VIETNAM NATIONAL UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURE FACULTY OF AGRONOMY  - UNDERGRADUATE THESIS TITLE: EFFECT OF ORGANIC EXTRACTED NUTRIENT SOLUTION ON GROWTH, YIELD OF SOME LEAF VEGETABLES ON VERTICAL AQUAPONICS SYSTEM STUDENT : PHAN NHAT THANH STUDENT CODE : 613091 INSTRUCTOR CLASS: K61KHCTT : Dr NGUYEN THI AI NGHIA DEPARTMENT OF EXPERIMENTAL METHODS & BIOLOGY STATISTICS HANOI - 2021 REASSURANCES I hereby declare that the data and research results presented in this thesis are completely honest and objective, made on the basis of theoretical research, specialized knowledge, actual survey research Any assistance in the implementation of this thesis is appreciated and the information cited in the thesis is clearly traced Hanoi, February 24, 2021 Student Phan Nhat Thanh i ACKNOWLEGEMENTS To complete this thesis, I am deeply indebted to many people for their advice, instruction and support First and foremost, I would like to send my gratitude to my instructor, Dr Nguyen Thi Ai Nghia, Department of Experimental Methods & Biology Statistics, Faculty of Agronomy, Vietnam National University of Agriculture, for her enthusiastic support, helpful advice and considerable encouragement in the completion of my thesis I would also like to give my gratitude to my teachers who gave me the necessary knowledge and skills during my time here Especially I would also like to give my gratitude to all of my teachers in faculty of Agronomy and Center for Organic Agriculture Promotion and Studies In addition, I would like to acknowledge my family, who always stood by me, for their in conditional love and support, both financially and emotionally throughout my work Save the best for last, I want to express my thanks to my friends in Vietnam National University of Agriculture for their friendship and support Hanoi, February 24, 2021 Student Phan Nhat Thanh ii CONTENTS REASSURANCES i ACKNOWLEGEMENTS ii CONTENTS iii LIST OF ACRONYMS vi LIST OF TABLES vii LIST OF FIGURES ix ABSTRACT x Chapter I INTRODUCTION 1.1 Introduction 1.2 Objectives and requirements 1.2.1 Objectives 1.2.2 Requirements 1.3 Research scope 1.4 New contributions, the scientific or practical significance of the topic 1.4.1 New contributions of the topic 1.4.2 The scientific or practical significance of the topic Chapter II LITERATURE REVIEW 2.1 Overview of the aquaponics system 2.1.1 The definition of aquaponics system 2.1.2 Several popular aquaponics systems in the world 2.2 Vertical aquaponics system 10 2.2.1 Vertical farming 10 2.2.2 Vertical aquaponics 11 2.3 Introduction to the water spinach, loose leaf lettuce and leaf mustard 13 iii 2.3.1 Water spinach 13 2.3.2 Loose Leaf lettuce 15 2.3.3 Leaf mustard 17 2.4 Organic nutrient solution is extracted from animal and plant materials 18 2.4.1 Nutritional supplements for aquaponics 18 2.4.2 Extraction process 19 2.4.3 The effectiveness of organics nutrient solution 19 2.5 Some research articles on aquaponics system 20 Chapter III MATERIAL AND METHOD 24 3.1 Object and Material 24 3.1.1 Object 24 3.2 Place and time 25 3.3 Research contents 25 3.4 Methods 26 3.4.1 Research methods 26 3.4.2 Technical application 27 3.5 Characteristics 27 3.6 Data analysis 28 Chapter IV RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 29 4.1 Results of environmental factors during the research period 29 4.1.1 The pH 29 4.1.2 TDS concentrations 30 4.2 Effect of organic extracted nutrient solution concentration on growth characteristics and physiologic characteristics of water spinach 31 4.2.1 Effect of organic extracted nutrient solution concentration on growth characteristics of water spinach 31 iv 4.2.2 Effect of organic extracted nutrient solution concentration on SPAD index, Brix value and leaf area of water spinach 36 4.2.3 Effect of organic extracted nutrient solution concentration on the yield of water spinach 38 4.3 Effect of organic extracted nutrient solution concentration on growth characteristics and physiologic characteristics of loose leaf lettuce 39 4.3.1 Effect of organic extracted nutrient solution concentration on growth characteristics of loose leaf lettuce 39 4.3.2 Effect of organic extracted nutrient solution concentration on SPAD index, Brix value and leaf area of loose leaf lettuce 43 4.3.3 Effect of organic extracted nutrient solution concentration on the yield of loose leaf lettuce 45 4.4 Effect of organic extracted nutrient solution concentration on growth characteristics and physiologic characteristics of leaf mustard 46 4.4.1 Effect of organic extracted nutrient solution concentration on growth characteristics of leaf mustard 46 4.4.2 Effect of organic extracted nutrient solution concentration on SPAD index, Brix value and leaf area of leaf mustard 49 4.4.3 Effect of organic extracted nutrient solution concentration on the yield of leaf mustard 52 4.5 Revenues and profits of the aquaponics system 53 Chapter V CONCLUSIONS AND SUGGESTIONS 56 5.1 Conclusions 56 5.2 Suggestions 57 REFERENCES 58 v LIST OF ACRONYMS AP Aquaponics production Brix Sugar content of an aqueous solution DPT Days post-transplant DWC Deep water culture NFT Nutrient Film Technique PSDR-LIPI Regional Resources Research Center - Institute of Science Indonesian knowledge RAS Recirculating aquaculture system SPAD Measure specific to chlorophyll content in plant leaves TDS Totals dissolved solids vi LIST OF TABLES Table 2.1 Nutritional ingredients are in the original organic nutrient solution 19 Table 4.1 The pH variation in the fish tank 30 Table 4.2 The TDS variation in the fish tank (g/L) 31 Table 4.3 Effect of organics nutrient solution concentration on water spinach height 32 Table 4.4 Effect of organics nutrient solution concentration on number of leaves of water spinach 34 Table 4.5 Effect of organics nutrient solution concentration on SPAD index of water spinach 36 Table 4.6 Effect of organics nutrient solution concentration on Brix value and leaf area of water spinach 37 Table 4.7 Effects of organics nutrient solution on some indicators of yield and product quality 39 Table 4.8 The effect of organics nutrient solution concentration on loose leaf lettuce height 40 Table 4.9 Effect of organics nutrient solution concentration on number of leaves of loose leaf lettuce 42 Table 4.10 Effect of organics nutrient solution concentration on SPAD index of loose leaf lettuce 43 Table 4.11 Effect of organics nutrient solution concentration on Brix value and leaf area of loose leaf lettuce 44 Table 4.12 