Hectare LSD Least significant difference SPAD SPAD WD Water deficit condition W1000 Weight of 1000 seeds SWC Soil water contents viii ANALYSING DATA Plant height BALANCED ANOVA FOR VARIATE W5 FILE MHEIGHT 26/ 2/21 15:46 :PAGE Maize height during the period of the experiment VARIATE V004 W5 LN SOURCE OF VARIATION DF SUMS OF MEAN F RATIO PROB ER SQUARES SQUARES LN ============================================================================= GIONG$ 11.8375 3.94583 2.67 0.055 CT$ 5.73750 1.91250 1.29 0.285 NL 4.37500 1.09375 0.74 0.572 GIONG$*CT$ 10.4125 1.15694 0.78 0.635 * RESIDUAL 60 88.8250 1.48042 * TOTAL (CORRECTED) 79 121.188 1.53402 BALANCED ANOVA FOR VARIATE W7 FILE MHEIGHT 26/ 2/21 15:46 :PAGE Maize height during the period of the experiment VARIATE V005 W7 LN SOURCE OF VARIATION DF SUMS OF MEAN F RATIO PROB ER SQUARES SQUARES LN ============================================================================= GIONG$ 242.275 80.7583 7.20 0.000 CT$ 21790.0 7263.35 647.23 0.000 NL 90.2687 22.5672 2.01 0.103 GIONG$*CT$ 720.125 80.0139 7.13 0.000 * RESIDUAL 60 673.335 11.2222 * TOTAL (CORRECTED) 79 23516.1 297.672 - BALANCED ANOVA FOR VARIATE W9 FILE MHEIGHT 26/ 2/21 15:46 :PAGE Maize height during the period of the experiment VARIATE V006 W9 LN SOURCE OF VARIATION DF SUMS OF MEAN F RATIO PROB ER SQUARES SQUARES LN ============================================================================= GIONG$ 184.421 61.4737 5.08 0.003 CT$ 34514.4 11504.8 951.12 0.000 NL 47.1063 11.7766 0.97 0.430 GIONG$*CT$ 854.426 94.9362 7.85 0.000 * RESIDUAL 60 725.761 12.0960 * TOTAL (CORRECTED) 79 36326.1 459.824 BALANCED ANOVA FOR VARIATE W11 FILE MHEIGHT 26/ 2/21 15:46 :PAGE Maize height during the period of the experiment VARIATE V007 W11 LN SOURCE OF VARIATION DF SUMS OF MEAN F RATIO PROB ER SQUARES SQUARES LN ============================================================================= GIONG$ 477.984 159.328 10.30 0.000 CT$ 48312.3 16104.1 ****** 0.000 NL 25.8250 6.45625 0.42 0.798 GIONG$*CT$ 979.303 108.811 7.03 0.000 * RESIDUAL 60 928.182 15.4697 67 * TOTAL (CORRECTED) 79 50723.6 642.071 BALANCED ANOVA FOR VARIATE W13 FILE MHEIGHT 26/ 2/21 15:46 :PAGE Maize height during the period of the experiment VARIATE V008 W13 LN SOURCE OF VARIATION DF SUMS OF MEAN F RATIO PROB ER SQUARES SQUARES LN ============================================================================= GIONG$ 746.060 248.687 15.79 0.000 CT$ 48957.4 16319.1 ****** 0.000 NL 14.9875 3.74688 0.24 0.915 GIONG$*CT$ 978.028 108.670 6.90 0.000 * RESIDUAL 60 945.022 15.7504 * TOTAL (CORRECTED) 79 51641.5 653.690 BALANCED ANOVA FOR VARIATE WFINAL FILE MHEIGHT 26/ 2/21 15:46 :PAGE Maize height during the period of the experiment VARIATE V009 WFINAL LN SOURCE OF VARIATION DF SUMS OF MEAN F RATIO PROB ER SQUARES SQUARES LN ============================================================================= GIONG$ 813.984 271.328 16.30 0.000 CT$ 47619.5 15873.2 953.86 0.000 NL 20.1375 5.03437 0.30 0.875 GIONG$*CT$ 912.003 101.334 6.09 0.000 * RESIDUAL 60 998.460 16.6410 * TOTAL (CORRECTED) 79 50364.1 637.521 