VIETNAM NATIONAL UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURE FACULTY OF BIOTECHNOLOGY GRADUATION THESIS MICROPROPAGATION OF PHILODENDRON FLORIDA Student : VU HAI CHUNG Supervivor : Dr Dang Thi Thanh Tam ID : 614044 Class : K61CNSHE Hanoi - 2021 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS During the process of studying, researching and completing the thesis, I have received the help of many individuals First of all, I wish to express my sincere gratitude to Dr Dang Thi Thanh Tam for her guidance throughout the course of this study I would like to thank the teachers in the Department of Plants - Faculty of Biotechnology for creating the best conditions to me to implement the topic I would like to thank for the help of all my friend during the study period Hanoi ……………… Student Vu Hai Chung i    COMMITMENT This thesis is composed of my original works, and contains no material previously published or written by another person I also declare that all the help to complete this thesis has been thanks Hanoi ……………… Student Vu Hai Chung ii    CONTENS ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I COMMITMENT ii CONTENS iii LIST OF TABLE vi LIST OF FIGURE .vii ABBREVIATIONS viii SUMMARY IX Part I: Introduction 1.1 Introduction 1.2 Purpose 1.3 Requirement 1.4 The meaning of the thesis thoughts in learning and scientific research Part II: Literature Review 2.1 Introduction to the Philodendron Florida 2.1.1 Origination 2.1.2 Classification 2.1.3 Botanical characteristics 2.1.4 Cultural Conditions: 2.2 The economic value of the above flower production industry the world and in Vietnam 2.2.1 World production of flowers and ornamental plants iii    2.3.Application in vitro tissue culture technology to multiplication of ornamental plants 2.3.1 Brief History of Plant Tissue Culture: 2.3.2 Factors affect to micropropagation 2.4 Overview of the Araceae family tissue culture in the world and in Vietnam10 2.4.1 In the world 10 2.4.2 In Vietnam 12 Part III MATERIALS AND METHODS 13 3.1 Research materials 13 3.2 Location and time of study 13 3.3 Content and research method 13 3.3.1 Studying the effect of substances on shoot induction of the Philodendron Florida 13 Culture medium: MS + 30 g/l sucrose+ 6.5 g/l agar (pH=5.8) 16 3.4 Method 16 3.5 Observed indicators 16 Part IV RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONs 17 4.1 Study on the effect of substances on shoot induction of the Philodendron Florida 17 4.1.1  Effect of BA concentration on micropropagation of the in vitroPhilodendron Florida shoots 17 4.1.2 Studying the effect of Kinetin concentration on shoot multiplication 19 of the in vitro Philodendron Florida shoots 19 iv    4.1.3 Effect of yam bean extract on shoot multiplication of the in vitroPhilodendron Florida shoots 21 4.2 Studying the effect of substances on the Philodendron Florida rootingError! Bookmark no 4.2.1 Effect of culture medium on the root induction of in vitro Philodendron Florida shoots 23 4.2.2 Effect of IBA on the root induction of in vitro Philodendron Florida shoots 26 4.3.3 Effect of combination 0.1 mg/l α-NAA + IAA on the rooting of in vitro Philodendron Florida shoots …………………………………………………27 Part 5.Conclusion 28 5.1 Conclusion 28 5.2 Suggestions 28 REFERENCES 29 Addendum 31                           v    LIST OF TABLE Experiment 1. Effect of BA concentration on micropropagation of the in vitro‐ Philodendron Florida  shoots   13  Experiment 2. Effect of Kinetin concentration on shoot multiplication of the in vitro‐ Philodendron  Florida shoots   14  Experiment 3. Effect of yam bean extract on shoot multiplication of the in vitro‐ Philodendron Florida  shoots   14  Experiment 4.  Effect of culture medium on the root induction of in vitro Philodendron Florida shoots   15  Experiment 5.  Effect of IBA on the root induction of in vitro Philodendron Florida shoots   15  Experiment 6. Effect of combination 0.1 mg/l α‐NAA + IAA on the rooting of in vitro Philodendron Florida  shoots   15  Table 4.1. Effect of BA concentration on shoot multiplication of the in vitro   18  Philodendron Florida shoots  . 18  Table 4.2. Effect of Kinetin concentration on shoot multiplication of the in vitro Philodendron Florida  shoots   20  Table 4.3. Effect of yam bean extract on shoot multiplication of the in vitro‐ Philodendron Florida shoots    21  Table 4.4. Effect of culture medium on the root induction of in vitro Philodendron Florida shoots  . 23  Table 4.5. Effect of IBA on the rooting of shoots of Philodendron Florida  . 24  1. Effect of BA concentration on shoot multiplication of the in vitro  . 31  Philodendron Florida shoots  . 31                      vi    LIST OF FIGURE   Figure 4.1 In vitro shoots of Philodendron Florida plants after weeks of culture on MS medium supplemented with different BA concentrations.19 Figure 4.2 In vitro shoots of Philodendron Florida after weeks of culture on MS medium supplemented with different kinetin concentrations 21 Figure 4.3.  