Effects of organics nutrient solution on some indicators of yield and product quality 45 Table 4.13 The effect of organics nutrient solution concentration on leaf mustard height 47 vii Table 4.14 The effect of organics nutrient solution concentration on number of leaf of leaf mustard 48 Table 4.15 Effect of nutrient solution concentration on SPAD index of leaf mustard 50 Table 4.16 Effect of organics nutrient solution concentration on Brix value and leaf area of leaf mustard 51 Table 4.17 Effects of organics nutrient solution on some indicators of yield and product quality 53 Table 4.18 The revenue and profits of aquaponics system 54 viii LIST OF FIGURES Fig 2.1 The model illustrates the working principle of the vertical Aquaponics system 12 Fig 2.2 The number of papers published on ‘Hydroponics’, ‘Recirculating aquaculture system’(RAS) and ‘Aquaponics’ from 1980 to 2018 (data were collected from the Scopus database on 30 January 2019) (Goddek et al, 2019) 21 Fig 4.1 Height growth of water spinach in the experiment 33 Fig 4.2 Effect of organics nutrient solution concentration on number of leaves of water spinach 35 Fig 4.3 SPAD index, brix value and leaf area of water spinach at the day of harvest 37 Fig 4.4 The effect of organics nutrient solution concentration on loose leaf lettuce height 40 Fig 4.5 Effect of organics nutrient solution concentration on number of leaves of loose leaf lettuce 42 Fig 4.6 SPAD index, brix value and leaf area of loose leaf lettuce at the day of harvest 44 Fig 4.7 The effect of organics nutrient solution concentration 47 Fig 4.8 The effect of organics nutrient solution concentration on number of leaf of leaf mustard 49 Fig 4.9 Effect of organics nutrient solution concentration on Brix value, leaf area and SPAD index of leaf mustard 51 ix SE(N= 5) 5%LSD 16DF 0.648074E-01 0.194294 ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE SUMMARY TABLE FILE BRIX 21/ 1/21 12:16 :PAGE effect of nutrient solution on brix value of leaf lettuce F-PROBABLIITY VALUES FOR EACH EFFECT IN THE MODEL SECTION - VARIATE BRIX GRAND MEAN STANDARD (N= SD/MEAN | 20) DEVIATION NO BASED ON BASED ON OBS TOTAL SS RESID SS 0.40795 0.14491 AREA FILE AREA 20 3.4700 BALANCED ANOVA FOR VARIATE C OF V |CT % | | | | | | 4.2 0.0000 23/ 1/21 10:29 :PAGE effect of nutrient solution on leaf area of leaf lettuce VARIATE V003 AREA LN SOURCE OF VARIATION DF SUMS OF MEAN SQUARES SQUARES F RATIO PROB ER LN ============================================================================= CT 3686.10 1228.70 167.47 0.000 NL 35.6649 17.8325 2.43 0.168 * RESIDUAL 44.0206 7.33677 * TOTAL (CORRECTED) 11 3765.79 342.344 -  Effects of organics nutrient solution on some indicators of yield and product quality of loose leaf lettuce BALANCED ANOVA FOR VARIATE KL FILE YIELD 5/ 2/21 8:55 :PAGE Effects of organics nutrient solution on some indicators of yield and product qu VARIATE V003 KL LN SOURCE OF VARIATION DF SUMS OF MEAN SQUARES SQUARES F RATIO PROB ER LN ============================================================================= CT 138678E+07 462261 80 81.44 0.000 * RESIDUAL 45410.5 5676.31 * TOTAL (CORRECTED) 11 143219E+07 130199 BALANCED ANOVA FOR VARIATE HLCK FILE YIELD 5/ 2/21 8:55 :PAGE Effects of organics nutrient