TABLE OF MEANS FOR FACTORIAL EFFECTS FILE MHEIGHT 26/ 2/21 15:46 :PAGE Maize height during the period of the experiment MEANS FOR EFFECT GIONG$ GIONG$ G1 G2 G3 G0 SE(N= 5%LSD NOS 20 20 20 20 20) 60DF GIONG$ G1 G2 G3 G0 NOS 20 20 20 20 W5 93.5000 93.0000 92.9000 93.8500 W7 126.925 127.450 123.075 124.850 W9 151.837 155.225 153.125 151.275 W11 162.450 167.275 167.250 162.300 0.272068 0.769573 0.749074 2.11884 0.777690 2.19978 0.879480 2.48770 W13 166.925 173.500 172.925 167.325 WFINAL 170.450 176.300 175.750 169.025 SE(N= 20) 0.887422 0.912168 5%LSD 60DF 2.51017 2.58016 MEANS FOR EFFECT CT$ CT$ 30 25 20 15 SE(N= 5%LSD 20) 60DF CT$ 30 25 20 15 NOS 20 20 20 20 NOS 20 20 20 20 W5 93.5500 93.2500 93.5500 92.9000 W7 147.050 133.600 118.850 102.800 W9 178.175 164.675 145.637 122.975 W11 193.150 179.725 158.300 128.100 0.272068 0.769573 0.749074 2.11884 0.777690 2.19978 0.879480 2.48770 W13 198.425 185.450 163.700 133.100 WFINAL 200.300 188.450 166.600 136.175 68 SE(N= 20) 0.887422 0.912168 5%LSD 60DF 2.51017 2.58016 MEANS FOR EFFECT NL NL NOS 16 16 16 16 16 SE(N= 5%LSD 16) 60DF NL NOS 16 16 16 16 16 W5 93.4375 93.3125 93.3750 93.5625 92.8750 W7 126.469 124.312 125.469 127.062 124.562 W9 153.547 151.875 153.281 153.625 152.000 W11 165.281 164.156 165.219 165.344 164.094 0.304181 0.860408 0.837491 2.36893 0.869483 2.45943 0.983289 2.78134 W13 170.094 169.562 170.688 170.625 169.875 WFINAL 172.438 172.250 173.406 173.500 172.812 SE(N= 16) 0.992168 1.01983 5%LSD 60DF 2.80645 2.88471 MEANS FOR EFFECT GIONG$*CT$ GIONG$ G1 G1 G1 G1 G2 G2 G2 G2 G3 G3 G3 G3 G0 G0 G0 G0 CT$ 30 25 20 15 30 25 20 15 30 25 20 15 30 25 20 15 SE(N= 5%LSD 5) 60DF GIONG$ G1 G1 G1 G1 G2 G2 G2 G2 G3 G3 G3 G3 G0 G0 G0 G0 NOS 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 CT$ 30 25 20 15 30 25 20 15 30 25 20 15 30 25 20 15 NOS 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 W5 93.6000 93.6000 93.6000 93.2000 93.2000 93.0000 93.0000 92.8000 92.6000 92.8000 94.0000 92.2000 94.8000 93.6000 93.6000 93.4000 W7 151.800 130.800 121.100 104.000 149.000 130.400 123.800 106.600 140.400 136.000 114.900 101.000 147.000 137.200 115.600 99.6000 W9 182.100 159.600 144.250 121.400 179.500 162.100 152.300 127.000 174.000 168.900 146.500 123.100 177.100 168.100 139.500 120.400 0.544135 1.53915 1.49815 4.23767 1.55538 4.39956 W11 196.400 172.400 154.200 126.800 193.600 178.300 165.800 131.400 191.400 186.000 162.600 129.000 191.200 182.200 150.600 125.200 W13 199.800 179.300 158.200 130.400 200.300 184.400 173.800 135.500 196.800 190.100 167.900 136.900 196.800 188.000 154.900 129.600 WFINAL 201.600 183.200 163.000 134.000 202.000 188.400 177.200 137.600 199.200 192.800 169.600 141.400 198.400 189.400 156.600 131.700 SE(N= 5) 1.75896 1.77484 1.82434 5%LSD 60DF 4.97541 5.02034 5.16033 ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE SUMMARY TABLE FILE MHEIGHT 26/ 2/21 15:46 :PAGE Maize height during the period of the experiment 69 F-PROBABLIITY VALUES FOR EACH EFFECT IN THE MODEL SECTION - VARIATE W5 W7 W9 W11 W13 WFINAL GRAND MEAN (N= 80) NO OBS 80 93.312 80 125.57 80 152.87 80 