In vitro shoots of Philodendron Florida after weeks of culture on MS medium supplemented with different yam bean extract concentration 22 Figure 4.4 In vitro shoots of Philodendron Florida plants after weeks of culture on MS medium supplemented with different concentrations 24 Figure 4.5 In vitro shoots of Philodendron Florida after weeks of culture on MS medium supplemented with different IBA concentrations 25 Figure 4.6 In vitro shoots of Philodendron Florida plants after weeks of culture on MS medium supplemented with different combination 0.1 mg/l α-NAA + IAA concentrations 26     vii    ABBREVIATIONS α-NAA : α-Naphthalene acetic acid MS : Murashige & Skoog Mg : Milligram Mg/1 : Milligram per liter g : Gram IAA : Acid indole-3-acetic IBA : Indole- 3- butyric acid C : Control T : Treatment viii    SUMMARY Studies of micropropagation of Philodendron Florida A rapid and efficient micropropagation method was established for  Philodendron Florida Shoots were cultured on MS medium containing benzyl adenine (BA), kinetin (K) The results showed that MS medium supplemented with 1mg/l BA + 0.5 α- NAA was optimal for shoot multiplication α-NAA had positive impact on root induction for in vitro shoots After four weeks of culture, the results showed that MS medium supplemented with 1mg/l activated α- NAA + 0.3 IAA was optimal for root induction in terms of root number per shoot and average length of root ix    PART CONCLUSION 5.1 Conclusion The best proliferation occurred on MS media supplemented with 1mg/l BA + 0.5 mg/l α- NAA but MS media supplemented with yam bean extract gave shoots of better quality (shoots were larger, more uniform in height and morphology) The best proliferation occurred on MS media supplemented with mg/l BA and 0.5 mg/l α- NAA + 30g/l sugar + 6.5 g/l agar α-NAA and IAA had a positive effect on in vitro rooting of Philodendron Florida 1g/l α-NAA + 0.3 mg/l IAA added MS medium was the best appropriate for root induction in terms of root number per shoot and average length of root after four weeks culture 5.2 Suggestions Due to the limited time and research conditions and not have expanded the topic, so we would like to give some suggestions as follows: - Testing the effect of organic additives such as banana, potato, coconut water to promote the growth of in vitro shoots - Testing the acclimatization conditions for Philodendron Florida plantlets 28    REFERENCES Liebmann, F M (1849) Mexicos halvgraes: bearbeidede efter Forgaengernes og egne materialier, med tillaeg af de i Nicaragua og Costa Rica af Mag AS Ørsted samlede samt nogle faa ubeskrevne vestindiske former Saeed, N A., Zafar, Y., & Malik, K A (1997) A simple procedure of Gossypium meristem shoot tip culture Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture, 51(3), 201-207 Boxus, P (1999) Micropropagation of strawberry via axillary shoot proliferation Plant cell culture protocols, 103-114 Espinosa, A C., Pijut, P M., & Michler, C H (2006) Adventitious shoot regeneration and rooting of Prunus serotina in vitro cultures HortScience, 41(1), 193-201 Saad, A I., & Elshahed, A M (2012) Plant tissue culture media Recent advances in plant in vitro culture, 30-40 Salachna, P., Grzeszczuk, M., & Soból, M (2017) Effects of chitooligosaccharide coating combined with selected ionic polymers on the stimulation of Ornithogalum saundersiae growth Molecules, 22(11), 1903 George, E F., Hall, M A., & De Klerk, G J (2008) The components of plant tissue culture media I: macro-and micro-nutrients In Plant propagation by tissue culture (pp 65-113) Springer, Dordrecht Abrahamian, P., & Kantharajah, A (2011) Effect of vitamins on in vitro organogenesis of plant American journal of plant Sciences, 2(05), 669 Nowakowska, K., Pacholczak, A., & Tepper, W (2019) The effect of selected growth regulators and culture media on regeneration of Daphne mezereum L.‘Alba’ Rendiconti Lincei Scienze Fisiche e Naturali, 30(1), 197-205 29    Kumar, S., Singh, R., Kalia, S., Sharma, S K., & Kalia, R (2016) Recent advances in understanding the role of growth regulators in plant growth and development in vitro-I: conventional growth regulators Indian For, 142(5), 459470 Su YH, Liu YB, Zhang XS (2011) Auxin-cytokinin interaction regulates meristem development Mol Plant 4:616–625 Gaba, V P (2005) Plant growth regulators in plant tissue culture and development In Plant development and biotechnology (pp 87-99) Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press Sai, S T., Keng, C L., Pargini, N., & Teo, C K (2000) In vitro propagation of Typhonium flagelliforme (Lodd) Blume In Vitro Cellular & Developmental Biology-Plant, 36(5), 402-406 Jahan, M T., Islam, M R., Khan, R., Mamun, A N K., Ahmed, G., & Hakim, L (2009) In vitro clonal propagation of anthurium (Anthurium andraeanum L.) using callus culture Plant Tissue Culture and Biotechnology, 19(1), 61-69 Lan, T T N., & Anh, T T H (2017) In vitro micropropagation of Anthurium andraeanum through thin cell layer culture Vietnam Journal of Biotechnology, 15(2), 319-326 Internet sources https://dangcongsan.vn/kinh-te-va-hoi-nhap/phat-trien-nganh-cong-nghiephoa-cay-canh-trong-kinh-te-hoi-nhap-371659.html Ha Anh (2016) To develop the flower and Ornamental Plants industries in the economic integration Viet nam Communist party online newspaper 30    ADDENDUM Data processing results using IRRSTAT 5.0 software Effect of BA concentration on shoot multiplication of the in vitro Philodendron Florida shoots 31    32    Effect of Kinetin concentration on shoot multiplication of the in vitroPhilodendron Florida shoots 33    34    Effect of yam bean extract on shoot multiplication of the in vitroPhilodendron Florida shoots 35    36    Effect of culture medium on the root induction of in vitro Philodendron Florida shoots 37    38    Effect of IBA on the root induction of in vitro Philodendron Florida shoots 39    40    6. Effect of combination 0.1 mg/l α-NAA + IAA on the rooting of in vitro Philodendron Florida shoots 41    42