solution on some indicators of yield and product qu VARIATE V004 HLCK LN SOURCE OF VARIATION DF SUMS OF MEAN SQUARES SQUARES F RATIO PROB ER LN ============================================================================= CT 8.29881 2.76627 * RESIDUAL 687290 859113E-01 32.20 0.000 * TOTAL (CORRECTED) 11 8.98610 816918 BALANCED ANOVA FOR VARIATE WATER FILE YIELD 5/ 2/21 8:55 :PAGE Effects of organics nutrient solution on some indicators of yield and product qu VARIATE V005 WATER LN SOURCE OF VARIATION DF SUMS OF MEAN SQUARES SQUARES F RATIO PROB ER LN ============================================================================= CT 8.29884 2.76628 * RESIDUAL 687291 859114E-01 32.20 0.000 * TOTAL (CORRECTED) 11 8.98613 816921 TABLE OF MEANS FOR FACTORIAL EFFECTS FILE YIELD 5/ 2/21 8:55 :PAGE Effects of organics nutrient solution on some indicators of yield and product qu MEANS FOR EFFECT CT CT NOS KL HLCK WATER 1760.50 7.59023 2140.63 8.49076 91.5092 3 2328.17 8.86206 91.1379 1449.32 6.71818 93.2818 43.4983 0.169225 0.169225 SE(N= 3) 81 92.4098 5%LSD 8DF 141.844 0.551826 0.551826 ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE SUMMARY TABLE FILE YIELD 5/ 2/21 8:55 :PAGE Effects of organics nutrient solution on some indicators of yield and product qu F-PROBABLIITY VALUES FOR EACH EFFECT IN THE MODEL SECTION - VARIATE GRAND MEAN STANDARD (N= SD/MEAN | 12) DEVIATION NO BASED ON BASED ON OBS TOTAL SS RESID SS C OF V |CT % | | | | | | KL 12 1919.7 360.83 75.341 3.9 0.0000 HLCK 12 7.9153 0.90384 0.29311 3.7 0.0001 WATER 12 92.085 0.90384 0.29311 0.3 0.0001  Effect of nutrient solution on leaf mustard height BALANCED ANOVA FOR VARIATE L1 FILE CCAO 21/ 1/21 11:20 :PAGE effect of nutrient solution on leaf mustard height VARIATE V003 L1 LN SOURCE OF VARIATION DF SUMS OF MEAN SQUARES SQUARES F RATIO PROB ER LN ============================================================================= CT 2.48427 828089 NL 246666E-02 123333E-02 * RESIDUAL 199333E-01 332222E-02 249.26 0.000 0.37 0.707 * TOTAL (CORRECTED) 11 2.50667 227879 BALANCED ANOVA FOR VARIATE L2 FILE CCAO 21/ 1/21 11:20 :PAGE effect of nutrient solution on leaf mustard height VARIATE V004 L2 LN SOURCE OF VARIATION DF SUMS OF MEAN SQUARES SQUARES F RATIO PROB ER LN ============================================================================= CT 10.6852 3.56173 NL 324667E-01 162333E-01 * RESIDUAL 118005E-01 196676E-02 ****** 0.000 8.25 0.020 - 82 * TOTAL (CORRECTED) 11 10.7295 975406 BALANCED ANOVA FOR VARIATE L3 FILE CCAO 21/ 1/21 11:20 :PAGE effect of nutrient solution on leaf mustard height VARIATE V005 L3 LN SOURCE OF VARIATION DF SUMS OF MEAN SQUARES SQUARES F RATIO PROB ER LN ============================================================================= CT 19.8433 6.61443 NL 102067 510333E-01 * RESIDUAL 115000 191666E-01 345.10 0.000 2.66 0.148 * TOTAL (CORRECTED) 11 20.0604 1.82367 BALANCED ANOVA FOR VARIATE L4 FILE CCAO 21/ 1/21 11:20 :PAGE effect of nutrient solution on leaf mustard height VARIATE V006 L4 LN SOURCE OF VARIATION DF SUMS OF MEAN SQUARES SQUARES F RATIO PROB ER LN ============================================================================= CT 35.3256 11.7752 NL 106667 533334E-01 * RESIDUAL 756799 126133 93.36 0.000 0.42 