164.82 80 170.17 80 172.88 STANDARD DEVIATION C OF V |GIONG$ SD/MEAN | BASED ON BASED ON % | TOTAL SS RESID SS | 1.2386 1.2167 1.3 0.0550 17.253 3.3500 2.7 0.0004 21.444 3.4779 2.3 0.0035 25.339 3.9332 2.4 0.0000 25.567 3.9687 2.3 0.0000 25.249 4.0793 2.4 0.0000 |CT$ | | | 0.2850 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 |NL | | | 0.5718 0.1033 0.4299 0.7975 0.9147 0.8754 |GIONG$*C| |T$ | | | | | 0.6351 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 Number of leaves BALANCED ANOVA FOR VARIATE W5 FILE LEAVEFN 26/ 2/21 16:27 :PAGE Number of leave during period of experiment VARIATE V004 W5 LN SOURCE OF VARIATION DF SUMS OF MEAN F RATIO PROB ER SQUARES SQUARES LN ============================================================================= GIONG$ 550000 183333 0.52 0.676 CT$ 850000 283333 0.80 0.502 NL 1.12500 281250 0.79 0.536 GIONG$*CT$ 950000 105556 0.30 0.972 * RESIDUAL 60 21.2750 354583 * TOTAL (CORRECTED) 79 24.7500 313291 BALANCED ANOVA FOR VARIATE W9 FILE LEAVEFN 26/ 2/21 16:27 :PAGE Number of leave during period of experiment VARIATE V005 W9 LN SOURCE OF VARIATION DF SUMS OF MEAN F RATIO PROB ER SQUARES SQUARES LN ============================================================================= GIONG$ 8.63750 2.87917 10.65 0.000 CT$ 50.0375 16.6792 61.68 0.000 NL 2.57500 643750 2.38 0.061 GIONG$*CT$ 10.4125 1.15694 4.28 0.000 * RESIDUAL 60 16.2250 270417 * TOTAL (CORRECTED) 79 87.8875 1.11250 BALANCED ANOVA FOR VARIATE W13 FILE LEAVEFN 26/ 2/21 16:27 :PAGE Number of leave during period of experiment VARIATE V006 W13 LN SOURCE OF VARIATION DF SUMS OF MEAN F RATIO PROB ER SQUARES SQUARES LN ============================================================================= GIONG$ 900001 300000 0.91 0.443 CT$ 31.7000 10.5667 32.10 0.000 NL 3.05000 762500 2.32 0.067 GIONG$*CT$ 8.40000 933333 2.84 0.008 * RESIDUAL 60 19.7500 329167 * TOTAL (CORRECTED) 79 63.8000 807595 BALANCED ANOVA FOR VARIATE WFINAL FILE LEAVEFN 26/ 2/21 16:27 :PAGE Number of leave during period of experiment VARIATE V007 WFINAL LN SOURCE OF VARIATION DF SUMS OF MEAN F RATIO PROB ER SQUARES SQUARES LN ============================================================================= GIONG$ 6.30000 2.10000 5.52 0.002 70 CT$ 33.5000 11.1667 29.35 0.000 NL 4.37500 1.09375 2.88 0.030 GIONG$*CT$ 9.00000 1.00000 2.63 0.012 * RESIDUAL 60 22.8250 380417 * TOTAL (CORRECTED) 79 76.0000 962025 TABLE OF MEANS FOR FACTORIAL EFFECTS FILE LEAVEFN 26/ 2/21 16:27 :PAGE Number of leave during period of experiment MEANS FOR EFFECT GIONG$ GIONG$ NOS 20 20 20 20 G1 G2 G3 G0 W5 8.45000 8.35000 8.25000 8.45000 W9 15.7500 15.4000 15.7500 14.9500 W13 18.5000 18.6500 18.6500 18.4000 WFINAL 18.7000 18.7500 19.3500 19.2000 SE(N= 20) 0.133151 0.116279 0.128290 0.137916 5%LSD 60DF 0.376632 0.328908 0.362882 0.390110 MEANS FOR EFFECT CT$ CT$ NOS 20 20 20 20 30 25 20 15 W5 8.45000 8.50000 8.30000 8.25000 W9 16.4500 15.9000 15.1500 14.3500 W13 19.4000 18.9000 18.0500 17.8500 WFINAL 19.8500 19.4000 18.4500 18.3000 SE(N= 20) 0.133151 0.116279 0.128290 0.137916 5%LSD 60DF 0.376632 0.328908 0.362882 