0.676 * TOTAL (CORRECTED) 11 36.1891 3.28992 BALANCED ANOVA FOR VARIATE L5 FILE CCAO 21/ 1/21 11:20 :PAGE effect of nutrient solution on leaf mustard height VARIATE V007 L5 LN SOURCE OF VARIATION DF SUMS OF MEAN SQUARES SQUARES F RATIO PROB ER LN ============================================================================= CT 52.1758 17.3919 NL 196467 982334E-01 * RESIDUAL 675270 112545 154.53 0.000 0.87 0.467 * TOTAL (CORRECTED) 11 53.0476 4.82251 BALANCED ANOVA FOR VARIATE L6 FILE CCAO 83 21/ 1/21 11:20 :PAGE effect of nutrient solution on leaf mustard height VARIATE V008 L6 LN SOURCE OF VARIATION DF SUMS OF MEAN F RATIO PROB SQUARES SQUARES ER LN ============================================================================= CT 47.4153 15.8051 73.55 0.000 NL 520468 260234 1.21 0.363 * RESIDUAL 1.28940 214900 * TOTAL (CORRECTED) 11 49.2252 4.47501 TABLE OF MEANS FOR FACTORIAL EFFECTS FILE CCAO 21/ 1/21 11:20 :PAGE effect of nutrient solution on leaf mustard height MEANS FOR EFFECT CT L1 L2 L3 L4 CT NOS 3.74667 6.44000 9.38000 11.2333 4.13333 7.18667 10.7800 13.1733 3 4.17333 7.48000 10.6067 13.0333 3.04000 5.04000 7.56000 8.93333 SE(N= 3) 0.332777E-01 0.256044E-01 0.799305E-01 0.205047 5%LSD 6DF 0.115113 CT NOS 0.885698E-01 0.276492 L5 L6 14.0000 16.0933 15.7267 17.8333 3 16.0400 18.5133 10.7867 13.3667 SE(N= 3) 0.193688 0.267644 5%LSD 6DF 0.669997 0.925823 0.709291 MEANS FOR EFFECT NL L1 L2 L3 L4 NL 3.75500 6.49500 9.47500 11.4600 3.77500 6.50500 9.57000 11.6600 3.79000 6.61000 9.70000 11.6600 SE(N= 4) NOS 0.288193E-01 0.221741E-01 0.692218E-01 0.177576 84 5%LSD 6DF 0.996907E-01 0.767037E-01 0.239449 NL NOS L5 L6 16.2000 13.9700 14.1650 16.4450 14.2800 16.7100 SE(N= 4) 0.167739 0.231786 5%LSD 6DF 0.580235 0.801786 0.614264 ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE SUMMARY TABLE FILE CCAO 21/ 1/21 11:20 :PAGE effect of nutrient solution on leaf mustard height F-PROBABLIITY VALUES FOR EACH EFFECT IN THE MODEL SECTION - VARIATE GRAND MEAN STANDARD (N= SD/MEAN | 12) NO OBS DEVIATION BASED ON BASED ON TOTAL SS RESID SS C OF V |CT % |NL | | | | | | | | | L1 12 3.7733 0.47737 0.57639E-01 1.5 0.0000 0.7074 L2 12 6.5367 0.98763 0.44348E-01 0.7 0.0000 0.0195 L3 12 9.5817 1.3504 0.13844 1.4 0.0000 0.1482 L4 12 11.593 1.8138 0.35515 3.1 0.0001 0.6763 L5 12 14.138 2.1960 0.33548 2.4 0.0000 0.4671 L6 12 16.452 2.1154 0.46357 2.8 0.0001 0.3627  Effect of nutrient solution on number of leaf of leaf mustard BALANCED ANOVA FOR VARIATE L1 FILE SO LA 25/ 1/21 9:46 :PAGE effect of nutrient solution on number of leaf of leaf mustard VARIATE V003 L1 LN SOURCE OF VARIATION DF SUMS OF MEAN SQUARES SQUARES F RATIO PROB ER LN ============================================================================= CT 613333 204444 NL 266666E-01 133333E-01 * RESIDUAL 266667E-01 444445E-02 46.00 0.000 3.00 0.125 * TOTAL (CORRECTED) 11 666666 606060E-01 BALANCED ANOVA FOR VARIATE L2 FILE SO LA 85 25/ 1/21 9:46 :PAGE effect of nutrient solution on number of leaf of leaf mustard VARIATE V004 L2 LN SOURCE OF VARIATION DF SUMS OF MEAN SQUARES SQUARES F RATIO PROB ER LN ============================================================================= CT 2.38667 NL 466667E-01 233333E-01 795555 * RESIDUAL 193334 24.69 0.001 0.72 0.526 