0.390110 MEANS FOR EFFECT NL NL NOS 16 16 16 16 16 W5 8.50000 8.18750 8.50000 8.37500 8.31250 W9 15.6250 15.1875 15.3750 15.6875 15.4375 W13 18.5000 18.1875 18.6875 18.6875 18.6875 WFINAL 18.8750 18.6250 19.3125 19.0625 19.1250 SE(N= 16) 0.148867 0.130004 0.143433 0.154195 5%LSD 60DF 0.421087 0.367730 0.405714 0.436157 MEANS FOR EFFECT GIONG$*CT$ GIONG$ G1 G1 G1 G1 G2 G2 G2 G2 G3 G3 G3 G3 G0 G0 G0 G0 CT$ 30 25 20 15 30 25 20 15 30 25 20 15 30 25 20 15 SE(N= 5%LSD 5) 60DF GIONG$ G1 G1 G1 G1 NOS 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 CT$ 30 25 20 15 NOS 5 5 W5 8.40000 8.60000 8.20000 8.60000 8.40000 8.40000 8.40000 8.20000 8.40000 8.40000 8.20000 8.00000 8.60000 8.60000 8.40000 8.20000 W9 17.4000 16.2000 15.0000 14.4000 15.8000 15.4000 15.6000 14.8000 16.6000 16.2000 15.6000 14.6000 16.0000 15.8000 14.4000 13.6000 W13 19.2000 18.8000 18.2000 17.8000 19.0000 18.8000 18.4000 18.4000 19.6000 18.8000 18.2000 18.0000 19.8000 19.2000 17.4000 17.2000 0.266302 0.753263 0.232558 0.657816 0.256580 0.725764 WFINAL 19.2000 18.8000 18.6000 18.2000 71 G2 G2 G2 G2 G3 G3 G3 G3 G0 G0 G0 G0 30 25 20 15 30 25 20 15 30 25 20 15 5 5 5 5 5 5 19.2000 19.0000 18.4000 18.4000 20.4000 19.8000 18.6000 18.6000 20.6000 20.0000 18.2000 18.0000 SE(N= 5) 0.275832 5%LSD 60DF 0.780221 ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE SUMMARY TABLE FILE LEAVEFN 26/ 2/21 16:27 :PAGE Number of leave during period of experiment F-PROBABLIITY VALUES FOR EACH EFFECT IN THE MODEL SECTION - VARIATE W5 W9 W13 WFINAL GRAND MEAN (N= 80) NO OBS 80 8.3750 80 15.463 80 18.550 80 19.000 STANDARD DEVIATION C OF V |GIONG$ SD/MEAN | BASED ON BASED ON % | TOTAL SS RESID SS | 0.55972 0.59547 7.1 0.6761 1.0548 0.52002 3.4 0.0000 0.89866 0.57373 3.1 0.4429 0.98083 0.61678 3.2 0.0022 |CT$ | | | 0.5020 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 |NL | | | 0.5365 0.0609 0.0667 0.0300 |GIONG$*C| |T$ | | | | | 0.9720 0.0003 0.0076 0.0124 SPAD BALANCED ANOVA FOR VARIATE SILKING FILE SPAD 26/ 2/21 17:22 :PAGE SPAD VARIATE V005 SILKING LN SOURCE OF VARIATION DF SUMS OF MEAN F RATIO PROB ER SQUARES SQUARES LN ============================================================================= GIONG$ 506.196 168.732 99.52 0.000 CT$ 1783.38 594.461 350.63 0.000 NL 15.3833 3.84582 2.27 0.071 GIONG$*CT$ 48.2311 5.35901 3.16 0.004 * RESIDUAL 60 101.724 1.69541 * TOTAL (CORRECTED) 79 2454.92 31.0749 TABLE OF MEANS FOR FACTORIAL EFFECTS FILE SPAD 26/ 2/21 17:22 :PAGE SPAD MEANS FOR EFFECT GIONG$ GIONG$ G1 G2 G3 G0 NOS 20 20 20 20 HEADING 45.6200 42.5550 44.3900 42.4200 SILKING 43.3750 38.5150 39.4500 36.4450 SE(N= 20) 0.301849 0.291153 5%LSD 60DF 0.853812 0.823558 MEANS FOR EFFECT CT$ CT$ 30 25 20 15 NOS 20 20 20 20 HEADING 47.0050 44.7200 43.4800 39.7800 SILKING 45.5150 41.3300 38.4000 32.5400 72 SE(N= 20) 0.301849 0.291153 5%LSD 60DF 0.853812 0.823558 MEANS FOR EFFECT NL NL NOS 16 16 16 16 16 HEADING 43.9250 43.3500 44.3187 43.4125 43.7250 SILKING 40.1438 38.8312 39.6187 39.4500 39.1875 SE(N= 16) 0.337477 0.325519 5%LSD 60DF 0.954591 0.920766 MEANS FOR EFFECT GIONG$*CT$ GIONG$ G1 G1 G1 G1 G2 G2 G2 G2 G3 G3 G3 G3 G0 G0 G0 G0 CT$ 30 25 20 15 30 25 20 15 30 25 20 15 30 25 20 15 NOS 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 HEADING 49.6400 46.3600 45.1000 41.3800 45.8400 43.0600 42.5400 38.7800 47.7600 46.5800 43.9400 39.2800 44.7800 42.8800 42.3400 39.6800 SILKING 48.1600 45.0600 42.8000 37.4800 44.1400 40.3800 38.3000 31.2400 46.0200 42.5000 37.2200 32.0600 43.7400 37.3800 35.2800 29.3800 SE(N= 5) 0.603698 0.582307 5%LSD 60DF 1.70762 1.64712 ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE SUMMARY TABLE FILE SPAD 26/ 2/21 17:22 :PAGE SPAD F-PROBABLIITY VALUES FOR EACH EFFECT IN THE MODEL SECTION - VARIATE HEADING SILKING GRAND MEAN (N= 80) NO OBS 80 43.746 80 39.446 STANDARD DEVIATION C OF V |GIONG$ SD/MEAN | BASED ON BASED ON % | TOTAL SS RESID SS | 3.2638 1.3499 3.1 0.0000 5.5745 1.3021 3.3 0.0000 |CT$ | | | 0.0000 0.0000 |NL | | | 0.2509 0.0715 |GIONG$*C| |T$ | | | | | 0.0556 0.0035 Leaf area BALANCED ANOVA FOR VARIATE AREA FILE AREA 1/ 3/21 3: :PAGE ANOVA for leave area VARIATE V004 AREA AR LN SOURCE OF VARIATION DF SUMS OF MEAN F RATIO PROB ER SQUARES SQUARES LN ============================================================================= GIONG$ 478274E-01 159425E-01 7.69 0.001 CT 690352 230117 111.03 0.000 NL 351165E-02 175583E-02 0.85 0.442 GIONG$*CT 167355E-01 185950E-02 0.90 0.540 * RESIDUAL 30 621774E-01 207258E-02 - 73 * TOTAL (CORRECTED) 47 820604 174597E-01 TABLE OF MEANS FOR FACTORIAL EFFECTS FILE AREA 1/ 3/21 3: :PAGE ANOVA for leave area MEANS FOR EFFECT GIONG$ GIONG$ NOS 12 12 12 12 G1 G2 G3 G0 AREA 0.532725 0.588801 0.613107 0.606181 SE(N= 12) 0.131421E-01 5%LSD 30DF 0.379555E-01 MEANS FOR EFFECT CT CT NOS 12 12 12 12 15 20 25 30 AREA 0.420547 0.526789 0.664143 0.729335 SE(N= 12) 0.131421E-01 5%LSD 30DF 0.379555E-01 MEANS FOR EFFECT NL NL NOS 16 16 16 AREA 0.594875 0.574076 0.586660 SE(N= 16) 0.113814E-01 5%LSD 30DF 0.328704E-01 MEANS FOR EFFECT GIONG$*CT GIONG$ G1 G1 G1 G1 G2 G2 G2 G2 G3 G3 G3 G3 G0 G0 G0 G0 CT 15 20 25 30 15 20 25 30 15 20 25 30 15 20 25 30 NOS 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 AREA 0.401322 0.488273 0.585303 0.656002 0.421401 0.545062 0.664062 0.724676 0.444030 0.552064 0.691404 0.764931 0.415435 0.521756 0.715803 0.771729 SE(N= 3) 0.262842E-01 5%LSD 30DF 0.759110E-01 ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE SUMMARY TABLE FILE AREA 1/ 3/21 3: :PAGE 74 ANOVA for leave area F-PROBABLIITY VALUES FOR EACH EFFECT IN THE MODEL SECTION - VARIATE AREA GRAND MEAN (N= 48) NO OBS 48 0.58520 STANDARD DEVIATION C OF V |GIONG$ SD/MEAN | BASED ON BASED ON % | TOTAL SS RESID SS | 0.13213 0.45526E-01 7.8 0.0006 |CT | | | 0.0000 |NL | | | 0.4417 |GIONG$*C| |T | | | | | 0.5403 Shoot dry matter BALANCED ANOVA FOR VARIATE DRY FILE SHOOT2 1/ 3/21 0:58 :PAGE ANOVA for shoot dry weight VARIATE V004 DRY LN SOURCE OF VARIATION DF SUMS OF MEAN F RATIO PROB ER SQUARES SQUARES LN ============================================================================= GIONG$ 123.865 41.2882 9.35 0.000 CT 5893.43 1964.48 444.84 0.000 NL 33.2900 16.6450 3.77 0.034 