322223E-01 * TOTAL (CORRECTED) 11 2.62667 238788 BALANCED ANOVA FOR VARIATE L3 FILE SO LA 25/ 1/21 9:46 :PAGE effect of nutrient solution on number of leaf of leaf mustard VARIATE V005 L3 LN SOURCE OF VARIATION DF SUMS OF MEAN SQUARES SQUARES F RATIO PROB ER LN ============================================================================= CT 7.71667 NL 866667E-01 433333E-01 2.57222 * RESIDUAL 313334 49.26 0.000 0.83 0.483 522223E-01 * TOTAL (CORRECTED) 11 8.11667 737879 BALANCED ANOVA FOR VARIATE L4 FILE SO LA 25/ 1/21 9:46 :PAGE effect of nutrient solution on number of leaf of leaf mustard VARIATE V006 L4 LN SOURCE OF VARIATION DF SUMS OF MEAN SQUARES SQUARES F RATIO PROB ER LN ============================================================================= CT 11.9567 NL 466666E-01 233333E-01 3.98556 * RESIDUAL 433333 55.18 0.000 0.32 0.738 722222E-01 * TOTAL (CORRECTED) 11 12.4367 1.13061 BALANCED ANOVA FOR VARIATE L5 FILE SO LA 25/ 1/21 9:46 :PAGE effect of nutrient solution on number of leaf of leaf mustard VARIATE V007 L5 86 LN SOURCE OF VARIATION DF SUMS OF MEAN SQUARES SQUARES F RATIO PROB ER LN ============================================================================= CT 26.9600 NL 866668E-01 433334E-01 8.98667 * RESIDUAL 180000 299.56 0.000 1.44 0.308 300000E-01 * TOTAL (CORRECTED) 11 27.2267 2.47515 BALANCED ANOVA FOR VARIATE L6 FILE SO LA 25/ 1/21 9:46 :PAGE effect of nutrient solution on number of leaf of leaf mustard VARIATE V008 L6 LN SOURCE OF VARIATION DF SUMS OF MEAN SQUARES SQUARES F RATIO PROB ER LN ============================================================================= CT 25.8400 NL 466666E-01 233333E-01 8.61333 * RESIDUAL 219999 234.91 0.000 0.64 0.565 366664E-01 * TOTAL (CORRECTED) 11 26.1067 2.37333 TABLE OF MEANS FOR FACTORIAL EFFECTS FILE SO LA 25/ 1/21 9:46 :PAGE effect of nutrient solution on number of leaf of leaf mustard MEANS FOR EFFECT CT CT NOS L1 L2 L3 L4 2.26667 3.00000 4.00000 5.06667 2.46667 3.26667 4.46667 5.66667 3 2.60000 3.53333 4.86667 6.20000 2.00000 2.33333 2.73333 3.53333 SE(N= 3) 0.384900E-01 0.103638 0.131937 0.155158 5%LSD 6DF 0.133143 0.456392 0.536717 CT NOS L5 0.358499 L6 6.40000 7.60000 7.40000 8.73333 3 8.46667 9.20000 4.40000 5.40000 SE(N= 3) 0.100000 0.110554 5%LSD 6DF 0.345916 0.382423 87 MEANS FOR EFFECT NL NL NOS L1 L2 L3 L4 2.30000 2.95000 3.90000 5.10000 2.30000 3.05000 4.10000 5.20000 2.40000 3.10000 4.05000 5.05000 SE(N= 4) 0.333334E-01 0.897528E-01 0.114261 0.134371 5%LSD 6DF 0.115305 0.464811 NL NOS 0.310469 L5 L6 6.55000 7.65000 6.75000 7.80000 6.70000 7.75000 0.395247 SE(N= 4) 0.866026E-01 0.957424E-01 5%LSD 6DF 0.299572 0.331188 ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE SUMMARY TABLE FILE SO LA 25/ 1/21 9:46 :PAGE effect of nutrient solution on number of leaf of leaf mustard F-PROBABLIITY VALUES FOR EACH EFFECT IN THE MODEL SECTION - VARIATE GRAND MEAN STANDARD (N= SD/MEAN | 12) DEVIATION NO BASED ON BASED ON OBS TOTAL SS RESID SS C OF V |CT % |NL | | | | | | | | | L1 12 2.3333 0.24618 0.66667E-01 2.9 0.0003 0.1245 L2 12 3.0333 0.48866 0.17951 5.9 0.0013 0.5256 L3 12 4.0167 0.85900 0.22852 5.7 0.0003 0.4832 L4 12 5.1167 1.0633 0.26874 5.3 0.0002 0.7380 L5 12 6.6667 1.5733 0.17321 2.6 0.0000 0.3080 L6 12 7.7333 1.5406 0.19148 2.5 0.0000 0.5647  Effect of nutrient solution on SPAD index of leaf mustard BALANCED ANOVA FOR VARIATE L1 FILE SPAD 21/ 1/21 8:28 :PAGE effect of nutrient solution on SPAD index of leaf mustard VARIATE V002 L1 LN SOURCE OF VARIATION DF SUMS OF 88 MEAN F RATIO PROB ER SQUARES SQUARES LN ============================================================================= CT * RESIDUAL 147.302 49.1007 16 7.35602 459751 106.80 0.000 * TOTAL (CORRECTED) 19 154.658 8.13990 BALANCED ANOVA FOR VARIATE L2 FILE SPAD 21/ 1/21 8:28 :PAGE effect of nutrient solution on SPAD index of leaf mustard VARIATE V003 L2 LN SOURCE OF VARIATION DF SUMS OF MEAN SQUARES SQUARES F RATIO PROB ER LN ============================================================================= CT * RESIDUAL 197.222 65.7407 16 5.59601 349750 187.96 0.000 * TOTAL (CORRECTED) 19 202.818 10.6746 BALANCED ANOVA FOR VARIATE L3 FILE SPAD 21/ 1/21 8:28 :PAGE effect of nutrient solution on SPAD index of leaf mustard VARIATE V004 L3 LN SOURCE OF VARIATION DF SUMS OF MEAN F RATIO PROB SQUARES SQUARES ER LN ============================================================================= CT * RESIDUAL 146.713 48.9045 16 9.21602 576001 84.90 0.000 * TOTAL (CORRECTED) 19 155.929 8.20681 TABLE OF MEANS FOR FACTORIAL EFFECTS FILE SPAD 21/ 1/21 8:28 :PAGE effect of nutrient solution on SPAD index of leaf mustard MEANS FOR EFFECT CT CT NOS L1 L2 L3 33.6600 34.3400 35.1400 37.5800 39.2200 39.9000 37.8200 38.9800 39.0400 31.3800 31.8200 33.3400 0.303233 0.264481 0.339412 SE(N= 5) 89 5%LSD 16DF 0.909097 0.792918 1.01756 ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE SUMMARY TABLE FILE SPAD 21/ 1/21 8:28 :PAGE effect of nutrient solution on SPAD index of leaf mustard F-PROBABLIITY VALUES FOR EACH EFFECT IN THE MODEL SECTION - VARIATE GRAND MEAN STANDARD (N= SD/MEAN | 20) NO OBS DEVIATION BASED ON BASED ON C OF V |CT % | | | | | | TOTAL SS RESID SS L1 20 35.110 2.8530 0.67805 1.9 0.0000 L2 20 36.090 3.2672 0.59140 1.6 0.0000 L3 20 36.855 2.8648 0.75895 2.1 0.0000  Effect of nutrient solution on brix value of leaf mustard BALANCED ANOVA FOR VARIATE BRIX FILE BRIX 21/ 1/21 8:35 :PAGE effect of nutrient solution on brix value of leaf mustard VARIATE V002 BRIX LN SOURCE OF VARIATION DF SUMS OF MEAN SQUARES SQUARES F RATIO PROB ER LN ============================================================================= CT 5.91750 * RESIDUAL 16 348001 1.97250 90.69 0.000 217500E-01 * TOTAL (CORRECTED) 19 6.26550 329763 TABLE OF MEANS FOR FACTORIAL EFFECTS FILE BRIX 21/ 1/21 8:35 :PAGE effect of nutrient solution on brix value of leaf mustard MEANS FOR EFFECT CT CT NOS BRIX 5.24000 5.62000 5.60000 4.28000 SE(N= 5) 0.659546E-01 90 5%LSD 16DF 0.197733 ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE SUMMARY TABLE FILE BRIX 21/ 1/21 8:35 :PAGE effect of nutrient solution on brix value of leaf mustard F-PROBABLIITY VALUES FOR EACH EFFECT IN THE MODEL SECTION - VARIATE BRIX  GRAND MEAN STANDARD (N= SD/MEAN | 20) DEVIATION NO BASED ON BASED ON OBS TOTAL SS RESID SS 0.57425 0.14748 20 5.1850 C OF V |CT % | | | | | | 2.8 0.0000 Effect of nutrient solution on leaf area of leaf mustard BALANCED ANOVA FOR VARIATE LAI FILE LEAFAREA 25/ 1/21 10: :PAGE EFFECT OF NUTRIENT SOLUTION