GIONG$*CT 241.653 26.8503 6.08 0.000 * RESIDUAL 30 132.485 4.41616 * TOTAL (CORRECTED) 47 6424.72 136.696 BALANCED ANOVA FOR VARIATE FRESH FILE SHOOT2 1/ 3/21 0:58 :PAGE ANOVA for shoot fresh weight and dry weight TABLE OF MEANS FOR FACTORIAL EFFECTS FILE SHOOT2 1/ 3/21 0:58 :PAGE ANOVA for shoot dry weight MEANS FOR EFFECT GIONG$ GIONG$ G1 G2 G3 G0 NOS 12 12 12 12 DRY 63.4025 67.1383 66.6458 64.0625 SE(N= 12) 0.606641 5%LSD 30DF 1.75203 MEANS FOR EFFECT CT CT 15 20 25 30 NOS 12 12 12 12 DRY 49.1858 61.4142 72.5525 78.0967 SE(N= 12) 0.606641 5%LSD 30DF 1.75203 MEANS FOR EFFECT NL NL NOS DRY 75 16 16 16 66.4431 65.0319 64.4619 SE(N= 16) 0.525367 5%LSD 30DF 1.51730 MEANS FOR EFFECT GIONG$*CT GIONG$ G1 G1 G1 G1 G2 G2 G2 G2 G3 G3 G3 G3 G0 G0 G0 G0 CT 15 20 25 30 15 20 25 30 15 20 25 30 15 20 25 30 NOS 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 DRY 48.7733 61.7633 66.6267 76.4467 50.8167 64.3933 75.4833 77.8600 51.9067 63.3367 73.2333 78.1067 45.2467 56.1633 74.8667 79.9733 SE(N= 3) 1.21328 5%LSD 30DF 3.50406 ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE SUMMARY TABLE FILE SHOOT2 1/ 3/21 0:58 :PAGE ANOVA for shoot fresh weight and dry weight F-PROBABLIITY VALUES FOR EACH EFFECT IN THE MODEL SECTION - VARIATE DRY GRAND MEAN (N= 48) NO OBS 48 65.312 STANDARD DEVIATION C OF V |GIONG$ SD/MEAN | BASED ON BASED ON % | TOTAL SS RESID SS | 11.692 2.1015 3.2 0.0002 |CT | | | 0.0000 |NL | | | 0.0340 |GIONG$*C| |T | | | | | 0.0001 Root traits BALANCED ANOVA FOR VARIATE ROOTS FILE ROOTS2 24/ 2/21 11: :PAGE Number of primary root and root dry weight VARIATE V004 ROOTS LN SOURCE OF VARIATION DF SUMS OF MEAN F RATIO PROB ER SQUARES SQUARES LN ============================================================================= GIONG$ 232.917 77.6389 34.36 0.000 CT$ 493.750 164.583 72.83 0.000 NL 875000 437500 0.19 0.827 GIONG$*CT$ 293.917 32.6574 14.45 0.000 * RESIDUAL 30 67.7917 2.25972 * TOTAL (CORRECTED) 47 1089.25 23.1755 - 76 BALANCED ANOVA FOR VARIATE DRYM FILE ROOTS2 24/ 2/21 11: :PAGE Number of primary root and root dry weight VARIATE V005 DRYM LN SOURCE OF VARIATION DF SUMS OF MEAN F RATIO PROB ER SQUARES SQUARES LN ============================================================================= GIONG$ 41.5588 13.8529 10.27 0.000 CT$ 553.099 184.366 136.71 0.000 NL 3.76812 1.88406 1.40 0.262 GIONG$*CT$ 203.851 22.6502 16.80 0.000 * RESIDUAL 30 40.4568 1.34856 * TOTAL (CORRECTED) 47 842.734 17.9305 TABLE OF MEANS FOR FACTORIAL EFFECTS FILE ROOTS2 24/ 2/21 11: :PAGE Number of primary root and root dry weight MEANS FOR EFFECT GIONG$ GIONG$ NOS 12 12 12 12 G1 G2 G3 G0 ROOTS 35.0833 32.7500 29.7500 29.9167 DRYM 19.6800 20.2975 20.4433 18.0958 SE(N= 12) 0.433947 0.335231 5%LSD 30DF 1.25328 0.968176 MEANS FOR EFFECT CT$ CT$ NOS 12 12 12 12 30 25 20 15 ROOTS 31.1667 34.6667 34.7500 26.9167 DRYM 20.1608 22.4017 22.0183 13.9358 SE(N= 12) 0.433947 0.335231 5%LSD 30DF 1.25328 0.968176 MEANS FOR EFFECT NL NL NOS 16 16 16 ROOTS 31.7500 32.0625 31.8125 DRYM 19.5875 19.9913 19.3088 SE(N= 16) 0.375809 0.290319 5%LSD 30DF 1.08537 0.838465 MEANS FOR EFFECT