ON LEAF AREA INDEX OF LEAF MUSTARD VARIATE V003 LAI LN SOURCE OF VARIATION DF SUMS OF MEAN SQUARES SQUARES F RATIO PROB ER LN ============================================================================= CT 1237.10 412.366 94.12 0.000 1.21 0.363 NL 10.6015 5.30077 * RESIDUAL 26.2874 4.38123 * TOTAL (CORRECTED) 11 1273.99 115.817 TABLE OF MEANS FOR FACTORIAL EFFECTS FILE LEAFAREA 25/ 1/21 10: :PAGE EFFECT OF NUTRIENT SOLUTION ON LEAF AREA INDEX OF LEAF MUSTARD MEANS FOR EFFECT CT CT NOS LAI 30.6416 43.7262 3 48.5487 23.0592 SE(N= 3) 1.20847 5%LSD 6DF 4.18031 - 91 MEANS FOR EFFECT NL NL NOS LAI 37.2883 37.0198 35.1737 SE(N= 4) 1.04657 5%LSD 6DF 3.62025 ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE SUMMARY TABLE FILE LEAFAREA 25/ 1/21 10: :PAGE EFFECT OF NUTRIENT SOLUTION ON LEAF AREA INDEX OF LEAF MUSTARD F-PROBABLIITY VALUES FOR EACH EFFECT IN THE MODEL SECTION - VARIATE GRAND MEAN STANDARD (N= SD/MEAN | 12) NO OBS LAI 12 36.494 DEVIATION BASED ON BASED ON TOTAL SS RESID SS 10.762 2.0931 C OF V |CT % |NL | | | | | | | | | 5.7 0.0001 0.3629  Effects of organics nutrient solution on some indicators of yield and product quality BALANCED ANOVA FOR VARIATE YIELD\ FILE YIELD 5/ 2/21 9:22 :PAGE Effects of organics nutrient solution on some indicators of yield and product qu VARIATE V003 YIELD\ LN SOURCE OF VARIATION DF SUMS OF MEAN SQUARES SQUARES F RATIO PROB ER LN ============================================================================= CT 126874 42291.2 * RESIDUAL 5249.17 656.147 64.45 0.000 * TOTAL (CORRECTED) 11 132123 12011.2 BALANCED ANOVA FOR VARIATE DRY% FILE YIELD 5/ 2/21 9:22 :PAGE Effects of organics nutrient solution on some indicators of yield and product qu 92 VARIATE V004 DRY% LN SOURCE OF VARIATION DF SUMS OF MEAN SQUARES SQUARES F RATIO PROB ER LN ============================================================================= CT 13.4664 4.48881 * RESIDUAL 362175 452719E-01 99.15 0.000 * TOTAL (CORRECTED) 11 13.8286 1.25715 BALANCED ANOVA FOR VARIATE WATER% FILE YIELD 5/ 2/21 9:22 :PAGE Effects of organics nutrient solution on some indicators of yield and product qu VARIATE V005 WATER% LN SOURCE OF VARIATION DF SUMS OF MEAN SQUARES SQUARES F RATIO PROB ER LN ============================================================================= CT 13.4664 4.48881 * RESIDUAL 362175 452718E-01 99.15 0.000 * TOTAL (CORRECTED) 11 13.8286 1.25714 TABLE OF MEANS FOR FACTORIAL EFFECTS FILE YIELD 5/ 2/21 9:22 :PAGE Effects of organics nutrient solution on some indicators of yield and product qu MEANS FOR EFFECT CT CT NOS YIELD\ DRY% WATER% 528.883 11.5419 88.4581 627.703 12.4373 87.5627 3 668.413 12.9879 87.0121 401.793 10.1858 89.8142 SE(N= 3) 14.7890 0.122844 0.122844 5%LSD 8DF 48.2255 0.400581 0.400581 ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE SUMMARY TABLE FILE YIELD 5/ 2/21 9:22 :PAGE Effects of organics nutrient solution on some indicators of yield and product qu 93 F-PROBABLIITY VALUES FOR EACH EFFECT IN THE MODEL SECTION - VARIATE GRAND MEAN STANDARD (N= SD/MEAN | 12) NO OBS DEVIATION BASED ON BASED ON C OF V |CT % | | | | | TOTAL SS RESID SS YIELD\ 12 556.70 109.60 25.615 4.6 0.0000 DRY% 12 11.788 1.1212 0.21277 1.8 0.0000 WATER% 12 88.212 1.1212 0.21277 0.2 0.0000 94 |