GIONG$*CT$ GIONG$ G1 G1 G1 G1 G2 G2 G2 G2 G3 G3 G3 G3 G0 G0 G0 G0 CT$ 30 25 20 15 30 25 20 15 30 25 20 15 30 25 20 15 NOS 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 ROOTS 31.6667 37.3333 39.0000 32.3333 31.6667 34.3333 37.3333 27.6667 29.3333 30.3333 36.0000 23.3333 32.0000 36.6667 26.6667 24.3333 DRYM 20.5067 21.1967 23.4433 13.5733 19.9300 21.1767 24.1600 15.9233 19.5467 22.6267 25.3433 14.2567 20.6600 24.6067 15.1267 11.9900 77 SE(N= 3) 0.867895 0.670462 5%LSD 30DF 2.50655 1.93635 ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE SUMMARY TABLE FILE ROOTS2 24/ 2/21 11: :PAGE Number of primary root and root dry weight F-PROBABLIITY VALUES FOR EACH EFFECT IN THE MODEL SECTION - VARIATE ROOTS DRYM GRAND MEAN (N= 48) NO OBS 48 31.875 48 19.629 STANDARD DEVIATION C OF V |GIONG$ SD/MEAN | BASED ON BASED ON % | TOTAL SS RESID SS | 4.8141 1.5032 4.7 0.0000 4.2344 1.1613 5.9 0.0001 |CT$ | | | 0.0000 0.0000 BALANCED ANOVA FOR VARIATE LROOT FILE ROOTS3 24/ 2/21 14:11 :PAGE Length of root |NL | | | 0.8266 0.2623 |GIONG$*C| |T$ | | | | | 0.0000 0.0000 VARIATE V006 LROOT LN SOURCE OF VARIATION DF SUMS OF MEAN F RATIO PROB ER SQUARES SQUARES LN ============================================================================= GIONG$ 448.825 149.608 14.59 0.000 CT$ 4916.41 1638.80 159.84 0.000 NL 19.8816 9.94082 0.97 0.393 GIONG$*CT$ 350.900 38.9889 3.80 0.003 * RESIDUAL 30 307.579 10.2526 * TOTAL (CORRECTED) 47 6043.60 128.587 TABLE OF MEANS FOR FACTORIAL EFFECTS FILE ROOTS3 24/ 2/21 14:11 :PAGE Length of root MEANS FOR EFFECT GIONG$ GIONG$ G1 G2 G3 G0 NOS 12 12 12 12 LROOT 78.7250 81.5750 82.2500 74.4833 SE(N= 12) 0.924330 5%LSD 30DF 2.66954 MEANS FOR EFFECT CT$ CT$ 30 25 20 15 NOS 12 12 12 12 LROOT 68.6417 84.2333 93.4000 70.7583 SE(N= 12) 0.924330 5%LSD 30DF 2.66954 MEANS FOR EFFECT NL NL NOS 16 16 16 LROOT 80.1000 79.1375 78.5375 SE(N= 16) 0.800493 5%LSD 30DF 2.31189 - 78 MEANS FOR EFFECT GIONG$*CT$ GIONG$ G1 G1 G1 G1 G2 G2 G2 G2 G3 G3 G3 G3 G0 G0 G0 G0 CT$ 30 25 20 15 30 25 20 15 30 25 20 15 30 25 20 15 NOS 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 LROOT 66.8000 86.7667 93.1333 68.2000 71.3000 82.0333 98.5667 74.4000 68.0000 88.3333 98.7333 73.9333 68.4667 79.8000 83.1667 66.5000 SE(N= 3) 1.84866 5%LSD 30DF 5.33909 ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE SUMMARY TABLE FILE ROOTS3 24/ 2/21 14:11 :PAGE Length of root F-PROBABLIITY VALUES FOR EACH EFFECT IN THE MODEL SECTION - VARIATE LROOT GRAND MEAN (N= 48) NO OBS 48 79.258 STANDARD DEVIATION C OF V |GIONG$ SD/MEAN | BASED ON BASED ON % | TOTAL SS RESID SS | 11.340 3.2020 4.0 0.0000 |CT$ | | | 0.0000 |NL | | | 0.3929 |GIONG$*C| |T$ | | | | | 0.0027 Yield traits BALANCED ANOVA FOR VARIATE KERNELS FILE YIELD1 3/ 3/21 20: :PAGE ANOVA for yields traits VARIATE V004 KERNELS LN SOURCE OF VARIATION DF SUMS OF MEAN F RATIO PROB ER SQUARES SQUARES LN ============================================================================= GIONG$ 10179.6 3393.19 51.23 0.000 CT 450076 150025 ****** 0.000 NL 27.1250 13.5625 0.20 0.818 GIONG$*CT 4927.69 547.521 8.27 0.000 * RESIDUAL 30 1986.87 66.2291 * TOTAL (CORRECTED) 47 467197 9940.37 BALANCED ANOVA FOR VARIATE 1000K FILE YIELD1 3/ 3/21 20: :PAGE ANOVA for yields traits VARIATE V005 1000K LN SOURCE OF VARIATION DF SUMS OF MEAN F RATIO PROB ER SQUARES SQUARES LN ============================================================================= GIONG$ 6421.53 2140.51 99.32 0.000 CT 89151.8 29717.3 ****** 0.000 NL 21.5568 10.7784 0.50 0.617 GIONG$*CT 2247.34 249.704 11.59 0.000 * RESIDUAL 30 646.582 21.5527 * TOTAL (CORRECTED) 47 98488.8 2095.51 79 BALANCED ANOVA FOR VARIATE YIELDS FILE YIELD1 3/ 3/21 20: :PAGE ANOVA for yields traits VARIATE V006 YIELDS LN SOURCE OF VARIATION DF SUMS OF MEAN F RATIO PROB ER SQUARES SQUARES LN ============================================================================= GIONG$ 100265E-01 334218E-02 23.72 0.000 CT 1.67927 559756 ****** 0.000 NL 224276E-03 112138E-03 0.80 0.464 GIONG$*CT 136629E-01 151810E-02 10.77 0.000 * RESIDUAL 30 422744E-02 140915E-03 * TOTAL (CORRECTED) 47 1.70741 363279E-01 TABLE OF MEANS FOR FACTORIAL EFFECTS FILE YIELD1 3/ 3/21 20: :PAGE ANOVA for yields traits MEANS FOR EFFECT GIONG$ GIONG$ NOS 12 12 12 12 G1 G2 G3 G0 KERNELS 267.500 306.583 296.583 284.583 1000K 283.211 262.214 262.983 251.154 YIELDS 0.404575 0.430268 0.417717 0.391560 SE(N= 12) 2.34928 1.34017 0.342679E-02 5%LSD 30DF 6.78491 3.87053 0.989687E-02 MEANS FOR EFFECT CT CT NOS 12 12 12 12 15 20 25 30 KERNELS 152.417 247.000 352.667 403.167 1000K 198.827 256.038 292.853 311.845 YIELDS 0.154341 0.322462 0.526195 0.641122 SE(N= 12) 2.34928 1.34017 0.342679E-02 5%LSD 30DF 6.78491 3.87053 0.989687E-02 MEANS FOR EFFECT NL NL NOS 16 16 16 KERNELS 289.812 288.000 288.625 1000K 265.792 264.187 264.693 YIELDS 0.413712 0.408418 0.410960 SE(N= 16) 2.03453 1.16062 0.296769E-02 5%LSD 30DF 5.87590 3.35198 0.857094E-02 MEANS FOR EFFECT GIONG$*CT GIONG$ G1 G1 G1 G1 G2 G2 G2 CT 15 20 25 30 15 20 25 NOS 3 3 3 KERNELS 139.000 220.333 326.667 384.000 176.000 276.000 363.333 1000K 217.802 285.767 307.927 321.348 189.885 260.271 292.357 YIELDS 0.154558 0.321105 0.513061 0.629575 0.170493 0.366395 0.541956 80 G2 G3 G3 G3 G3 G0 G0 G0 G0 30 15 20 25 30 15 20 25 30 3 3 3 3 411.000 163.333 264.000 357.333 401.667 131.333 227.667 363.333 416.000 306.343 199.067 252.769 289.049 311.049 188.555 225.345 282.078 308.639 0.642228 0.165918 0.340561 0.526922 0.637466 0.126395 0.261786 0.522840 0.655221 SE(N= 3) 4.69855 2.68034 0.685358E-02 5%LSD 30DF 13.5698 7.74106 0.197937E-01 ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE SUMMARY TABLE FILE YIELD1 3/ 3/21 20: :PAGE ANOVA for yields traits F-PROBABLIITY VALUES FOR EACH EFFECT IN THE MODEL SECTION - VARIATE KERNELS 1000K YIELDS GRAND MEAN (N= 48) NO OBS 48 288.81 48 264.89 48 0.41103 STANDARD DEVIATION C OF V |GIONG$ SD/MEAN | BASED ON BASED ON % | TOTAL SS RESID SS | 99.701 8.1381 2.8 0.0000 45.777 4.6425 1.8 0.0000 0.19060 0.11871E-01 2.9 0.0000 |CT | | | 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 |NL | | | 0.8178 0.6167 0.4640 |GIONG$*C| |T | | | | | 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 81